我国特大城市生态文明评价指标体系研究
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摘要
中国工业化和城市化的发展,城市生态环境问题日益突出,特别是某些问题严重成为影响城市可持续发展的桎梏。譬如,日益严重的城市噪音污染,以及无法控制的汽车尾气污染,人口增长导致的交通拥挤,重大工程和建筑使得绿地面积减少,工业与居民生活污水排放的污染等问题,到了积重难返的地步。随着中国的城市化发展的加速,城市生态环境问题严重影响人们的生活和生存与发展。
目前学术界研究的一个热点课题是对城市生态环境问题的城市生态文明研究。研究城市生态文明的问题涵盖很多学科研究领域。城市生态文明的研究不仅是一个理论性的学术问题,而且是实践性很强的现实问题。目前关于城市生态文明建设的研究正在逐步展开,也取得一定研究成果,对于城市生态文明的研究总体上来看,目前还是处于研究的起步阶段,有很多内容和问题需要进一步的研究和探讨。
对于生态文明建设的评价研究涉及面很广,评价的指标也千差万别,涉及到多角度、多要素、多学科,建设生态文明衡量标准以及评价指标的确定过程也将是相当复杂和综合性的。而且生态文明的衡量标准和评价指标还面临着地域性和阶段性的问题,在不同的地域条件下,对生态文明的衡量和评价标准也有所不同。由于对评价指标的筛选,目前并没有一个统一的和公认的选取方法。
本文根据中国社会科学重大研究课题的研究内容和提纲,选择城市生态文明视觉作为研究目标。研究工作结合其他前辈的研究成果,试图从政策层面、社会经济层面和科学技术层面等三个角度,进行生态文明指标分析,并通过对三个层面的综合分析,确定了生态文明评价的综合指标。主要是以生态文明指数的设计和计算模型的探讨,通过相关的指标和给指标赋值,然后计算生态文明指数作为评价该地区的生态文明状况。
生态文明评价指标体系构建是为考核生态文明建设成效的有效方式。其每项指标的确定都应该符合最新的发展理念,满足社会主义基本原则,能够体现建设中国特色现代化发展的阶段性要求。由此可知,要想全面反映出的生态建设仅仅用一两个指标是远远不够的,也是说明不了问题,而是需要反映各方面若干个指标来评价。而生态文明指标的筛选应根据生态文明的内涵和特征,构建的生态文明建设水平的指标体系,需要集合这些能够全面的、系统的、简洁的反映生态文明状况的指标。
生态文明建设是一项系统复杂的工程,牵涉面很广,为能高效建设有效管理,能将各个指标有机地结合起来,生态文明建设应遵循以人为本的原则、环境优先的原则和协调发展的原则。同时,从生态文明的研究角度来看,生态文明的建设并非单纯地去征服自然,即可建立美好的环境,需要找的路径是人与自然以及人与人和谐相处,协调发展的可持续的发展道路。本研究就以生态可持续发展理念为出发点,探讨我国生态文明建设,提出了三个假设：“资源节约”假设、“环境友好与生态安全”假设和“制度保障”假设。
本文在综合分析国内外前辈在研究生态文明建设相关成果基础上,深入分析研究生态文明指标体系构建,并对指标权重的重要性有了更深刻的体会,并且逐步确定生态文明建设评价机理、研究假设、评价要素和内容分析,并对不同的生态文明评价方法进行分析比较研究,最终分析得出了生态文明指标评价模型。
在生态文明指标评价模型的研究基础上,本文根据城市生态文明指标体系设计原则,通过对前人研究理论的进一步分析和理解以及对城市生态文明指标进行反复讨论甄选,分析判断,确定了生态环境、生态经济、民生改善、生态文化、基础设施、廉洁高效等方面的评价指标以及分析了其影响因素,最终确定了城市生态文明评价指标体系。
在城市生态文明评价指标体系和指数计算的评价模型的指导下,本文以广州市为例实证研究了针对广州的城市生态文明评价指标模型与方法,对广州市生态文明建设进行了定量评价,进一步推进了城市生态文明评价指标体系的研究。
论文整体包含有七章。每一章节力图能够进行合理的衔接,具体的内容包括：
第一章,绪论。本章主要是对选题和研究内容与结构的探讨,着重分析了研究的过程和探索的方式方法。从国内外前人研究的具体成果出发,通过分析前人的研究方法、写作手法、以及相应的研究积累。以城市生态文明建设为基础,重点分析城市生态文明评价指标体系的建立问题,同时进一步明确了城市生态文明建设的具体内涵和方法,并指出国内外城市生态文明评价体系的发展趋势和存在的局限性,以及我国需要尽快尽力研究针对不同地区的城市生态文明评价指标体系的迫切性和复杂性。最后阐述了文章的创新点和不足。
第二章,生态文明的原理与研究理论。本章主要介绍生态文明的原理与研究理论。生态文明相关理论是本论文研究的理论基础,通过对可持续发展理论、循环经济理论以及城市生态文明理论等重要理论的研究,进一步对城市生态文明进行了明确的界定和特征的描述,为中国国内城市生态文明评价指标体系的研究打下了理论和技术基础,同时本章还涉及到城市生态文明评价指标体系构建的原理,对指标体系设计应该遵循的原则,以及评价指标体系构架和相关的基础数据处理方法。
第三章,生态文明评价的指标选择的角度。本章主要介绍生态文明评价的指标选择。考虑到生态文明的衡量标准和评价指标面临着地域性和阶段性的问题,本章根据研究目标并结合前人研究成果从政策层面、社会经济层面和科学技术层面对生态文明指标进行了分析和指标的筛选以及计算公式的确定,并明确了指标选择的相关原则,最终在三个层面的综合分析之上得出了生态文明评价的综合指标,为城市生态文明评价指标选取打下了基础。
第四章,生态文明指标评价的模型。本章主要介绍生态文明指标评价的模型。通过对国内外生态文明领域的研究成果分析,选择其中有用的指标并遵守相关甄选原则,逐步确定生态文明建设评价机理、研究假设、评价要素和内容分析,并对不同的生态文明评价方法进行分析比较研究,最终为城市生态文明评价指标体系提供参考模型打下基础。
第五章,城市生态文明指标的确定与选择。本章从城市生态文明的基础建设出发,探讨了城市生态文明的构建指标体系原理,并对城市生态文明指标体系的构成要素及其成因进行分析,结合评价指标体系的构建方法,建立体现城市生态文明内涵的指标体系评价模型。
第六章,广州市生态文明实证分析。本章主要探究广州市城市生态文明实证分析。本章以广州市生态文明建设现状为基础,借助城市生态文明发展的数据与指标,明确相关影响因素并运用分析建立的城市生态文明评价指标体系具体分析广州市生态文明状况,得出结论,并通过对结论的分析比较提出相应的城市生态文明发展政策建议。
第七章,结论与展望。本章提炼和总结论文研究的结论,指出论文研究的不足和有待完善的问题。
论文围绕生态文明与社会发展阶段的关系进行研究,并通过对生态文明指标体系的研究和应用分析,以及结合城市的不同类型、规模、发展阶段、城市地位、内涵等具体情况分析研究了建立科学合理城市生态文明评价指标体系的问题。论文的创新点主要的表现在以下几个方面：
1、论文是国家社科重大科研项目的一个研究部分,论文选题的研究立足点是基于“我国特大城市生态文明指标评价体系”,首次从我国特大城市的生态文明角度研究相关的问题；
2、论文第一次对城市生态文明的指标体系进行比较规范的研究,力图从政府决策层面、社会经济指标和数据层面、科学技术层面的三个方面,确定具体的城市生态文明指标,分析各个指标的含义与影响因子；
3、论文第一次以广州市为例,运用所设计的城市生态文明指标评价体系进行分析,参照相关的研究成果,对广州市的生态文明状况进行分析和确定。
论文将理论分析与实践环节运用有机结合,研究工作所涉及的理论比较多,相关的分析方法也不尽相同,在具体的研究过程中不能对所有的理论与分析方法都逐一试用和阐述,有些分析也具有一定的局限性。同时,论文尝试以广州市为例进行的模型设计的检验,只是一种探索,不能全面地、系统地验证城市生态文明指标评价模型。作者试图通过研究,探索出一套可以直接使用的城市生态文明指标评价体系和评价模型,有关使用效果和各个城市认可度的问题,有待在今后在具体的实践和进一步的研究工作中验证和完善。
With the development of China's industrialization and urbanization, the urban ecological environmental problems have been increasing prominently, and even become the shackles of urban sustainable development. For example, the noise pollution is increasing seriously in cities; the automobile exhaust pollution is hard to control; population growth causes traffic congestion; major engineering and construction makes green space area reduce; industrial and living sewage pollution causes environment problem; all these problems have been very serious and need to be solved. With the acceleration of Chinese urbanization, the urban ecological environmental problems have a seriously bad influence on people's life and development.
At present, academia has a hot research topic that is urban ecological civilization, which belongs to urban ecological environmental problems. The research of urban ecological civilization covers many disciplines. It is not only an academic problem, but also a theoretical and practical problem. Moreover, the research on urban ecological civilization is developing gradually, and it has achieved certain results. However, looking from the overall of the research, it is just in start-up phase and there are many problems need to research and discuss.
In view of the evaluation of ecological civilization, it involves thousands ways, and its evaluation indexes are also in big difference, which contains multi-factors, multi-disciplines and multi-perspectives. Constructing the measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization will also be quite complicated and comprehensive. At the same time, the construction of measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization faces regional and periodic problem, that is to say, different geographical conditions need different measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization. And in view of the selection of evaluation indexes, there is no unified and popular recognized selecting means.
According to the research contents and outlines of great subjects in Chinese social scientific researches, this paper chooses the perspective of urban ecological civilization as the research topic. Combined with previous research results, this paper tries to take an analysis of the indexes of ecological civilization from three levels, which are policy level, social economy level and science and technology level. And through the comprehensive analysis of three levels, it tries to determine the comprehensive index for the evaluation of ecological civilization. Comprehensive index is mainly aimed at the design of ecological civilization index and the exploration of calculation model. And then, through the relevant indexes and index assignment, the comprehensive index works out the value of the ecological civilization indexes to evaluate the region's conditions of ecological civilization.
The construction of evaluation index system of ecological civilization is an effective way to examine the effect of ecological civilization construction. The determination of its each index ought to conform to the latest concept of development and meet the basic principles of socialism, so that it can reflect the requirements of constructing China's modernization. Therefore, only one or two indexes cannot fully reflect the ecological construction, and it needs a number of indexes to reflect all aspects of the ecological construction. And the screening of ecological civilization indexes should obey the connotation and characteristics of ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization index system needs to gather the indexes which can synthetically and systematically reflect the ecological civilization.
The construction of ecological civilization is a complicated system, and its impact is very wide. In view of efficient construction and management, ecological civilization construction ought to integrate each index organically and follow the people-centered principle, environmental priority principle and coordinated development principle. At the same time, according to the perspective of ecological civilization, the construction of ecological civilization is not to conquer nature to create good environment, but to need finding out a sustainable development way in which people and people as well as people and nature are developing in harmony. Taking the concept of ecological sustainable development as a start point, this research tries to explore China's ecological civilization construction and puts forward three hypotheses, which are "resource saving" hypothesis,"environmentally friendly and ecological security" hypothesis and "institutional guarantee" hypothesis.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of previous achievements of ecological civilization construction, this paper takes a deep analysis of the construction of ecological civilization index system and the importance of index weight. And it attempts to determine the evaluation mechanism, research hypotheses, evaluation elements and content analysis of ecological civilization construction. It also carries on the analysis of putting the different ecological civilization evaluation means into comparison, and finally makes the evaluation index model of ecological civilization come out.
On the Basis of the research of evaluation index model of ecological civilization and according to the designed principles of urban ecological civilization index system, this paper takes a further analysis and understanding of urban ecological civilization index system. And through repeated selection and discussion, it has determined six indexes, which are ecological environment, ecological economy, people's livelihood improvement, ecological culture, infrastructure and clean and efficient, as the evaluation index, and has finally relied on them to put out the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization.
Under the guidance of evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization and evaluation model of index calculation, this paper takes Guangzhou as a case to undertake an empirical research, which is mainly aimed at the evaluation index model and evaluation method of urban ecological civilization in Guangzhou. It also gives the quantitative evaluation of ecological civilization construction in Guangzhou and further promotes the research of evaluation index system.
This paper has seven chapters in total. Each chapter tries to be able to link up reasonably, and the specific contents are as follows:
Chapter1is introduction. This chapter is mainly to explore the selected topic and the research content and structure. It focuses on the process of analysis and the research methods. According to previous research methods, writing methods and research achievements, this chapter is on the basis of ecological civilization construction to analyze the problem of establishing the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization. At the same time, this chapter has further clarified the specific connotation and methods of urban ecological civilization construction, and it points out the development trend and limitations of urban ecological civilization evaluation system in domestic and abroad. Moreover, this chapter also puts it out that our China needs to do our best to establish the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization, which can be used in different cities. Finally, this chapter introduces the innovations and shortcomings of this paper.
Chapter2introduces the principles of ecological civilization and research theories. The theory of ecological civilization is the theoretical basis of this paper. According to the research of sustainable development theory, circular economy theory and eco-city theory, this paper has further cleared the definition of urban ecological civilization and described its characteristics, which sets a theoretical and technical base for the research of ecological civilization evaluation index system in China. At the same time, this chapter also involves the principles, system architecture and data processing methods of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter3is main about the index selection of ecological civilization evaluation. Considering that the measure standards and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization face the territorial and periodic problems, this chapter is combined with previous research results to undertake an analysis of ecological civilization index, which is from the policy level, social economy and science and technology level. And also, it has screened the indexes and determined the calculation formula of urban ecological civilization evaluation. At the same time, based on the synthetical analysis of three levels, this chapter has cleared the principles of index selection, and finally obtained the comprehensive index of ecological civilization evaluation, which set a base for the index selection of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter4mainly introduces the model of ecological civilization evaluation. Through analyzing domestic and foreign previous research achievements in ecological civilization, this chapter obeys the selection principles and selects some useful indexes to determine the evaluation mechanism, research hypotheses, evaluation elements and content analysis of ecological civilization construction step by step. And this chapter puts the different evaluation methods of ecological civilization evaluation in comparison, and finally provides some reference for constructing the model of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter5is main about the determination and selection of urban ecological civilization index. Starting from the basis of ecological civilization construction, this chapter has discussed the principles of evaluation index system, and it takes an analysis of the constituent elements and reasons of the evaluation index system. And this chapter, which combines with the construction method of evaluation index system, has established the evaluation model that reflects the connotation of urban ecological civilization.
Chapter6introduces the empirical analysis on ecological civilization in Guangzhou. On the basis of the ecological civilization construction situation in Guangzhou, this paper, which has the aid of the data and indexes of urban ecological civilization, has cleared the influence factors and utilized the established evaluation index system to analyze the specific ecological civilization conditions in Guangzhou. And by use of the conclusion, it puts forward the policy recommendations of developing the urban ecological civilization in Guangzhou.
Chapter7is main about the paper's conclusion and prospect. This chapter refines and summarizes the research, and points out the shortcomings and insufficiency of this paper.
Surrounding the relationship between ecological civilization and social development stage, the paper takes a research and analysis on the index system of ecological civilization. At the same time, combined with the city's different type, size, development stage, city status and connotation, the paper has analyzed the problem of establishing the scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization. The innovations of this paper are as follows:
1)The research of paper is a part of the national social scientific key projects. Based on the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization, the paper is, for the first time, undertaking the research from the perspective of urban ecological civilization.
2)The paper carries on a normative research of urban ecological civilization index system for the first time. And it tries to determine the specific index of urban ecological civilization from three levels, which are policy level, social economy level and science and technology level, to analyze the meaning and impact factors of each index.
3)The paper, for the first time, uses Guangzhou as a case. It also utilizes the designed urban ecological civilization evaluation index system and refers to relevant research results to analyze and determine the conditions of ecological civilization in Guangzhou.
The paper combines theoretical analysis with practical utilization. There are many theories involved in the research and the analysis methods are also in difference. However, in the process of research, the paper cannot provide all the theories and analysis methods with specific utilization and explain one by one. So some analysis has a certain limitations. At the same time, the work that this paper tries to use Guangzhou as a case to undertake the model design is just a kind of exploration, and it cannot fully and systematically verify the evaluation index model of urban ecological civilization. Through the research, author tries to dig out a set of urban ecological civilization evaluation index system and evaluation model. And this work needs to be improved in the concrete practice and further research work.
目前学术界研究的一个热点课题是对城市生态环境问题的城市生态文明研究。研究城市生态文明的问题涵盖很多学科研究领域。城市生态文明的研究不仅是一个理论性的学术问题,而且是实践性很强的现实问题。目前关于城市生态文明建设的研究正在逐步展开,也取得一定研究成果,对于城市生态文明的研究总体上来看,目前还是处于研究的起步阶段,有很多内容和问题需要进一步的研究和探讨。
对于生态文明建设的评价研究涉及面很广,评价的指标也千差万别,涉及到多角度、多要素、多学科,建设生态文明衡量标准以及评价指标的确定过程也将是相当复杂和综合性的。而且生态文明的衡量标准和评价指标还面临着地域性和阶段性的问题,在不同的地域条件下,对生态文明的衡量和评价标准也有所不同。由于对评价指标的筛选,目前并没有一个统一的和公认的选取方法。
本文根据中国社会科学重大研究课题的研究内容和提纲,选择城市生态文明视觉作为研究目标。研究工作结合其他前辈的研究成果,试图从政策层面、社会经济层面和科学技术层面等三个角度,进行生态文明指标分析,并通过对三个层面的综合分析,确定了生态文明评价的综合指标。主要是以生态文明指数的设计和计算模型的探讨,通过相关的指标和给指标赋值,然后计算生态文明指数作为评价该地区的生态文明状况。
生态文明评价指标体系构建是为考核生态文明建设成效的有效方式。其每项指标的确定都应该符合最新的发展理念,满足社会主义基本原则,能够体现建设中国特色现代化发展的阶段性要求。由此可知,要想全面反映出的生态建设仅仅用一两个指标是远远不够的,也是说明不了问题,而是需要反映各方面若干个指标来评价。而生态文明指标的筛选应根据生态文明的内涵和特征,构建的生态文明建设水平的指标体系,需要集合这些能够全面的、系统的、简洁的反映生态文明状况的指标。
生态文明建设是一项系统复杂的工程,牵涉面很广,为能高效建设有效管理,能将各个指标有机地结合起来,生态文明建设应遵循以人为本的原则、环境优先的原则和协调发展的原则。同时,从生态文明的研究角度来看,生态文明的建设并非单纯地去征服自然,即可建立美好的环境,需要找的路径是人与自然以及人与人和谐相处,协调发展的可持续的发展道路。本研究就以生态可持续发展理念为出发点,探讨我国生态文明建设,提出了三个假设：“资源节约”假设、“环境友好与生态安全”假设和“制度保障”假设。
本文在综合分析国内外前辈在研究生态文明建设相关成果基础上,深入分析研究生态文明指标体系构建,并对指标权重的重要性有了更深刻的体会,并且逐步确定生态文明建设评价机理、研究假设、评价要素和内容分析,并对不同的生态文明评价方法进行分析比较研究,最终分析得出了生态文明指标评价模型。
在生态文明指标评价模型的研究基础上,本文根据城市生态文明指标体系设计原则,通过对前人研究理论的进一步分析和理解以及对城市生态文明指标进行反复讨论甄选,分析判断,确定了生态环境、生态经济、民生改善、生态文化、基础设施、廉洁高效等方面的评价指标以及分析了其影响因素,最终确定了城市生态文明评价指标体系。
在城市生态文明评价指标体系和指数计算的评价模型的指导下,本文以广州市为例实证研究了针对广州的城市生态文明评价指标模型与方法,对广州市生态文明建设进行了定量评价,进一步推进了城市生态文明评价指标体系的研究。
论文整体包含有七章。每一章节力图能够进行合理的衔接,具体的内容包括：
第一章,绪论。本章主要是对选题和研究内容与结构的探讨,着重分析了研究的过程和探索的方式方法。从国内外前人研究的具体成果出发,通过分析前人的研究方法、写作手法、以及相应的研究积累。以城市生态文明建设为基础,重点分析城市生态文明评价指标体系的建立问题,同时进一步明确了城市生态文明建设的具体内涵和方法,并指出国内外城市生态文明评价体系的发展趋势和存在的局限性,以及我国需要尽快尽力研究针对不同地区的城市生态文明评价指标体系的迫切性和复杂性。最后阐述了文章的创新点和不足。
第二章,生态文明的原理与研究理论。本章主要介绍生态文明的原理与研究理论。生态文明相关理论是本论文研究的理论基础,通过对可持续发展理论、循环经济理论以及城市生态文明理论等重要理论的研究,进一步对城市生态文明进行了明确的界定和特征的描述,为中国国内城市生态文明评价指标体系的研究打下了理论和技术基础,同时本章还涉及到城市生态文明评价指标体系构建的原理,对指标体系设计应该遵循的原则,以及评价指标体系构架和相关的基础数据处理方法。
第三章,生态文明评价的指标选择的角度。本章主要介绍生态文明评价的指标选择。考虑到生态文明的衡量标准和评价指标面临着地域性和阶段性的问题,本章根据研究目标并结合前人研究成果从政策层面、社会经济层面和科学技术层面对生态文明指标进行了分析和指标的筛选以及计算公式的确定,并明确了指标选择的相关原则,最终在三个层面的综合分析之上得出了生态文明评价的综合指标,为城市生态文明评价指标选取打下了基础。
第四章,生态文明指标评价的模型。本章主要介绍生态文明指标评价的模型。通过对国内外生态文明领域的研究成果分析,选择其中有用的指标并遵守相关甄选原则,逐步确定生态文明建设评价机理、研究假设、评价要素和内容分析,并对不同的生态文明评价方法进行分析比较研究,最终为城市生态文明评价指标体系提供参考模型打下基础。
第五章,城市生态文明指标的确定与选择。本章从城市生态文明的基础建设出发,探讨了城市生态文明的构建指标体系原理,并对城市生态文明指标体系的构成要素及其成因进行分析,结合评价指标体系的构建方法,建立体现城市生态文明内涵的指标体系评价模型。
第六章,广州市生态文明实证分析。本章主要探究广州市城市生态文明实证分析。本章以广州市生态文明建设现状为基础,借助城市生态文明发展的数据与指标,明确相关影响因素并运用分析建立的城市生态文明评价指标体系具体分析广州市生态文明状况,得出结论,并通过对结论的分析比较提出相应的城市生态文明发展政策建议。
第七章,结论与展望。本章提炼和总结论文研究的结论,指出论文研究的不足和有待完善的问题。
论文围绕生态文明与社会发展阶段的关系进行研究,并通过对生态文明指标体系的研究和应用分析,以及结合城市的不同类型、规模、发展阶段、城市地位、内涵等具体情况分析研究了建立科学合理城市生态文明评价指标体系的问题。论文的创新点主要的表现在以下几个方面：
1、论文是国家社科重大科研项目的一个研究部分,论文选题的研究立足点是基于“我国特大城市生态文明指标评价体系”,首次从我国特大城市的生态文明角度研究相关的问题；
2、论文第一次对城市生态文明的指标体系进行比较规范的研究,力图从政府决策层面、社会经济指标和数据层面、科学技术层面的三个方面,确定具体的城市生态文明指标,分析各个指标的含义与影响因子；
3、论文第一次以广州市为例,运用所设计的城市生态文明指标评价体系进行分析,参照相关的研究成果,对广州市的生态文明状况进行分析和确定。
论文将理论分析与实践环节运用有机结合,研究工作所涉及的理论比较多,相关的分析方法也不尽相同,在具体的研究过程中不能对所有的理论与分析方法都逐一试用和阐述,有些分析也具有一定的局限性。同时,论文尝试以广州市为例进行的模型设计的检验,只是一种探索,不能全面地、系统地验证城市生态文明指标评价模型。作者试图通过研究,探索出一套可以直接使用的城市生态文明指标评价体系和评价模型,有关使用效果和各个城市认可度的问题,有待在今后在具体的实践和进一步的研究工作中验证和完善。
With the development of China's industrialization and urbanization, the urban ecological environmental problems have been increasing prominently, and even become the shackles of urban sustainable development. For example, the noise pollution is increasing seriously in cities; the automobile exhaust pollution is hard to control; population growth causes traffic congestion; major engineering and construction makes green space area reduce; industrial and living sewage pollution causes environment problem; all these problems have been very serious and need to be solved. With the acceleration of Chinese urbanization, the urban ecological environmental problems have a seriously bad influence on people's life and development.
At present, academia has a hot research topic that is urban ecological civilization, which belongs to urban ecological environmental problems. The research of urban ecological civilization covers many disciplines. It is not only an academic problem, but also a theoretical and practical problem. Moreover, the research on urban ecological civilization is developing gradually, and it has achieved certain results. However, looking from the overall of the research, it is just in start-up phase and there are many problems need to research and discuss.
In view of the evaluation of ecological civilization, it involves thousands ways, and its evaluation indexes are also in big difference, which contains multi-factors, multi-disciplines and multi-perspectives. Constructing the measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization will also be quite complicated and comprehensive. At the same time, the construction of measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization faces regional and periodic problem, that is to say, different geographical conditions need different measures and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization. And in view of the selection of evaluation indexes, there is no unified and popular recognized selecting means.
According to the research contents and outlines of great subjects in Chinese social scientific researches, this paper chooses the perspective of urban ecological civilization as the research topic. Combined with previous research results, this paper tries to take an analysis of the indexes of ecological civilization from three levels, which are policy level, social economy level and science and technology level. And through the comprehensive analysis of three levels, it tries to determine the comprehensive index for the evaluation of ecological civilization. Comprehensive index is mainly aimed at the design of ecological civilization index and the exploration of calculation model. And then, through the relevant indexes and index assignment, the comprehensive index works out the value of the ecological civilization indexes to evaluate the region's conditions of ecological civilization.
The construction of evaluation index system of ecological civilization is an effective way to examine the effect of ecological civilization construction. The determination of its each index ought to conform to the latest concept of development and meet the basic principles of socialism, so that it can reflect the requirements of constructing China's modernization. Therefore, only one or two indexes cannot fully reflect the ecological construction, and it needs a number of indexes to reflect all aspects of the ecological construction. And the screening of ecological civilization indexes should obey the connotation and characteristics of ecological civilization. The construction of ecological civilization index system needs to gather the indexes which can synthetically and systematically reflect the ecological civilization.
The construction of ecological civilization is a complicated system, and its impact is very wide. In view of efficient construction and management, ecological civilization construction ought to integrate each index organically and follow the people-centered principle, environmental priority principle and coordinated development principle. At the same time, according to the perspective of ecological civilization, the construction of ecological civilization is not to conquer nature to create good environment, but to need finding out a sustainable development way in which people and people as well as people and nature are developing in harmony. Taking the concept of ecological sustainable development as a start point, this research tries to explore China's ecological civilization construction and puts forward three hypotheses, which are "resource saving" hypothesis,"environmentally friendly and ecological security" hypothesis and "institutional guarantee" hypothesis.
Based on the comprehensive analysis of previous achievements of ecological civilization construction, this paper takes a deep analysis of the construction of ecological civilization index system and the importance of index weight. And it attempts to determine the evaluation mechanism, research hypotheses, evaluation elements and content analysis of ecological civilization construction. It also carries on the analysis of putting the different ecological civilization evaluation means into comparison, and finally makes the evaluation index model of ecological civilization come out.
On the Basis of the research of evaluation index model of ecological civilization and according to the designed principles of urban ecological civilization index system, this paper takes a further analysis and understanding of urban ecological civilization index system. And through repeated selection and discussion, it has determined six indexes, which are ecological environment, ecological economy, people's livelihood improvement, ecological culture, infrastructure and clean and efficient, as the evaluation index, and has finally relied on them to put out the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization.
Under the guidance of evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization and evaluation model of index calculation, this paper takes Guangzhou as a case to undertake an empirical research, which is mainly aimed at the evaluation index model and evaluation method of urban ecological civilization in Guangzhou. It also gives the quantitative evaluation of ecological civilization construction in Guangzhou and further promotes the research of evaluation index system.
This paper has seven chapters in total. Each chapter tries to be able to link up reasonably, and the specific contents are as follows:
Chapter1is introduction. This chapter is mainly to explore the selected topic and the research content and structure. It focuses on the process of analysis and the research methods. According to previous research methods, writing methods and research achievements, this chapter is on the basis of ecological civilization construction to analyze the problem of establishing the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization. At the same time, this chapter has further clarified the specific connotation and methods of urban ecological civilization construction, and it points out the development trend and limitations of urban ecological civilization evaluation system in domestic and abroad. Moreover, this chapter also puts it out that our China needs to do our best to establish the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization, which can be used in different cities. Finally, this chapter introduces the innovations and shortcomings of this paper.
Chapter2introduces the principles of ecological civilization and research theories. The theory of ecological civilization is the theoretical basis of this paper. According to the research of sustainable development theory, circular economy theory and eco-city theory, this paper has further cleared the definition of urban ecological civilization and described its characteristics, which sets a theoretical and technical base for the research of ecological civilization evaluation index system in China. At the same time, this chapter also involves the principles, system architecture and data processing methods of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter3is main about the index selection of ecological civilization evaluation. Considering that the measure standards and evaluation indexes of ecological civilization face the territorial and periodic problems, this chapter is combined with previous research results to undertake an analysis of ecological civilization index, which is from the policy level, social economy and science and technology level. And also, it has screened the indexes and determined the calculation formula of urban ecological civilization evaluation. At the same time, based on the synthetical analysis of three levels, this chapter has cleared the principles of index selection, and finally obtained the comprehensive index of ecological civilization evaluation, which set a base for the index selection of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter4mainly introduces the model of ecological civilization evaluation. Through analyzing domestic and foreign previous research achievements in ecological civilization, this chapter obeys the selection principles and selects some useful indexes to determine the evaluation mechanism, research hypotheses, evaluation elements and content analysis of ecological civilization construction step by step. And this chapter puts the different evaluation methods of ecological civilization evaluation in comparison, and finally provides some reference for constructing the model of urban ecological civilization evaluation.
Chapter5is main about the determination and selection of urban ecological civilization index. Starting from the basis of ecological civilization construction, this chapter has discussed the principles of evaluation index system, and it takes an analysis of the constituent elements and reasons of the evaluation index system. And this chapter, which combines with the construction method of evaluation index system, has established the evaluation model that reflects the connotation of urban ecological civilization.
Chapter6introduces the empirical analysis on ecological civilization in Guangzhou. On the basis of the ecological civilization construction situation in Guangzhou, this paper, which has the aid of the data and indexes of urban ecological civilization, has cleared the influence factors and utilized the established evaluation index system to analyze the specific ecological civilization conditions in Guangzhou. And by use of the conclusion, it puts forward the policy recommendations of developing the urban ecological civilization in Guangzhou.
Chapter7is main about the paper's conclusion and prospect. This chapter refines and summarizes the research, and points out the shortcomings and insufficiency of this paper.
Surrounding the relationship between ecological civilization and social development stage, the paper takes a research and analysis on the index system of ecological civilization. At the same time, combined with the city's different type, size, development stage, city status and connotation, the paper has analyzed the problem of establishing the scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization. The innovations of this paper are as follows:
1)The research of paper is a part of the national social scientific key projects. Based on the evaluation index system of urban ecological civilization, the paper is, for the first time, undertaking the research from the perspective of urban ecological civilization.
2)The paper carries on a normative research of urban ecological civilization index system for the first time. And it tries to determine the specific index of urban ecological civilization from three levels, which are policy level, social economy level and science and technology level, to analyze the meaning and impact factors of each index.
3)The paper, for the first time, uses Guangzhou as a case. It also utilizes the designed urban ecological civilization evaluation index system and refers to relevant research results to analyze and determine the conditions of ecological civilization in Guangzhou.
The paper combines theoretical analysis with practical utilization. There are many theories involved in the research and the analysis methods are also in difference. However, in the process of research, the paper cannot provide all the theories and analysis methods with specific utilization and explain one by one. So some analysis has a certain limitations. At the same time, the work that this paper tries to use Guangzhou as a case to undertake the model design is just a kind of exploration, and it cannot fully and systematically verify the evaluation index model of urban ecological civilization. Through the research, author tries to dig out a set of urban ecological civilization evaluation index system and evaluation model. And this work needs to be improved in the concrete practice and further research work.
引文
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