基于交通组成的干道交通系统信号控制方法研究
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摘要
交通组成复杂是我国道路交通的一个显著特征。国外先进的城市干道交通信号控制系统均是以单一交通组成为背景建立起来的，应用在我国城市干道虽然较单点定时控制成效显著，但仍然存在水土不服的问题。究其原因有多方面因素，没有考虑到复杂的交通组成情况就是其中原因之一。针对我国城市道路交通组成复杂的情况，国内学者针对单个交叉口提出了一些改进的信号优化控制方法，但对于整条城市干道的交通信号优化控制问题，相关研究还很少。
本文依托国家973课题和国家“十五”科技攻关课题，针对不同交通组成条件下的城市干道交通信号控制问题开展研究，旨在加强信号控制系统应变干道交通流交通组成变化的能力，降低信号交叉口车流延误，提高道路资源的时空利用效率，缓解城市交通拥挤。
课题研究以交通调查、数据分析、理论建模、交通仿真与方法效果评价相结合，从大量调查数据中提取交通组成特征数据对城市干道进行分类，针对每一类城市干道的交通流运行特征，提出相应的信号控制方法；最后依据延误、环境等多方面指标建立交通控制方法效果评价模型，借助交通仿真工具开展对比评价，检验本文提出方法的有效性。
分析典型干道交通信号控制系统和区域信号控制系统在城市干道上应用存在的问题，提出了基于交通组成的城市干道交通信号控制系统解决思路。分析现有各种交通流检测技术的适用条件和检测方法的优缺点，针对我国城市干道的交通组成特点，确定基于交通组成的城市干道交通信号控制系统中应采用基于上游交叉口检测的视频检测技术；从交通组成对车流运行特征的差异出发将城市干道划分成三类，即客运干道、货运干道和客货混行干道。
在分析客运干道路段交通流运行特性基础上，针对大型车组成比例高的客运干道，提出基于上游交叉口检测方法的相位提前与绿灯时间延长公交优先信号控制方法；针对大型车组成比例小于10%的客运干道，针对上、下行车流车速不一致的情况，提出了相位差模型。借助VISSIM仿真软件，选取哈尔滨市北新街作为客运干道进行了案例分析。
分析货运干道大型货车对交通流行车延误的影响；在货运干道饱和流率与车速调查基础上，给出货运干道信号控制中的黄灯时间建议值，推导了货运干道最佳信号周期时长计算公式。借助VISSIM仿真软件，选取大连开发区辽河西路作为货运干道进行了案例分析。
在给出客货混行干道交通信号控制系统的检测方法的基础上，针对客货混行干道交通流运行特点建立交通信号模糊控制模型。根据车队领头车辆类型、车队组成、主次通行方向交通特性及各相位车辆排队长度，采用模糊控制算法确定各相位绿灯延长时间，并对模糊控制器进行设计；根据车队组成及领头车辆类型，确定相位差调整方法。借助VISSIM仿真软件，对客货混行干道进行了案例分析。
选取车辆延误、排队长度、停车次数及空气污染指数作为评价指标向量，提出评价参数的五级分级标准，应用模糊评价理论确定指标的隶属度矩阵，建立城市干道交通系统信号控制效果评价的单准则复合AHP模型，解决了多变量、数据离散的评价问题。应用VISSIM软件，依据评价模型分别采用经典信号控制方法和本文提出的信号控制方法进行对比交通仿真分析。结果表明，在不同交通组成条件下，采用本文提出的信号控制方法能有效降低车辆延误，提高车辆平均速度。
A significant feature of urban traffic lies in a complex traffic composition inChina mainland. In foreign countries, advanced urban traffic signal control systemsare generally constructed on a relative traffic composition and they reaches moreremarkable improvement than general single point based on control method, but stillacclimatized. Actually, this should be contributed to many different factors and thatcomplexity of traffic composition is not taken into account grasps the main hand. Inview of the traffic composition complexity, domestic scholars have made greatefforts to enhance the signal control performance. However, more insights wereemphasized on single intersection. By far, fewer achievements have been reportedabout optimal theory and methods in arterial traffic signal control.
This research paper is supported partially by Major State Basic ResearchDevelopment Program and National Key Technology R&D Program. It focuses onarterial traffic control under different traffic compositions, strengthening the signalcontrol system contingency, according to road traffic flow changes, so as to reducedelays, improve usage efficiency of road resources and ease urban traffic congestion.
The research process combines traffic survey, data analysis, theoreticalmodeling, comprehensive evaluation and traffic simulation. Urban arterials areclassified according to traffic component characteristics induced by data mining.Then, corresponding signal control methods are proposed for each category. In thefollowing content, such indicates as delay and environment indexes, et al, are chosento establish the index system and evaluation model and the proposed control methodsare verified using VISSIM simulation tools.
Existing problems are analyzed about typical artertial traffic signal controlsystem and regional types application and general structure of arterial signal controlsystem based on traffic composition. Existing traffic flow detection technologies arealso discussed and video detection method is chosen for arterial signal traffic whichadapts control strategy according to upper intersection detection result. Urbanarterials are divided into three categories by the difference of traffic operationaffected by traffic composition, namely passenger transport arterial, freight transportarterial and mixed transport arterial.
In the analysis of the passenger traffic flow characteristics of operation, novel signal control method is constructed by signal phase ahead of time and extendedgreen light time for bus priority through upper intersection detection for more trucksfreight arterial. To passenger transport arterial with less than10percent trucksamong all automobiles, phase model is constructed as the signal control tool,considering the automobile velocity difference in different directions. This propsedmodel is verified by VISSIM simulation, taking Beixin str., Harbin, as the passengertransport arterial.
Impact induced by large cargo truck on traffic delays is modeled. Thus thecorresponding yellow light time is put forward for signal control system of freighttransport arterial and the optimized signal cycle model is deduced. This propsedmodel is verified by VISSIM simulation, taking West Liaohe Rd., Dalian DevelopedZone, as the cargo transport arterial.
Traffic detection method is presented for signal control system of mixedtransport arterial and fuzzy control model is established according to the trafficoperation characteristics on mixed transport arterial. Extended green time iscalculated by fuzzy control algorithm and a fuzzy controller is designed on the basisof the leading vehicle type, fleet composition, traffic characteristics of primary andsecondary directions and the queuing length in each phase. Phase is adjusted inaccordance with traffic composition and type of leading vehicle. This model isverified via VISSIM, with Xuefu Rd., Harbin, as the Mixed transport arterial.
Vehicle delay, stopping times, queuing length and API are selected as theevaluation vector and a comprehensive AHP evaluation model is proposed to assessthe constructed signal control method. Typical arterials are chosen to make thesimulation test by VISSUM as Beixin Str. for passenger transport arterial, WestLiaohe Rd. for freight transport arterial and Xuefu Rd. for mixed transport arterial.Comparison is realized between normal signal control method and this proposed one.The simulation result shows that the proposed signal method can decrease the vehicledelay and improve the average velocity significantly and effectively.
本文依托国家973课题和国家“十五”科技攻关课题，针对不同交通组成条件下的城市干道交通信号控制问题开展研究，旨在加强信号控制系统应变干道交通流交通组成变化的能力，降低信号交叉口车流延误，提高道路资源的时空利用效率，缓解城市交通拥挤。
课题研究以交通调查、数据分析、理论建模、交通仿真与方法效果评价相结合，从大量调查数据中提取交通组成特征数据对城市干道进行分类，针对每一类城市干道的交通流运行特征，提出相应的信号控制方法；最后依据延误、环境等多方面指标建立交通控制方法效果评价模型，借助交通仿真工具开展对比评价，检验本文提出方法的有效性。
分析典型干道交通信号控制系统和区域信号控制系统在城市干道上应用存在的问题，提出了基于交通组成的城市干道交通信号控制系统解决思路。分析现有各种交通流检测技术的适用条件和检测方法的优缺点，针对我国城市干道的交通组成特点，确定基于交通组成的城市干道交通信号控制系统中应采用基于上游交叉口检测的视频检测技术；从交通组成对车流运行特征的差异出发将城市干道划分成三类，即客运干道、货运干道和客货混行干道。
在分析客运干道路段交通流运行特性基础上，针对大型车组成比例高的客运干道，提出基于上游交叉口检测方法的相位提前与绿灯时间延长公交优先信号控制方法；针对大型车组成比例小于10%的客运干道，针对上、下行车流车速不一致的情况，提出了相位差模型。借助VISSIM仿真软件，选取哈尔滨市北新街作为客运干道进行了案例分析。
分析货运干道大型货车对交通流行车延误的影响；在货运干道饱和流率与车速调查基础上，给出货运干道信号控制中的黄灯时间建议值，推导了货运干道最佳信号周期时长计算公式。借助VISSIM仿真软件，选取大连开发区辽河西路作为货运干道进行了案例分析。
在给出客货混行干道交通信号控制系统的检测方法的基础上，针对客货混行干道交通流运行特点建立交通信号模糊控制模型。根据车队领头车辆类型、车队组成、主次通行方向交通特性及各相位车辆排队长度，采用模糊控制算法确定各相位绿灯延长时间，并对模糊控制器进行设计；根据车队组成及领头车辆类型，确定相位差调整方法。借助VISSIM仿真软件，对客货混行干道进行了案例分析。
选取车辆延误、排队长度、停车次数及空气污染指数作为评价指标向量，提出评价参数的五级分级标准，应用模糊评价理论确定指标的隶属度矩阵，建立城市干道交通系统信号控制效果评价的单准则复合AHP模型，解决了多变量、数据离散的评价问题。应用VISSIM软件，依据评价模型分别采用经典信号控制方法和本文提出的信号控制方法进行对比交通仿真分析。结果表明，在不同交通组成条件下，采用本文提出的信号控制方法能有效降低车辆延误，提高车辆平均速度。
A significant feature of urban traffic lies in a complex traffic composition inChina mainland. In foreign countries, advanced urban traffic signal control systemsare generally constructed on a relative traffic composition and they reaches moreremarkable improvement than general single point based on control method, but stillacclimatized. Actually, this should be contributed to many different factors and thatcomplexity of traffic composition is not taken into account grasps the main hand. Inview of the traffic composition complexity, domestic scholars have made greatefforts to enhance the signal control performance. However, more insights wereemphasized on single intersection. By far, fewer achievements have been reportedabout optimal theory and methods in arterial traffic signal control.
This research paper is supported partially by Major State Basic ResearchDevelopment Program and National Key Technology R&D Program. It focuses onarterial traffic control under different traffic compositions, strengthening the signalcontrol system contingency, according to road traffic flow changes, so as to reducedelays, improve usage efficiency of road resources and ease urban traffic congestion.
The research process combines traffic survey, data analysis, theoreticalmodeling, comprehensive evaluation and traffic simulation. Urban arterials areclassified according to traffic component characteristics induced by data mining.Then, corresponding signal control methods are proposed for each category. In thefollowing content, such indicates as delay and environment indexes, et al, are chosento establish the index system and evaluation model and the proposed control methodsare verified using VISSIM simulation tools.
Existing problems are analyzed about typical artertial traffic signal controlsystem and regional types application and general structure of arterial signal controlsystem based on traffic composition. Existing traffic flow detection technologies arealso discussed and video detection method is chosen for arterial signal traffic whichadapts control strategy according to upper intersection detection result. Urbanarterials are divided into three categories by the difference of traffic operationaffected by traffic composition, namely passenger transport arterial, freight transportarterial and mixed transport arterial.
In the analysis of the passenger traffic flow characteristics of operation, novel signal control method is constructed by signal phase ahead of time and extendedgreen light time for bus priority through upper intersection detection for more trucksfreight arterial. To passenger transport arterial with less than10percent trucksamong all automobiles, phase model is constructed as the signal control tool,considering the automobile velocity difference in different directions. This propsedmodel is verified by VISSIM simulation, taking Beixin str., Harbin, as the passengertransport arterial.
Impact induced by large cargo truck on traffic delays is modeled. Thus thecorresponding yellow light time is put forward for signal control system of freighttransport arterial and the optimized signal cycle model is deduced. This propsedmodel is verified by VISSIM simulation, taking West Liaohe Rd., Dalian DevelopedZone, as the cargo transport arterial.
Traffic detection method is presented for signal control system of mixedtransport arterial and fuzzy control model is established according to the trafficoperation characteristics on mixed transport arterial. Extended green time iscalculated by fuzzy control algorithm and a fuzzy controller is designed on the basisof the leading vehicle type, fleet composition, traffic characteristics of primary andsecondary directions and the queuing length in each phase. Phase is adjusted inaccordance with traffic composition and type of leading vehicle. This model isverified via VISSIM, with Xuefu Rd., Harbin, as the Mixed transport arterial.
Vehicle delay, stopping times, queuing length and API are selected as theevaluation vector and a comprehensive AHP evaluation model is proposed to assessthe constructed signal control method. Typical arterials are chosen to make thesimulation test by VISSUM as Beixin Str. for passenger transport arterial, WestLiaohe Rd. for freight transport arterial and Xuefu Rd. for mixed transport arterial.Comparison is realized between normal signal control method and this proposed one.The simulation result shows that the proposed signal method can decrease the vehicledelay and improve the average velocity significantly and effectively.
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