河床砂卵石介质渗透特性的试验研究及应用
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摘要
黄河取水含沙量高是影响区域地表水资源开发利用的一个难题,而采用人工滤床配合渗渠进行取水,可通过人为调节同时满足取水中质和量两方面的需求,是一种很有推广和应用前景的取水手段,在该技术中如何合理地确定滤床的过滤体型式和结构是取水成败的关键。
文章试图从柳林县黄河滩地原状砂卵石介质的室内大尺度物理模型试验出发,通过分析不同形状和尺度漂石对砂卵石介质渗透能力的影响,构建漂石存在条件下砂卵石介质的渗透模型；然后基于不同级配砂卵石介质的渗透系数试验,从特征粒径指标的角度分析了影响渗透系数的因素及规律,建立了用特征粒径参数预测渗透系数的线性和非线性预报模型；最后对不同砂卵石组合型式对高含沙水的过滤效果进行试验分析,提出了黄河滩地人工滤床推荐的过滤层和支撑层结构,其研究成果可以为山西省乃至全国傍河取高含沙水的滤床工程建设提供技术参考。
论文研究取得的主要成果包括：
(1)漂石存在对砂卵石介质渗流特性影响的临界点为0.177,当渗流水力梯度大于该值后,影响效果越来越显著,反之则基本无影响；漂石的形状、截面积和体积均会对砂卵石介质的渗透系数产生不同的影响,过流界面越粗糙,或截面积越大,或体积越大时,产生的渗流阻力越大,渗流速度就越小;而在漂石存在条件下砂卵石介质的渗流模型可用二次多项式来描述。
(2)单一粒级组的砂卵石介质,随着粒径的减小其渗透系数逐渐降低,而它受压力水头的影响也越来越小；不同级配组合的砂卵石介质,其渗透系数的变化跟介质的特征粒径参数有关,即有效粒径、限制粒径、不均匀系数和曲率系数,而只有在其他参数给定范围的情况下,才能确定渗透系数随某一个参数的变化规律；最后,通过试验研究筛选出渗透性能最优的砂卵石颗粒级配和结构。
(3)通过对大量不同级配砂卵石介质渗透系数的试验数据进行研究,发现可以用特征粒径参数对渗透系数进行预测预报；然后构建了以限制粒径、有效粒径、不均匀系数和曲率系数为自变量的多元线性和非线性回归模型,模型预测值与实测值平均相对误差分别为12.4%和26.2%,说明多元线性回归模型的预测精度较高。
(4)在砂卵石介质人工滤床过滤体的技术参数试验中发现,采用0.25～1.Omm细颗粒介质与土工布复合覆盖层作为主过滤层、等粒径介质分层填筑作为支撑层,其水质和水量均能满足取水要求,且又便于淤泥的机械清除和清洗,阻泥、保渗、清洗效果都很好,是一种值得推荐的过滤型式。
论文的研究中在漂石对砂卵石介质渗流影响分析、利用特征粒径参数预报渗透系数及黄河滩地人工滤床的过滤体型式等方面有所创新。研究提出的人工滤床过滤取水方式可以更便捷的利用黄河高含沙水,是缓解区域水资源供需矛盾的一种新的有效途径。而研究的主要成果都在试验室内取得的,其在工程中的实用性及模型预测的精度等方面需在以后的实践中进一步完善和提高。
This is a problem of high sediment of Yellow River water, which is influence of the area surface water resources development and utilization. However, using artificial filter bed with drainage for getting water can meet the needs of both water quality and quantity by manual adjustments. This getting water means has a promotion and application prospects, which key to success about getting water is how to reasonably determine the body type and structure of filter bed in the technology.
Article attempt with the indoor large scale physical model experiment about original state sandy pebble medium of the Yellow River beach liulin, anglicizing of different shapes and dimensions boulders influence on the penetration ability of sandy pebble medium, building the infiltration model about the sand pebble medium under the condition of existing boulders; Then based on the permeability coefficient test of different graded sand pebble medium, analysis of the factors and rules about affecting the permeability coefficient from the perspective of the characteristic particle size index, setting up the linear and nonlinear prediction model with the permeability coefficient by predicting characteristic particle size parameters; Finally combined type of different sandy pebble to high water containing sand filtering effect experiment analysis, proposed the structure of filter layer and supporting layer, which recommended by artificial filter bed of Yellow River beach, its research results can provide technical reference for filter bed engineering construction about getting the high containing sand water beside the river in Shanxi Province and even the whole country.
The results show that:
(1) the critical point of influence Boulders to sandy pebble medium seepage characteristics is0.177, when seepage gradient is greater than this value, the effect is more and more significant, or no impact conversely. the shape, sectional area and volume of boulders all have different influence on the osmotic coefficient of sand pebble medium, the flow interface more coarse, or the larger the cross-sectional area or volume, the greater the filtrational resistance produce, the smaller the porous flow; the sandy pebble medium seepage model can be described by quadratic polynomial under the condition of boulders exist.
(2)in the single grade group case, with the decrease of the sandy pebble medium size, the osmotic coefficient of sand pebble medium decreased gradually, and the osmotic coefficient is affected by water head is smaller; to different graded sandy pebble medium, the changes of osmotic coefficient associated with sandy pebble grain size characteristics index, this index including effective particle size, confine particle size, nonuniform coefficient and coefficient of curvature. Only under the condition of when the other parameters give a range, the change rule of osmotic coefficient as a certain parameter change is determined; Finally, the best sandy pebble grain size distribution and structure was selected by an experimental study.
(3) Through a lot of different graded sandy pebble medium permeability test data analysis, it be found that the osmotic coefficient can be forecasted by the size characteristics index; then linear and nonlinear simulation model with effective particle size, confine particle size, nonuniform coefficient and coefficient of curvature as independent variable were erected, The average relative error model predicted and the measured values were12.4%and26.2%respectively, it means using multivariate linear regression model for the osmotic coefficient sand pebble prediction had higher accuracy.
(4)it Found that in technology parameters test of sandy pebble medium artificial bed filtration body, taken0.25～1.0mm medium of fine particles and the geotextile composite layer as main filter layer, same particle size medium layered filling as support layer,the water and water yield both meet the requirements, and facilitating silt machinery cleaning and water cleaning, mud resistance, keeping permeability, good cleaning effect, is a kind of filter body type that is worth to recommend.
There are some innovation in this paper, for example, sandy pebble medium model, predict permeability coefficient by particle size characteristics index and the yellow river artificial filter bed type, etc. This study put forward the way of artificial water infiltration bed which can effectively utilize yellow river water which contain sand, is a efficient path to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, the research only carried out in indoor laboratory and needs to be further perfect and supplement in the engineering practice and the accuracy of model prediction.
文章试图从柳林县黄河滩地原状砂卵石介质的室内大尺度物理模型试验出发,通过分析不同形状和尺度漂石对砂卵石介质渗透能力的影响,构建漂石存在条件下砂卵石介质的渗透模型；然后基于不同级配砂卵石介质的渗透系数试验,从特征粒径指标的角度分析了影响渗透系数的因素及规律,建立了用特征粒径参数预测渗透系数的线性和非线性预报模型；最后对不同砂卵石组合型式对高含沙水的过滤效果进行试验分析,提出了黄河滩地人工滤床推荐的过滤层和支撑层结构,其研究成果可以为山西省乃至全国傍河取高含沙水的滤床工程建设提供技术参考。
论文研究取得的主要成果包括：
(1)漂石存在对砂卵石介质渗流特性影响的临界点为0.177,当渗流水力梯度大于该值后,影响效果越来越显著,反之则基本无影响；漂石的形状、截面积和体积均会对砂卵石介质的渗透系数产生不同的影响,过流界面越粗糙,或截面积越大,或体积越大时,产生的渗流阻力越大,渗流速度就越小;而在漂石存在条件下砂卵石介质的渗流模型可用二次多项式来描述。
(2)单一粒级组的砂卵石介质,随着粒径的减小其渗透系数逐渐降低,而它受压力水头的影响也越来越小；不同级配组合的砂卵石介质,其渗透系数的变化跟介质的特征粒径参数有关,即有效粒径、限制粒径、不均匀系数和曲率系数,而只有在其他参数给定范围的情况下,才能确定渗透系数随某一个参数的变化规律；最后,通过试验研究筛选出渗透性能最优的砂卵石颗粒级配和结构。
(3)通过对大量不同级配砂卵石介质渗透系数的试验数据进行研究,发现可以用特征粒径参数对渗透系数进行预测预报；然后构建了以限制粒径、有效粒径、不均匀系数和曲率系数为自变量的多元线性和非线性回归模型,模型预测值与实测值平均相对误差分别为12.4%和26.2%,说明多元线性回归模型的预测精度较高。
(4)在砂卵石介质人工滤床过滤体的技术参数试验中发现,采用0.25～1.Omm细颗粒介质与土工布复合覆盖层作为主过滤层、等粒径介质分层填筑作为支撑层,其水质和水量均能满足取水要求,且又便于淤泥的机械清除和清洗,阻泥、保渗、清洗效果都很好,是一种值得推荐的过滤型式。
论文的研究中在漂石对砂卵石介质渗流影响分析、利用特征粒径参数预报渗透系数及黄河滩地人工滤床的过滤体型式等方面有所创新。研究提出的人工滤床过滤取水方式可以更便捷的利用黄河高含沙水,是缓解区域水资源供需矛盾的一种新的有效途径。而研究的主要成果都在试验室内取得的,其在工程中的实用性及模型预测的精度等方面需在以后的实践中进一步完善和提高。
This is a problem of high sediment of Yellow River water, which is influence of the area surface water resources development and utilization. However, using artificial filter bed with drainage for getting water can meet the needs of both water quality and quantity by manual adjustments. This getting water means has a promotion and application prospects, which key to success about getting water is how to reasonably determine the body type and structure of filter bed in the technology.
Article attempt with the indoor large scale physical model experiment about original state sandy pebble medium of the Yellow River beach liulin, anglicizing of different shapes and dimensions boulders influence on the penetration ability of sandy pebble medium, building the infiltration model about the sand pebble medium under the condition of existing boulders; Then based on the permeability coefficient test of different graded sand pebble medium, analysis of the factors and rules about affecting the permeability coefficient from the perspective of the characteristic particle size index, setting up the linear and nonlinear prediction model with the permeability coefficient by predicting characteristic particle size parameters; Finally combined type of different sandy pebble to high water containing sand filtering effect experiment analysis, proposed the structure of filter layer and supporting layer, which recommended by artificial filter bed of Yellow River beach, its research results can provide technical reference for filter bed engineering construction about getting the high containing sand water beside the river in Shanxi Province and even the whole country.
The results show that:
(1) the critical point of influence Boulders to sandy pebble medium seepage characteristics is0.177, when seepage gradient is greater than this value, the effect is more and more significant, or no impact conversely. the shape, sectional area and volume of boulders all have different influence on the osmotic coefficient of sand pebble medium, the flow interface more coarse, or the larger the cross-sectional area or volume, the greater the filtrational resistance produce, the smaller the porous flow; the sandy pebble medium seepage model can be described by quadratic polynomial under the condition of boulders exist.
(2)in the single grade group case, with the decrease of the sandy pebble medium size, the osmotic coefficient of sand pebble medium decreased gradually, and the osmotic coefficient is affected by water head is smaller; to different graded sandy pebble medium, the changes of osmotic coefficient associated with sandy pebble grain size characteristics index, this index including effective particle size, confine particle size, nonuniform coefficient and coefficient of curvature. Only under the condition of when the other parameters give a range, the change rule of osmotic coefficient as a certain parameter change is determined; Finally, the best sandy pebble grain size distribution and structure was selected by an experimental study.
(3) Through a lot of different graded sandy pebble medium permeability test data analysis, it be found that the osmotic coefficient can be forecasted by the size characteristics index; then linear and nonlinear simulation model with effective particle size, confine particle size, nonuniform coefficient and coefficient of curvature as independent variable were erected, The average relative error model predicted and the measured values were12.4%and26.2%respectively, it means using multivariate linear regression model for the osmotic coefficient sand pebble prediction had higher accuracy.
(4)it Found that in technology parameters test of sandy pebble medium artificial bed filtration body, taken0.25～1.0mm medium of fine particles and the geotextile composite layer as main filter layer, same particle size medium layered filling as support layer,the water and water yield both meet the requirements, and facilitating silt machinery cleaning and water cleaning, mud resistance, keeping permeability, good cleaning effect, is a kind of filter body type that is worth to recommend.
There are some innovation in this paper, for example, sandy pebble medium model, predict permeability coefficient by particle size characteristics index and the yellow river artificial filter bed type, etc. This study put forward the way of artificial water infiltration bed which can effectively utilize yellow river water which contain sand, is a efficient path to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, the research only carried out in indoor laboratory and needs to be further perfect and supplement in the engineering practice and the accuracy of model prediction.
引文
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