型钢再生混凝土柱抗震性能及设计计算方法研究
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摘要
型钢再生混凝土组合结构融合了普通型钢混凝土结构承载能力高、抗震性能好的优点和再生混凝土节能环保、可再生利用的显著特点，不但可以提高建筑结构的抗震防灾能力，还符合国家绿色环保和可持续发展的战略，因此具有广阔的发展应用前景。本文通过试验和理论手段，系统研究了型钢再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载下的力学性能，并提出了相关设计计算理论。
根据再生混凝土特点和组合结构要求，设计配制了满足强度要求的再生混凝土材料。在此基础上，本文共设计制作了17个型钢再生混凝土柱试件，设计参数主要包括再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率；通过各柱构件的低周反复荷载试验，主要研究了柱构件的破坏过程及破坏形态特征；分析了柱构件在反复荷载作用下的滞回曲线与骨架曲线。在此基础上，对柱构件的抗震承载力、刚度退化、强度衰减、耗能能力、延性以及侧移角等进行了详细研究，并分析了设计参数对型钢再生混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。
结合型钢再生混凝土柱构件的特征，并进行一定的简化处理，采用OpenSees软件对型钢再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载下的滞回性能进行了模拟分析，主要获取了柱构件的滞回曲线及骨架曲线，并将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比，验证了有限元分析结果的合理性。在此基础上，分析了再生混凝土强度、型钢强度、配钢率以及箍筋强度对柱构件抗震性能的影响。
根据型钢再生混凝土柱滞回性能特点，建立了适合于型钢再生混凝土柱的恢复力模型，该模型采用刚度退化四折线模型，包括骨架曲线模型、刚度退化规律以及滞回规则。利用理论推导和统计回归的方法确定了骨架曲线模型中各个特征点，即开裂点、屈服点、峰值点以及极限点，且相应的给出了加载刚度和卸载刚度，并对计算骨架曲线与实测骨架曲线进行了对比，验证了恢复力模型的合理性。
根据延性系数给出了保证型钢再生混凝土柱具有较好抗震性能的试验轴压比限值。依据偏心受压柱大小偏心受压界限破坏理论，推导了发生弯曲破坏的型钢再生混凝土柱轴压比限值的计算方法，并结合试验结果给出了相应的轴压比限值；根据试验轴压比与延性的关系，给出了发生剪切斜压破坏的型钢再生混凝土柱轴压比限值。在分析体积配箍率对柱构件抗震延性有利影响的基础上，给出了不同体积配箍率下型钢再生混凝土柱的轴压比限值。
根据试验结果，研究了型钢再生混凝土柱的水平承载力，并分析了再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率对柱构件水平承载力的影响。根据型钢、箍筋以及纵筋的应变变化规律，研究了它们各自抵抗水平荷载作用的特点，并分析了型钢再生混凝土柱在水平荷载作用下的受力机理。依据发生不同破坏形态的柱构件受力机理特征，理论推导了柱构件相应的水平承载力计算公式；并提出了型钢再生混凝土柱水平承载力的实用计算公式。
根据型钢截面受力特征，给出了型钢与再生混凝土之间粘结应力的计算公式。通过在型钢翼缘外侧粘贴电阻应变片以获得型钢翼缘应变分布情况，分析了型钢翼缘应变的分布规律，并对其进行多次回归分析，获得型钢翼缘在不同荷载数级作用下的各应变点组成的数学描述曲线，并对该曲线进行求导，最后利用所给公式计算得到型钢翼缘外侧的等效粘结力。分析了型钢再生混凝土柱粘结应力分析规律及特征；根据型钢再生混凝土柱在反复荷载作用下的粘结退化机理及特征，并结合试验结果，给出了柱构件的粘结应力退化计算表达式。
结合试验研究，分析了型钢再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的地震损伤特点，并对柱构件的地震损伤进行了量化处理。在分析归纳现有地震损伤模型的基础上，结合型钢再生混凝土柱的特点，建立了基于变形和累积滞回耗能非线性组合的型钢再生混凝土柱地震损伤模型。对计算损伤指数和试验损伤指数进行了比较，验证了柱构件地震损伤模型的合理性；分析了再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率对型钢再生混凝土柱地震损伤性能的影响。
The ordinary steel reinforced concrete composite structure has a high bearing capacity andgood seismic performance. At the same time, the recycled concrete can save energy andprotect environment, which has the characteristics of renewable utilization. Combined withthe above characteristics, the steel reinforced recycled concrete composite structure was putforward in this paper. The new structure not only can improve the earthquake resistanceability of building structure, but also accord with the strategies of national greenenvironmental protection and sustainable development. Therefore, the steel reinforcedrecycled concrete composite structure has a broad application prospects. In this paper, throughthe test and theoretical methods, the mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycledconcrete columns under low cyclic loading were researched in detail. The design calculationmethods of column were also put forward in this paper.
According to the characteristics of recycled concrete and composite structure, the recycledconcrete materials which met strength requirements were designed and prepared. On theabove basis,17steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were designed and produced inthis paper. The design parameters mainly include recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio,shear span ratio, axial compression ratio and stirrup ratio. Through the low cyclic loading test,the failure processes and modes of the columns were studied and the hysteresis curves andskeleton curves were also analysed in major. On that basis, the seismic capacity, stiffnessdegradation, strength attenuation, energy dissipation capacity, ductility and lateral angles ofcolumns were researched in detail. In addition, the impacts of design parameters on seismicperformance of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were also researched.
Combined with the characteristics of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns andsimplified processes, the OpenSees software was used for simulating the hysteretic behaviors of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns under low cyclic loading. The hysteresis curvesand skeleton curves of columns were obtained. The simulation results and test results werecompared, which verified the rationality of finite element analysis results. On the basis, theinfluences of recycled concrete strength grade, steel strength, steel ratio and stirrup strengthon seismic performance of the columns were analysed in detail.
According to the hysteresis characteristics of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns,the restoring force model which is suitable for the columns was established in this paper. Themodel used the four line of stiffness degradation model which includes the skeleton curvemodel, stiffness degradation and hysteresis rules. Using the theories and statistical regressionmethods, the feature points including cracking point, yield point, peak point and limit point ofskeleton curve model were determined. Besides, the load stiffness and unloading stiffness ofrestoring force model were also given in this paper. The calculation skeleton curves and testskeleton curves were compared, which verifies the rationality of the restoring force model.
On the basis of ductility coefficient, the test value of axial compression ratio which canguarantee the steel reinforced recycled concrete columns having a good seismic performancewere given in this paper. According to the limit compression damage theory of eccentriccompression columns, the calculation methods of limit value of axial compression ratio forthe bending failure columns were given and the limit values of axial compression ratio alsowere obtained combined with the test results. According to the relationship between the axialcompression ratio and ductility coefficient, the limit values of axial compression ratio for theshear failure columns were given. On the beneficial effect of stirrup ratio for the ductility ofcolumns, the limit values of axial compression ratio of steel reinforced recycled concretecolumns were provided under the different stirrup ratio in this paper.
According to the test results, the horizontal bearing capacity of steel reinforced recycledconcrete columns was studied and analyzed the influence of design parameters such as therecycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio andstirrup ratio on the horizontal bearing capacity of columns. On the basis of strain change ruleof steel, stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement in columns, the characteristics and mechanismof horizontal bearing capacity of columns were researched in detail. According to the stressmechanism characteristics of different failure modes of columns, the calculation formulas oftheir corresponding horizontal bearing capacity were given through the theoretical method. And the practical calculation formulas of horizontal bearing capacity for steel reinforcedrecycled concrete columns was also given in this paper.
In accordance with the stress characteristics of steel, the calculation formulas of bondstress between steel and recycled concrete were given. The strain distribution of steel flangeswere obtained through the resistance strain gauges. Analysing the strain distribution laws ofsteel flanges and carrying out the multiple regression analysis for the strain distribution laws,the mathematical description curves of strain distribution of steel flanges were obtained.Through the derivation of the curves, the equivalent bond stress of steel flanges can becalculated by the above calculation formulas. The distribution rules and characteristics ofbond stress of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were analysed in detail. Accordingto the degradation mechanism and characteristics of bonding in columns under low cyclicloading and combined with test results, the calculation formulas of bond stress degradation ofcolumns were given in this paper.
Combined with test research, the earthquake damage characteristics of steel reinforcedrecycled concrete columns under low cyclic loading were analysed and the earthquakedamage of columns were quantitative processing through the test results. Based on theexisting seismic damage models and combined with the characteristics of columns, theearthquake damage model based on the nonlinear combination of deformation and cumulativeenergy dissipation for steel reinforced recycled concrete columns was established. Thecalculation damage indexes and test damage indexes were compared, which verifies therationality of the earthquake damage model for the columns. Finally, the influences ofrecycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio andstirrup ratio on the earthquake damage performance of the columns were analysed detailedly.
根据再生混凝土特点和组合结构要求，设计配制了满足强度要求的再生混凝土材料。在此基础上，本文共设计制作了17个型钢再生混凝土柱试件，设计参数主要包括再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率；通过各柱构件的低周反复荷载试验，主要研究了柱构件的破坏过程及破坏形态特征；分析了柱构件在反复荷载作用下的滞回曲线与骨架曲线。在此基础上，对柱构件的抗震承载力、刚度退化、强度衰减、耗能能力、延性以及侧移角等进行了详细研究，并分析了设计参数对型钢再生混凝土柱抗震性能的影响。
结合型钢再生混凝土柱构件的特征，并进行一定的简化处理，采用OpenSees软件对型钢再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载下的滞回性能进行了模拟分析，主要获取了柱构件的滞回曲线及骨架曲线，并将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比，验证了有限元分析结果的合理性。在此基础上，分析了再生混凝土强度、型钢强度、配钢率以及箍筋强度对柱构件抗震性能的影响。
根据型钢再生混凝土柱滞回性能特点，建立了适合于型钢再生混凝土柱的恢复力模型，该模型采用刚度退化四折线模型，包括骨架曲线模型、刚度退化规律以及滞回规则。利用理论推导和统计回归的方法确定了骨架曲线模型中各个特征点，即开裂点、屈服点、峰值点以及极限点，且相应的给出了加载刚度和卸载刚度，并对计算骨架曲线与实测骨架曲线进行了对比，验证了恢复力模型的合理性。
根据延性系数给出了保证型钢再生混凝土柱具有较好抗震性能的试验轴压比限值。依据偏心受压柱大小偏心受压界限破坏理论，推导了发生弯曲破坏的型钢再生混凝土柱轴压比限值的计算方法，并结合试验结果给出了相应的轴压比限值；根据试验轴压比与延性的关系，给出了发生剪切斜压破坏的型钢再生混凝土柱轴压比限值。在分析体积配箍率对柱构件抗震延性有利影响的基础上，给出了不同体积配箍率下型钢再生混凝土柱的轴压比限值。
根据试验结果，研究了型钢再生混凝土柱的水平承载力，并分析了再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率对柱构件水平承载力的影响。根据型钢、箍筋以及纵筋的应变变化规律，研究了它们各自抵抗水平荷载作用的特点，并分析了型钢再生混凝土柱在水平荷载作用下的受力机理。依据发生不同破坏形态的柱构件受力机理特征，理论推导了柱构件相应的水平承载力计算公式；并提出了型钢再生混凝土柱水平承载力的实用计算公式。
根据型钢截面受力特征，给出了型钢与再生混凝土之间粘结应力的计算公式。通过在型钢翼缘外侧粘贴电阻应变片以获得型钢翼缘应变分布情况，分析了型钢翼缘应变的分布规律，并对其进行多次回归分析，获得型钢翼缘在不同荷载数级作用下的各应变点组成的数学描述曲线，并对该曲线进行求导，最后利用所给公式计算得到型钢翼缘外侧的等效粘结力。分析了型钢再生混凝土柱粘结应力分析规律及特征；根据型钢再生混凝土柱在反复荷载作用下的粘结退化机理及特征，并结合试验结果，给出了柱构件的粘结应力退化计算表达式。
结合试验研究，分析了型钢再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载作用下的地震损伤特点，并对柱构件的地震损伤进行了量化处理。在分析归纳现有地震损伤模型的基础上，结合型钢再生混凝土柱的特点，建立了基于变形和累积滞回耗能非线性组合的型钢再生混凝土柱地震损伤模型。对计算损伤指数和试验损伤指数进行了比较，验证了柱构件地震损伤模型的合理性；分析了再生粗骨料取代率、剪跨比、轴压比以及体积配箍率对型钢再生混凝土柱地震损伤性能的影响。
The ordinary steel reinforced concrete composite structure has a high bearing capacity andgood seismic performance. At the same time, the recycled concrete can save energy andprotect environment, which has the characteristics of renewable utilization. Combined withthe above characteristics, the steel reinforced recycled concrete composite structure was putforward in this paper. The new structure not only can improve the earthquake resistanceability of building structure, but also accord with the strategies of national greenenvironmental protection and sustainable development. Therefore, the steel reinforcedrecycled concrete composite structure has a broad application prospects. In this paper, throughthe test and theoretical methods, the mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycledconcrete columns under low cyclic loading were researched in detail. The design calculationmethods of column were also put forward in this paper.
According to the characteristics of recycled concrete and composite structure, the recycledconcrete materials which met strength requirements were designed and prepared. On theabove basis,17steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were designed and produced inthis paper. The design parameters mainly include recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio,shear span ratio, axial compression ratio and stirrup ratio. Through the low cyclic loading test,the failure processes and modes of the columns were studied and the hysteresis curves andskeleton curves were also analysed in major. On that basis, the seismic capacity, stiffnessdegradation, strength attenuation, energy dissipation capacity, ductility and lateral angles ofcolumns were researched in detail. In addition, the impacts of design parameters on seismicperformance of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were also researched.
Combined with the characteristics of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns andsimplified processes, the OpenSees software was used for simulating the hysteretic behaviors of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns under low cyclic loading. The hysteresis curvesand skeleton curves of columns were obtained. The simulation results and test results werecompared, which verified the rationality of finite element analysis results. On the basis, theinfluences of recycled concrete strength grade, steel strength, steel ratio and stirrup strengthon seismic performance of the columns were analysed in detail.
According to the hysteresis characteristics of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns,the restoring force model which is suitable for the columns was established in this paper. Themodel used the four line of stiffness degradation model which includes the skeleton curvemodel, stiffness degradation and hysteresis rules. Using the theories and statistical regressionmethods, the feature points including cracking point, yield point, peak point and limit point ofskeleton curve model were determined. Besides, the load stiffness and unloading stiffness ofrestoring force model were also given in this paper. The calculation skeleton curves and testskeleton curves were compared, which verifies the rationality of the restoring force model.
On the basis of ductility coefficient, the test value of axial compression ratio which canguarantee the steel reinforced recycled concrete columns having a good seismic performancewere given in this paper. According to the limit compression damage theory of eccentriccompression columns, the calculation methods of limit value of axial compression ratio forthe bending failure columns were given and the limit values of axial compression ratio alsowere obtained combined with the test results. According to the relationship between the axialcompression ratio and ductility coefficient, the limit values of axial compression ratio for theshear failure columns were given. On the beneficial effect of stirrup ratio for the ductility ofcolumns, the limit values of axial compression ratio of steel reinforced recycled concretecolumns were provided under the different stirrup ratio in this paper.
According to the test results, the horizontal bearing capacity of steel reinforced recycledconcrete columns was studied and analyzed the influence of design parameters such as therecycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio andstirrup ratio on the horizontal bearing capacity of columns. On the basis of strain change ruleof steel, stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement in columns, the characteristics and mechanismof horizontal bearing capacity of columns were researched in detail. According to the stressmechanism characteristics of different failure modes of columns, the calculation formulas oftheir corresponding horizontal bearing capacity were given through the theoretical method. And the practical calculation formulas of horizontal bearing capacity for steel reinforcedrecycled concrete columns was also given in this paper.
In accordance with the stress characteristics of steel, the calculation formulas of bondstress between steel and recycled concrete were given. The strain distribution of steel flangeswere obtained through the resistance strain gauges. Analysing the strain distribution laws ofsteel flanges and carrying out the multiple regression analysis for the strain distribution laws,the mathematical description curves of strain distribution of steel flanges were obtained.Through the derivation of the curves, the equivalent bond stress of steel flanges can becalculated by the above calculation formulas. The distribution rules and characteristics ofbond stress of steel reinforced recycled concrete columns were analysed in detail. Accordingto the degradation mechanism and characteristics of bonding in columns under low cyclicloading and combined with test results, the calculation formulas of bond stress degradation ofcolumns were given in this paper.
Combined with test research, the earthquake damage characteristics of steel reinforcedrecycled concrete columns under low cyclic loading were analysed and the earthquakedamage of columns were quantitative processing through the test results. Based on theexisting seismic damage models and combined with the characteristics of columns, theearthquake damage model based on the nonlinear combination of deformation and cumulativeenergy dissipation for steel reinforced recycled concrete columns was established. Thecalculation damage indexes and test damage indexes were compared, which verifies therationality of the earthquake damage model for the columns. Finally, the influences ofrecycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, shear span ratio, axial compression ratio andstirrup ratio on the earthquake damage performance of the columns were analysed detailedly.
引文
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