无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机的电磁机理研究
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摘要
摘要：磁悬浮技术由于其运作无机械接触的优势,具有噪音小、易维护、可靠性高的优点,在交通运输、特种电机、机器人、金属加工等很多场合得到了应用。
本文提出了一种新型的磁悬浮方案—无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机,采用电动式磁悬浮原理,通过在初级绕组中通入交变电流,在悬浮气隙中产生运动的磁场,与其在次级导体板中感应出涡流相互作用产生悬浮力和水平力。这一磁悬浮方案结构稳定、控制简单,能够实现稳定的静止磁悬浮和运行导向,有较为广阔的应用范围。但是,该类电机特有的初级次级均无铁心结构,无法照搬传统电机的研究方法与经验,其研究具有开拓性和前沿性。为能够准确分析这一全新的磁悬浮电机,本文提出了一整套分析方法,对该电机的电磁场、力特性、电感参数进行了分析。
利用电磁场理论分析了电动式磁悬浮电机内部的电磁关系和工作原理。对永磁电动式磁悬浮和旋转磁场电动式磁悬浮电机进行了定量分析,得到了磁场解析模型。研究了结构参数对电动式磁悬浮性能的影响。并比较了几种电动式磁悬浮的优缺点,研究结果表明旋转磁场电动式磁悬浮较永磁电动式磁悬浮有一定的优势。
针对高温超导线圈的物理特性,考虑到初级绕组无铁芯,磁场无“路”可走,只能通过空气闭合,漏磁较大,在对永磁HALBACH阵列研究的基础上,提出了无铁芯的电磁HALBACH阵列,分析表明无铁芯的电磁HALBACH阵列也具有永磁HALBACH阵列同样的特性。在此基础上,提出了一种新型的可以产生运动磁场的高温超导电磁HALBACH阵列。
应用傅里叶分解的磁场分析方法,对运动磁场电磁HALBACH阵列磁场的基波和谐波分量进行了分析,该方法可分析包括绕组电流层在内的所有区域,便于磁场谐波分析,利用该方法得到了磁场解析模型。研究了电磁HALBACH阵列的绕组排列方式对气隙磁场的影响,研究结果表明本文提出的运动磁场电磁HALBACH阵列具有很好的磁场特性。
根据电机的结构特点,在对电磁场模型进行简化的基础上,采用解析法得到了高温超导电磁HALBACH感应悬浮电机的电磁模型。对不同初级结构的无铁芯电机产生的悬浮力进行了比较,并将有限元法与解析法得到的悬浮力结果进行了对比。最后就高温超导无铁芯感应悬浮电机的电路模型参数进行了分析计算。
针对高温超导电磁HALBACH感应悬浮电机的磁路在横向和纵向的开断,导致气隙磁场在横向和纵向均受到影响的问题,基于磁场解析模型,建立了新的考虑横向和纵向边端效应的模型,该模型同时考虑了横向,纵向边端效应,气隙和次级肌肤效应对电机的影响,得到了考虑边端效应的悬浮力电感参数等特性。
设计制作了铜绕组样机,并对样机参数和力特性进行了测试。样机悬浮力和参数的实验结果验证了本文提出的解析计算模型是准确的。
总之,通过对无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机的磁路、电路及性能特性进行分析研究,建立了一套分析高温超导无铁芯感应悬浮应电机的理论和方法,并通过铜绕组试制样机的制造和试验,进一步验证了这些理论和方法的准确性,这对无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机的设计和应用有很好的参考价值。
Magnetic levitation could operate contactlessly, has the advantages of low noise, low maintenance and high reliability, it could be used in transportation, special motors, robot and metal working.
A new configuration of maglev system-High Temperature Superconducting Coreless Induction Maglev Motor (HTS CIMM) is proposed in this dissertation,the system uses electro-dynamic levitation principle, moving magnetic field (MMF) in its air-gap is generated by3-phase AC current in the primary windings,the interaction between MMF and secondary eddy current inducted by MMF produces lift force and horizontal force. This system's structural is stable,its control is simple,it can realize intrisic stable static levitation and guidance, has a widely application prospect.It is not suitable to copy indiscriminately the research method and experience of the traditional motor for HTS CIMM.The research on the HTS CIMM a pioneering study and advanced subject,is in theory exploration stage at present.A series of analyzing tools was proposed to analyze the motor's electromagnetic field,force characteristics, inductance parameters and the equivalent circuit.
The fundamental principle of the HTS CIMM is demonstrated.By using the electromagnetic theory the electromagnetic relationship is formulated.The magnetic field is formulated by analyzing permanent magnet electro-magnetic levitation and rotating magnetic field electro-magnetic levitation.The influence of the structural parameters on the performance of the HTS CIMM is presented.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of kinds of maglev motors,the result shows that the rotating magnetic field has more advantages.
The characteristics of the HTS winding coils are analyzed.According to the features of the HTS winding coils and considering the primary winding without core, electromagnetic HALBACH array is proposed by analyzing the permanent magnet HALBACH array.The results show that Coreless electromagnetic HALBACH and PM Halbach magnet array have the same characteristics.Based on the above analysis, a new type of moving coreless HTS electromagnetic HALBACH array is proposed.
A kind of magnet field analytical method based on Fourier decomposition is proposed.This method can be used in all areas including winding current layers and is convenient for harmonic analysis of magnet field.A study is made on the variations of air gap magnetic field with different forms of windings.The results show that coreless electromagnetic HALBACH is more effective in improving air gap magnetic field distribution.
According to the features of the machine structure, the computation model is simplified, and the electromagnetic field of the HTS CIMM is computed by analytical calculation.The comparison of the analytical calculation result and FEM result has confirmed the correctness of this method. The Equivalent Circuit of the HTS CIMM is obtained.
The fundamental difference between a rotary motor and HTS CIMM is the open air-gap which affects the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields.Based on the magnet field analytical method, a new type of theory, which includes simultaneously the longitudinal and transverse effects, together with the effect of the effect of a large air-gap and the secondary skin effect, is proposed. The lift force, horizontal force, and the power factor, are obtained.
According to the manufacture and the test of the prototype motor with copper windings, the force characteristics and Parameters of prototypes were tested. The experimental results of lift force and Parameters have proved the correctness of the computation and analysis above.
In short, through the study of the magnetic circuit, the electrical circuit and the performance of the HTS CIMM, the design theory and the analysis method of the HTS CIMM are set. According to the manufacture and the test of the prototype motor with copper windings, the accuracy of these theories and methods are validated. And it has a good reference value for the design and the application of the HTS CIMM.
本文提出了一种新型的磁悬浮方案—无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机,采用电动式磁悬浮原理,通过在初级绕组中通入交变电流,在悬浮气隙中产生运动的磁场,与其在次级导体板中感应出涡流相互作用产生悬浮力和水平力。这一磁悬浮方案结构稳定、控制简单,能够实现稳定的静止磁悬浮和运行导向,有较为广阔的应用范围。但是,该类电机特有的初级次级均无铁心结构,无法照搬传统电机的研究方法与经验,其研究具有开拓性和前沿性。为能够准确分析这一全新的磁悬浮电机,本文提出了一整套分析方法,对该电机的电磁场、力特性、电感参数进行了分析。
利用电磁场理论分析了电动式磁悬浮电机内部的电磁关系和工作原理。对永磁电动式磁悬浮和旋转磁场电动式磁悬浮电机进行了定量分析,得到了磁场解析模型。研究了结构参数对电动式磁悬浮性能的影响。并比较了几种电动式磁悬浮的优缺点,研究结果表明旋转磁场电动式磁悬浮较永磁电动式磁悬浮有一定的优势。
针对高温超导线圈的物理特性,考虑到初级绕组无铁芯,磁场无“路”可走,只能通过空气闭合,漏磁较大,在对永磁HALBACH阵列研究的基础上,提出了无铁芯的电磁HALBACH阵列,分析表明无铁芯的电磁HALBACH阵列也具有永磁HALBACH阵列同样的特性。在此基础上,提出了一种新型的可以产生运动磁场的高温超导电磁HALBACH阵列。
应用傅里叶分解的磁场分析方法,对运动磁场电磁HALBACH阵列磁场的基波和谐波分量进行了分析,该方法可分析包括绕组电流层在内的所有区域,便于磁场谐波分析,利用该方法得到了磁场解析模型。研究了电磁HALBACH阵列的绕组排列方式对气隙磁场的影响,研究结果表明本文提出的运动磁场电磁HALBACH阵列具有很好的磁场特性。
根据电机的结构特点,在对电磁场模型进行简化的基础上,采用解析法得到了高温超导电磁HALBACH感应悬浮电机的电磁模型。对不同初级结构的无铁芯电机产生的悬浮力进行了比较,并将有限元法与解析法得到的悬浮力结果进行了对比。最后就高温超导无铁芯感应悬浮电机的电路模型参数进行了分析计算。
针对高温超导电磁HALBACH感应悬浮电机的磁路在横向和纵向的开断,导致气隙磁场在横向和纵向均受到影响的问题,基于磁场解析模型,建立了新的考虑横向和纵向边端效应的模型,该模型同时考虑了横向,纵向边端效应,气隙和次级肌肤效应对电机的影响,得到了考虑边端效应的悬浮力电感参数等特性。
设计制作了铜绕组样机,并对样机参数和力特性进行了测试。样机悬浮力和参数的实验结果验证了本文提出的解析计算模型是准确的。
总之,通过对无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机的磁路、电路及性能特性进行分析研究,建立了一套分析高温超导无铁芯感应悬浮应电机的理论和方法,并通过铜绕组试制样机的制造和试验,进一步验证了这些理论和方法的准确性,这对无铁芯高温超导感应悬浮电机的设计和应用有很好的参考价值。
Magnetic levitation could operate contactlessly, has the advantages of low noise, low maintenance and high reliability, it could be used in transportation, special motors, robot and metal working.
A new configuration of maglev system-High Temperature Superconducting Coreless Induction Maglev Motor (HTS CIMM) is proposed in this dissertation,the system uses electro-dynamic levitation principle, moving magnetic field (MMF) in its air-gap is generated by3-phase AC current in the primary windings,the interaction between MMF and secondary eddy current inducted by MMF produces lift force and horizontal force. This system's structural is stable,its control is simple,it can realize intrisic stable static levitation and guidance, has a widely application prospect.It is not suitable to copy indiscriminately the research method and experience of the traditional motor for HTS CIMM.The research on the HTS CIMM a pioneering study and advanced subject,is in theory exploration stage at present.A series of analyzing tools was proposed to analyze the motor's electromagnetic field,force characteristics, inductance parameters and the equivalent circuit.
The fundamental principle of the HTS CIMM is demonstrated.By using the electromagnetic theory the electromagnetic relationship is formulated.The magnetic field is formulated by analyzing permanent magnet electro-magnetic levitation and rotating magnetic field electro-magnetic levitation.The influence of the structural parameters on the performance of the HTS CIMM is presented.Compare the advantages and disadvantages of kinds of maglev motors,the result shows that the rotating magnetic field has more advantages.
The characteristics of the HTS winding coils are analyzed.According to the features of the HTS winding coils and considering the primary winding without core, electromagnetic HALBACH array is proposed by analyzing the permanent magnet HALBACH array.The results show that Coreless electromagnetic HALBACH and PM Halbach magnet array have the same characteristics.Based on the above analysis, a new type of moving coreless HTS electromagnetic HALBACH array is proposed.
A kind of magnet field analytical method based on Fourier decomposition is proposed.This method can be used in all areas including winding current layers and is convenient for harmonic analysis of magnet field.A study is made on the variations of air gap magnetic field with different forms of windings.The results show that coreless electromagnetic HALBACH is more effective in improving air gap magnetic field distribution.
According to the features of the machine structure, the computation model is simplified, and the electromagnetic field of the HTS CIMM is computed by analytical calculation.The comparison of the analytical calculation result and FEM result has confirmed the correctness of this method. The Equivalent Circuit of the HTS CIMM is obtained.
The fundamental difference between a rotary motor and HTS CIMM is the open air-gap which affects the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields.Based on the magnet field analytical method, a new type of theory, which includes simultaneously the longitudinal and transverse effects, together with the effect of the effect of a large air-gap and the secondary skin effect, is proposed. The lift force, horizontal force, and the power factor, are obtained.
According to the manufacture and the test of the prototype motor with copper windings, the force characteristics and Parameters of prototypes were tested. The experimental results of lift force and Parameters have proved the correctness of the computation and analysis above.
In short, through the study of the magnetic circuit, the electrical circuit and the performance of the HTS CIMM, the design theory and the analysis method of the HTS CIMM are set. According to the manufacture and the test of the prototype motor with copper windings, the accuracy of these theories and methods are validated. And it has a good reference value for the design and the application of the HTS CIMM.
引文
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