吐哈油田企业信息化模型与方法研究
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摘要
21世纪是信息时代,信息化己成为企业现代化的重要标志,国内油田企业更是积极投身于信息化建设浪潮之中。经过近十几年的飞速发展与不断完善,中国三大石油集团公司及其下属的各地区级油田企业的信息化均取得了长足进步,信息化规模不断扩大,信息化深度持续拓展,信息化水平持续保持央企先进地位。但是,国内地区级油田企业信息化发展并不均衡,一些油田企业信息化尚处于初级阶段(诺兰模型的起步和蔓延期),部分开始步入中级阶段(控制和集成期),只有大庆汕田、新疆油田和胜利油田等极少数开始进入高级阶段(优化和成熟期)。
吐哈油田企业是中国石油旗下的一个地区级油田企业,从20世纪90年代初开始大规模勘探开发建设以来,信息技术对其发展产生了重要的影响,尤其是进入21世纪,吐哈油田企业信息化进一步加快,网络基础设施建设不断加强,数字油田、勘探开发数据仓库、勘探开发一体化平台等大型综合信息系统或平台先后建设并不断发展,试验数据中心系统、录井远传系统等专业数据库、源头采集及综合应用系统成功建设应用并持续优化,A1、A2、ERP等集团公司统一推广项目积极开展并创新应用。发展至今,吐哈油田的信息化成熟度已逐步上升到了第四级(IMM模型的战略支持级),开始进入高级阶段(诺兰模型的优化和成熟期),信息化建设取得显著成效。
目前,我国油田企业在信息化思想观念、信息化组织管理、信息技术总体应用水平、数据采集与管理方面、跨学科系统集成和综合分析研究能力等方面与国际知名的石油大公司相比还有一定差距,吐哈油田也不例外。此外,与新疆油田等几个信息化领先的国内油田企业相比,吐哈油田的信息化建设也存在五个方面的差距和不足：(1)IT战略与企业战略结合还不够紧密,IT战略在企业战略中的地位还不够重要和突出。(2)公司各级领导对信息化的认识还不够充分,信息化“一把手”工程还没有完全落到实处。(3)信息化组织机构还不够健全,激励机制不够有效,整体信息技术力量尚显薄弱。(4)数据中心建设相对滞后,数字吐哈建设力度不够,知识管理刚刚起步。(5)企业信息化流程重组与再造不足,勘探开发一体化信息化平台与协同工作机制还未有效形成。
吐哈油田企业信息化中存在的上述差距、问题和不足,有吐哈油田企业自身战略、规模、环境条件、管理体制、工作机制和传统观念等因素的影响,也有其信息化发展战略、阶段进程、信息技术水平和人员素质等因素的制约,但综合研究分析吐哈油田企业信息化现状水平及上述问题与影响因素后发现：影响吐哈油田企业信息化科学有效发展的主要原因(或问题)是缺乏系统、完整、科学、适用的油田企业信息化方法论和模型体系的指导和规范。正因如此,吐哈油田企业信息化才会在蓬勃发展的同时存在许多问题与不足,才会在整体发展上与国内外信息化先进的油田企业存在不小差距。
吐哈油田企业信息化目前存在的上述差距和不足,其实也是国内其他许多油田企业普遍存在的问题,因此,总结吐哈油田企业信息化建设的经验与不足,探索和优化吐哈油田企业信息化模型和方法,不仅对吐哈油田企业今后的信息化建设有积极的推动作用,而且也将为国内其它油田企业信息化提供一些有益的参考和借鉴。因此,开展《吐哈油田企业信息化模型与方法研究》工作不仅十分必要,也非常重要。
本论文在系统科学及系统工程、信息科学及信息工程、地质信息科学及地质信息技术、大成智慧科学及大成智慧工程等技术科学和工程技术方法论指导下,运用文献(资料)调查研究法、描述性研究法、概念分析法、比较研究法、系统研究法、分析综合法、抽象概括法等研究方法,沿着选定课题——系统梳理——现状分析——模型研究——方法论探讨——完成论文的技术路线展开相关研究工作。
通过研究和探讨,本文取得了三个方面的主要创新点：(1)根据油田企业信息化特征规律及研究需求,借鉴已有的相关定义或解释,主要对尚未明确定义的油田企业信息化、油田企业信息化模型、油田企业信息化战略模型、油田企业信息化管理模型、油田企业信息化技术模型和油田企业信息化方法论等六个油田企业信息化相关概念进行了较系统、科学的辨析,在此基础上给出了较完整、明确的新定义,为本文研究及他人借鉴提供了重要的理论依据。(2)对吐哈油田企业相关信息化模型进行了较系统的归类、研究和完善,并创新构建起一套相对系统、科学和实用的吐哈油田企业信息化模型体系——SMEAT模型体系。该模型体系主要由信息化战略模型、管理模型、技术模型、实施模型和应用模型五大类模型组成。其中,战略模型(S)居于SMEAT模型体系的中心位置,它是其它四大模型的纲领、方向和原则,同时,其它模型的研究与实践成果也在不断地充实和完善战略模型；管理模型(M)、实施模型(E)、应用模型(A)和技术模型(T)四大模型则环绕在战略模型周围,在战略模型的统领下各自发挥着重要的作用,而且这四大模型之间也息息相关、密不可分。(3)本文在系统分析研究吐哈油田企业信息化方法论研究与应用现状的基础上,借鉴钱学森等的系统科学的体系及现代科学技术体系结构模式,创新构建了一套吐哈油田企业信息化方法论体系,以更好地指导吐哈油田企业信息化。该方法论体系横向上从左到右,依次包含哲学、基础科学及技术科学、相关工程技术、相关工程技术方法论、油田企业信息化工程方法论及其主要应用领域五大部分；纵向上依次列出了各大部分的主要组成内容,较系统合理地展现了吐哈油田企业信息化方法论体系的主要内容以及它们之间的关系结构。
此外,本文概括总结出五点研究认识：(1)油田企业信息化方法论研究和应用的力度需进一步加大。油田企业信息化过程中已应用了一些方法论来指导具体的信息化建设工作,许多专家学者也对油田企业信息化方法论做过一些研究和应用探索,但还不够系统,不够深入,远没有达成共识,没有形成合力。(2)油田企业信息化战略与企业战略融合工作需进一步加强。国内一些油田企业的信息化战略与企业战略并非十分协调融合,有的信息化战略并没有完全基于企业发展目标与经营战略而制定,有的没有根据企业战略的变化及时调整信息化战略,有的出现信息化战略与企业战略相脱节的情况,更为突出的问题是普遍没有真正意义上的CIO,导致再好的企业信息化战略也无法真正有效实施。(3)油田企业信息化流程再造和业务重组力度需进一步加大。当前的信息革命不仅仅是信息技术的革命,更重要的是管理理念和技术的革命,油田企业只有在信息化的同时配套进行企业流程再造、业务重组、管理理念和技术以及研究和生产方式的创新、升级,才能真正发挥信息技术的作用,才能确保油田企业信息化本质目标的早日实现,目前国内油田企业普遍在这方面做得不够。(4)油田勘探开发核心业务信息化的主体地位需进一步突出。国内油田企业应该学习借鉴国外石油公司的信息化模型(或模式),进一步突出油田勘探开发核心业务和主工作流程信息化的主体地位,集中精力和资源首先把油气勘探开发核心业务和主工作流程的信息化做强、做深、做精,然后兼顾做好其它业务领域的信息化建设,避免全面开花、表面繁荣,却远离信息化本质目标情况的出现或持续。(5)专业人员在油田企业信息化中的重要作用需进一步强调。信息技术中最核心的应该是“信息”而非“技术”,油田企业中勘探开发等主专业技术人员才是对油田地质信息最了解,也是最迫切进一步认识的人员,这些“信息”的真正拥有者和使用者们才是当前信息革命的主角,主导油田企业信息化的人应该是主专业人员而非信息技术人员,显然目前的情况大多相反。
展望未来,油田企业信息化充满希望,但必须着手解决好以下六个方面的问题和挑战：(1)U网、物联网(传感网)、云计算等泛在化新技术己开始被国内油田企业关注和应用,但要真正建成并发挥重要作用还需要在技术、管理和方法上大胆创新突破。(2)如何更好地实现表达、分析、过程、设计和决策五位一体的可视化,充分发挥可视化技术在油田研究和决策方面的重要作用,仍然是油田企业今后信息化研究与建设的重点和难点。(3)油田企业目前在智能化方面还多偏重于信息技术的智能化,往往忽略了人的智能化,需要大力提倡“人机协同智能化”,充分体现人与计算机的综合优势。(4)信息技术是促进勘探开发一体化目标实现的最有效技术,但虚拟现实等关键技术在油田还不实用,勘探开发一体化协同工作环境还缺少有效的技术载体和方法手段,急需改进。(5)实现生产过程实时监控和远程操作等自动化目标一直是油田企业现代化建设的重要内容和目标,目前,实时监控较容易实现,但实时研究分析、实时决策指挥还很不够,需要整体配套建设。(6)“两化融合”背景下,油田信息技术在与勘探开发技术和自动化技术充分融合的同时,还需要与管理技术、核心业务人员等有效融合,但显然目前这方面的工作还不够充分,不够彻底,重技术轻管理、重建设轻应用现象仍然存在,急需改进。
油田企业信息化是一项复杂的系统工程,其探索和建设过程必然是一个长期的、循序渐进的甚至反复波折的过程。本文以吐哈油田信息化为例,对油田企业信息化模型、方法及方法论等问题进行了较深入、系统的研究和探讨,取得了一些研究成果和认识,为吐哈油田及至国内其他油田企业更好地开展其信息化建设工作提供了一些有益的参考和借鉴。但本人深知这些研究成果和认识还有许多问题和不足,还需要在今后的研究和实践中不断完善与优化,也十分需要国内外关注或从事油田企业信息化研究方面的专家学者对本文的研究和探讨提出宝贵的批评与完善意见,并共同致力于该领域的研究和探索,合力推动油田企业信息化事业不断科学发展。
21st century is the era of information, information technology has become an important symbol of the modern enterprise. The oil companies of domestic are to join the wave of informatization construction. After nearly a dozen years of rapid development and continuous improvement, the three largest oil group companies of China and its subordinate regions of oilfield enterprises in the information technology have achieved considerable progress, information technology continues to expand the scale, depth of informatization continued to expand, informatization level is advanced constantly in Chinese enterprises. However, the informatization development of domestic oilfield enterprises regional is uneven, some informatization of oilfield enterprises is still at an early stage (Nolan model's started and spread period), and some start into the intermediate stage (control and integration period), only the Daqing oil field, Shengli oil field, Xinjiang oil field and the rare entered an advanced stage (optimization and mature period).
Tuha oilfield enterprise is a area level oilfield enterprise of CNPC. From in the early1990of the20th century, it has began to mass exploration development construction, informatization technology has important effect on its development produced. Especially entered21st century, Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization also into "express road", the network based facilities construction continued strengthened, the digital oilfield, and the exploration development data warehouse, and the exploration development integration platform construction continued development, the experiment data center system, and the logging remote transmission system and other professional sources database, collection and comprehensive application system construction of continuous optimization, the CNPC unity promotion projects, such as A1, A2, ERP and so on..., are positive and innovative applications. Now, Tuha oilfield informatization maturity has gradually risen to the fourth level (strategic support from IMM model), entered an advanced stage (Nolan model's optimization and mature), informatization construction achieved considerable results.
At present, Compared with the internationally renowned petroleum company informatization, there are a large gap in Chinese oilfield enterprises generally, it mainly include informatization thought has a gap, and informatization management, and the level of application of informatization technology in general, and data acquisition and management, and interdisciplinary systems integration and comprehensive analysis research capacity, Tuha oilfield is no exception.
In addition, compared with several leading informatization provider of oilfield enterprises in China, such as Xinjiang oilfield, there are some gaps and shortcomings in Tuha oilfield informatization construction:(1) IT strategy and business strategies are not close enough, IT strategy in enterprise strategies is not important and notable enough.(2) The company leaders at all levels of awareness of informatization insufficient, informatization "number one man" works is still not fully on the ground.(3) Informatization organizations were not enough sound, incentive mechanisms effective enough, the overall information technology is still weak.(4) The data center construction is lag, digital Tuha construction is not enough, knowledge management has just started.(5) Lack of enterprise informatization process of reorganization and reengineering, exploration and development integration informatization platform and formation of cooperative working mechanism has not been effective.
These gaps, problems and insufficient, that have existed in the Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, be affected by the Tuha oilfield enterprise own strategic, scale, environment, management system, working mechanism and the traditional concepts and other factors, also be controlled its informatization development strategy, the stage of the process, the level of information technology and the quality of personnel and other factors, but comprehensive researching and analysising informatization level, these problems and influence factors in Tuha oilfield will find:main factors(or questions) affecting the scientific and effective development of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization is lack of the systematic, complete, scientific, applicable methodology(methodology system) to the oilfield enterprise informatization, and oilfield enterprise informatization model (model system) guidance and norms. Because of this, the Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization will be in the booming, at the same time there are many problems and shortcomings, there is gaps will be in the overall development of informatization with advanced domestic and foreign oil companies.
Above gaps and insufficients in Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, in fact, it is general exists of problem in Chinese other oilfield interprise, therefore, summary experience and insufficient in Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization construction, exploration and optimization Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model and method, not only on Tuha oilfield Enterprise future of informatization construction has active of promoting role, and also will for Chinese other oilfield enterprise informatization provides some useful references. Thus, developping "Research on the Informatization Model and Method of Tuha Oilfield Enterprise" work is not only necessary, but also very important.
Guiding by the System Science and System Engineering, the Informatization Science and Information Engineering, the Geological Information Science and Geological Information Technique, the Metasynthetic wisdom Science and Metasynthetic Engineering, using literature(document) investigation method, description sexual research method, concept analysis method, comparison research method, system research method, analysis integrated method, abstract general method, research method, etc, along the technology route of selected topics--system Combs--status analysis--model research--methodology discussion--completed papers, this dissertation of doctor degree (following referred to this dissertation) expand its related research work.
Through the research and discussion, this dissertation has made research key innovation achievement in the following three areas:(1) Giving a more systematic and scientific definition of innovation for oilfield enterprises informatization's related concepts, which provided an important theoretical basis for research. According to oilfield informatization characteristic patterns and research needs, drawing on the existing definitions or explanations, system and scientific analyzing oilfield enterprise informatization principal that didn't yet clearly defined, such as oilfield enterprise informatization model, oilfield enterprise informatization strategy model, oilfield enterprise informatization management model, oilfield enterprise informatization technology model and oilfield enterprise informatization methodology model, on this basis to give a more complete and clear definition of the new.(2) On Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model for a system of classification, research and improvement, and innovation to build a system, scientific and operational model of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield. Main on Tuha oilfield enterprise existing of various informatization model for has overview and classified, and according to Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization development needs, reference both at home and abroad enterprise (including oilfield enterprise) informatization model research results and awareness, on Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model for has supplementary, and optimization and perfect, and innovation building up a relative system, and science and practical of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model system, consisting mainly of five models:Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization strategy model, and management model, and technology model, and implementation model and application model. And on the model of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield further generalization, combinations and abstractions, innovation eventually built up a set of general reference model for oilfield enterprise informatization model system--SMEAT system, in order to better understand and use enterprise informatization model system in Tuha oilfield, and providing useful references for other oilfield enterprise informatization.(3) Mading a systematic study of the situation of methodological research and application of enterprise informatization in Tuha oilfield, and innovation to build a relatively systematic, scientific and applicable methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield. On the basis of systems analysis study and application status of methodology study of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, reference Qian Xue-Sen's scientific system and modern architectural patterns of science and technology, this dissertation innovation building a set of methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield, to better guide enterprises informatization in Tuha oilfield. On the methodology system of horizontal from left to right, and containing of five parts:philosophy, basic sciences and technical sciences, technologies, engineering methodologies, enterprise informatization engineering methodology and its application in oilfield areas; vertical listed on most of the major components, and proper showing of the main elements of the methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield and the relationship between them. After an initial analysis, the methodology system applies not only to enterprises informatization in Tuha oilfield, but would also apply to other oilfield enterprise informatization, with a certain application and value.
In addition, this dissertation summarizes research on five-point understanding:(1) The efforts of oilfield enterprises informatization methodological research and application need to intensify. Some methodologies have been applied in oilfield enterprise informatization to guide informatization construction of concrete work, many experts and scholars also did some research on the methodology of enterprise informatization and its application in oilfield exploration, but not enough systems, and not thorough enough, far from consensus, not to create synergy.(2) The informatization strategy and business strategy integrated in oilfield enterprises needed to be further strengthened. The informatization strategy and enterprise strategy of some oilfield enterprise is not coordination fusion, some informatization strategy is not full based on enterprise development target and business strategy, some no according to enterprise strategy of changes timely adjustment informatization strategy, some appears informatization strategy and enterprise strategy phase out of situation, more highlight of problem is general no real significance CIO, led to good of enterprise informatization strategy cannot real effective implementation.(3) Oilfield enterprise informatization process reengineering and restructuring efforts need to intensify. Current of informatization revolution just informatization technology of revolution, more important of is management concept and technology of revolution, oilfield enterprise only in informatization of while supporting for innovation and upgrading of enterprise process recycling, and business restructuring, and management concept and technology, and research and production, to real played informatization technology of role, to ensure oilfield enterprise informatization nature target of early achieved, currently domestic oilfield enterprise general in this area do was enough.(4) The main status of oilfield's core business subjects of exploration and development requires further highlights. Domestic oilfield enterprise should learning reference abroad oil company of informatization model (or mode), further highlight oilfield exploration development core business and main work process informatization of main status, set energy and resources first to oil and gas exploration development core business and main work process of informatization do strong, and do deep, and do fine, then balance do other business area of informatization construction, avoid full flowering, and surface prosperity, be away from informatization nature target situation of appears or continued.(5) The important role of professionals in informatization in oilfield enterprises need to be further emphasized."Informatization" is the most core of informatization technology,and non-"technology", in oilfield enterprise, the main professional technique people of exploration development is most understanding on oilfield geological informatization, is most urgent further awareness of personnel, these people who real having and using "informatization" are current informatization revolution of protagonist, led oilfield enterprise informatization of people should is main professionals,and not informatization technicians, clearly currently of situation most instead.
Prospect oilfield enterprise informatization of future development, we full hopes and looks forward to, but must to address good following six a area of problem and challenge:(1) U network, real networking (sensing network) and cloud computing are new technologies which has began concern and application in domestic oilfield enterprise, but to real built and played important role also needs bold innovation breakthrough in technology, and management and method.(2) How to better implement the five-in-one of the visual, such as the expression, analyze, process, design and decision, how to make visualization technology full play an important role in study and decision of oilfield enterprise, remains the focus and difficulty of future informatization research and construction of oilfield enterprises.(3) Oil enterprise are now more focus on intelligent informatization technology intelligently, often ignoring the human intelligence, needs a big advocate of "intelligent man-machine cooperation", fully embodies the comprehensive advantages of human and computer.(4) The informatization technology is the most effective technologies to promote exploration and development integration objectives to achieve, but virtual reality and other key technologies in oilfield is not practical, exploration and development integration and collaborative work environment is lack of effective technology vector and method, these need to great improve.(5) The realization of real-time monitoring of production process automation and remote operation target has been the important content and objectives of modernization construction of oilfield enterprises, at present, real-time monitor more easily achieved, but real-time analysis, and real-time decision is not enough, these need whole-building.(6) On background of "integration of informatization and industrialization", the informatization technology of oilfields is fully integrated with exploration and development technology and automation technology, at the same time, it also need effective integrated with management technology and core business personnel, but it is clear that there is currently insufficient work in this area, the phenomenons of pay attention to technology and look down on management, pay attention to construction and look down on application are still existed, these need to great improve.
Oilfield enterprise informatization is a complex system engineering, its exploration and construction process is bound to be a long process, step by step, and even repeated setbacks. This dissertation to Tuha oilfield informatization for cases, researching and discussing more in-depth and systematic on oilfield enterprise informatization model, technology method and the methodology problem, and has obtained some research results and awareness, for oilfield enterprise better to carried out informatization construction work provides some useful of reference, but these research results and awareness in this dissertation may still exist many problem and insufficient, it need to continued perfect and optimization in future of research and practice, also need to give this dissertation some valuable criticism and improvement from both Chinese and abroad of oilfield enterprise (oil company) informatization technology experts and scholars, and shared commitment to the research and exploration in this area, contribute to the cause of oilfield enterprises informatization science development.
吐哈油田企业是中国石油旗下的一个地区级油田企业,从20世纪90年代初开始大规模勘探开发建设以来,信息技术对其发展产生了重要的影响,尤其是进入21世纪,吐哈油田企业信息化进一步加快,网络基础设施建设不断加强,数字油田、勘探开发数据仓库、勘探开发一体化平台等大型综合信息系统或平台先后建设并不断发展,试验数据中心系统、录井远传系统等专业数据库、源头采集及综合应用系统成功建设应用并持续优化,A1、A2、ERP等集团公司统一推广项目积极开展并创新应用。发展至今,吐哈油田的信息化成熟度已逐步上升到了第四级(IMM模型的战略支持级),开始进入高级阶段(诺兰模型的优化和成熟期),信息化建设取得显著成效。
目前,我国油田企业在信息化思想观念、信息化组织管理、信息技术总体应用水平、数据采集与管理方面、跨学科系统集成和综合分析研究能力等方面与国际知名的石油大公司相比还有一定差距,吐哈油田也不例外。此外,与新疆油田等几个信息化领先的国内油田企业相比,吐哈油田的信息化建设也存在五个方面的差距和不足：(1)IT战略与企业战略结合还不够紧密,IT战略在企业战略中的地位还不够重要和突出。(2)公司各级领导对信息化的认识还不够充分,信息化“一把手”工程还没有完全落到实处。(3)信息化组织机构还不够健全,激励机制不够有效,整体信息技术力量尚显薄弱。(4)数据中心建设相对滞后,数字吐哈建设力度不够,知识管理刚刚起步。(5)企业信息化流程重组与再造不足,勘探开发一体化信息化平台与协同工作机制还未有效形成。
吐哈油田企业信息化中存在的上述差距、问题和不足,有吐哈油田企业自身战略、规模、环境条件、管理体制、工作机制和传统观念等因素的影响,也有其信息化发展战略、阶段进程、信息技术水平和人员素质等因素的制约,但综合研究分析吐哈油田企业信息化现状水平及上述问题与影响因素后发现：影响吐哈油田企业信息化科学有效发展的主要原因(或问题)是缺乏系统、完整、科学、适用的油田企业信息化方法论和模型体系的指导和规范。正因如此,吐哈油田企业信息化才会在蓬勃发展的同时存在许多问题与不足,才会在整体发展上与国内外信息化先进的油田企业存在不小差距。
吐哈油田企业信息化目前存在的上述差距和不足,其实也是国内其他许多油田企业普遍存在的问题,因此,总结吐哈油田企业信息化建设的经验与不足,探索和优化吐哈油田企业信息化模型和方法,不仅对吐哈油田企业今后的信息化建设有积极的推动作用,而且也将为国内其它油田企业信息化提供一些有益的参考和借鉴。因此,开展《吐哈油田企业信息化模型与方法研究》工作不仅十分必要,也非常重要。
本论文在系统科学及系统工程、信息科学及信息工程、地质信息科学及地质信息技术、大成智慧科学及大成智慧工程等技术科学和工程技术方法论指导下,运用文献(资料)调查研究法、描述性研究法、概念分析法、比较研究法、系统研究法、分析综合法、抽象概括法等研究方法,沿着选定课题——系统梳理——现状分析——模型研究——方法论探讨——完成论文的技术路线展开相关研究工作。
通过研究和探讨,本文取得了三个方面的主要创新点：(1)根据油田企业信息化特征规律及研究需求,借鉴已有的相关定义或解释,主要对尚未明确定义的油田企业信息化、油田企业信息化模型、油田企业信息化战略模型、油田企业信息化管理模型、油田企业信息化技术模型和油田企业信息化方法论等六个油田企业信息化相关概念进行了较系统、科学的辨析,在此基础上给出了较完整、明确的新定义,为本文研究及他人借鉴提供了重要的理论依据。(2)对吐哈油田企业相关信息化模型进行了较系统的归类、研究和完善,并创新构建起一套相对系统、科学和实用的吐哈油田企业信息化模型体系——SMEAT模型体系。该模型体系主要由信息化战略模型、管理模型、技术模型、实施模型和应用模型五大类模型组成。其中,战略模型(S)居于SMEAT模型体系的中心位置,它是其它四大模型的纲领、方向和原则,同时,其它模型的研究与实践成果也在不断地充实和完善战略模型；管理模型(M)、实施模型(E)、应用模型(A)和技术模型(T)四大模型则环绕在战略模型周围,在战略模型的统领下各自发挥着重要的作用,而且这四大模型之间也息息相关、密不可分。(3)本文在系统分析研究吐哈油田企业信息化方法论研究与应用现状的基础上,借鉴钱学森等的系统科学的体系及现代科学技术体系结构模式,创新构建了一套吐哈油田企业信息化方法论体系,以更好地指导吐哈油田企业信息化。该方法论体系横向上从左到右,依次包含哲学、基础科学及技术科学、相关工程技术、相关工程技术方法论、油田企业信息化工程方法论及其主要应用领域五大部分；纵向上依次列出了各大部分的主要组成内容,较系统合理地展现了吐哈油田企业信息化方法论体系的主要内容以及它们之间的关系结构。
此外,本文概括总结出五点研究认识：(1)油田企业信息化方法论研究和应用的力度需进一步加大。油田企业信息化过程中已应用了一些方法论来指导具体的信息化建设工作,许多专家学者也对油田企业信息化方法论做过一些研究和应用探索,但还不够系统,不够深入,远没有达成共识,没有形成合力。(2)油田企业信息化战略与企业战略融合工作需进一步加强。国内一些油田企业的信息化战略与企业战略并非十分协调融合,有的信息化战略并没有完全基于企业发展目标与经营战略而制定,有的没有根据企业战略的变化及时调整信息化战略,有的出现信息化战略与企业战略相脱节的情况,更为突出的问题是普遍没有真正意义上的CIO,导致再好的企业信息化战略也无法真正有效实施。(3)油田企业信息化流程再造和业务重组力度需进一步加大。当前的信息革命不仅仅是信息技术的革命,更重要的是管理理念和技术的革命,油田企业只有在信息化的同时配套进行企业流程再造、业务重组、管理理念和技术以及研究和生产方式的创新、升级,才能真正发挥信息技术的作用,才能确保油田企业信息化本质目标的早日实现,目前国内油田企业普遍在这方面做得不够。(4)油田勘探开发核心业务信息化的主体地位需进一步突出。国内油田企业应该学习借鉴国外石油公司的信息化模型(或模式),进一步突出油田勘探开发核心业务和主工作流程信息化的主体地位,集中精力和资源首先把油气勘探开发核心业务和主工作流程的信息化做强、做深、做精,然后兼顾做好其它业务领域的信息化建设,避免全面开花、表面繁荣,却远离信息化本质目标情况的出现或持续。(5)专业人员在油田企业信息化中的重要作用需进一步强调。信息技术中最核心的应该是“信息”而非“技术”,油田企业中勘探开发等主专业技术人员才是对油田地质信息最了解,也是最迫切进一步认识的人员,这些“信息”的真正拥有者和使用者们才是当前信息革命的主角,主导油田企业信息化的人应该是主专业人员而非信息技术人员,显然目前的情况大多相反。
展望未来,油田企业信息化充满希望,但必须着手解决好以下六个方面的问题和挑战：(1)U网、物联网(传感网)、云计算等泛在化新技术己开始被国内油田企业关注和应用,但要真正建成并发挥重要作用还需要在技术、管理和方法上大胆创新突破。(2)如何更好地实现表达、分析、过程、设计和决策五位一体的可视化,充分发挥可视化技术在油田研究和决策方面的重要作用,仍然是油田企业今后信息化研究与建设的重点和难点。(3)油田企业目前在智能化方面还多偏重于信息技术的智能化,往往忽略了人的智能化,需要大力提倡“人机协同智能化”,充分体现人与计算机的综合优势。(4)信息技术是促进勘探开发一体化目标实现的最有效技术,但虚拟现实等关键技术在油田还不实用,勘探开发一体化协同工作环境还缺少有效的技术载体和方法手段,急需改进。(5)实现生产过程实时监控和远程操作等自动化目标一直是油田企业现代化建设的重要内容和目标,目前,实时监控较容易实现,但实时研究分析、实时决策指挥还很不够,需要整体配套建设。(6)“两化融合”背景下,油田信息技术在与勘探开发技术和自动化技术充分融合的同时,还需要与管理技术、核心业务人员等有效融合,但显然目前这方面的工作还不够充分,不够彻底,重技术轻管理、重建设轻应用现象仍然存在,急需改进。
油田企业信息化是一项复杂的系统工程,其探索和建设过程必然是一个长期的、循序渐进的甚至反复波折的过程。本文以吐哈油田信息化为例,对油田企业信息化模型、方法及方法论等问题进行了较深入、系统的研究和探讨,取得了一些研究成果和认识,为吐哈油田及至国内其他油田企业更好地开展其信息化建设工作提供了一些有益的参考和借鉴。但本人深知这些研究成果和认识还有许多问题和不足,还需要在今后的研究和实践中不断完善与优化,也十分需要国内外关注或从事油田企业信息化研究方面的专家学者对本文的研究和探讨提出宝贵的批评与完善意见,并共同致力于该领域的研究和探索,合力推动油田企业信息化事业不断科学发展。
21st century is the era of information, information technology has become an important symbol of the modern enterprise. The oil companies of domestic are to join the wave of informatization construction. After nearly a dozen years of rapid development and continuous improvement, the three largest oil group companies of China and its subordinate regions of oilfield enterprises in the information technology have achieved considerable progress, information technology continues to expand the scale, depth of informatization continued to expand, informatization level is advanced constantly in Chinese enterprises. However, the informatization development of domestic oilfield enterprises regional is uneven, some informatization of oilfield enterprises is still at an early stage (Nolan model's started and spread period), and some start into the intermediate stage (control and integration period), only the Daqing oil field, Shengli oil field, Xinjiang oil field and the rare entered an advanced stage (optimization and mature period).
Tuha oilfield enterprise is a area level oilfield enterprise of CNPC. From in the early1990of the20th century, it has began to mass exploration development construction, informatization technology has important effect on its development produced. Especially entered21st century, Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization also into "express road", the network based facilities construction continued strengthened, the digital oilfield, and the exploration development data warehouse, and the exploration development integration platform construction continued development, the experiment data center system, and the logging remote transmission system and other professional sources database, collection and comprehensive application system construction of continuous optimization, the CNPC unity promotion projects, such as A1, A2, ERP and so on..., are positive and innovative applications. Now, Tuha oilfield informatization maturity has gradually risen to the fourth level (strategic support from IMM model), entered an advanced stage (Nolan model's optimization and mature), informatization construction achieved considerable results.
At present, Compared with the internationally renowned petroleum company informatization, there are a large gap in Chinese oilfield enterprises generally, it mainly include informatization thought has a gap, and informatization management, and the level of application of informatization technology in general, and data acquisition and management, and interdisciplinary systems integration and comprehensive analysis research capacity, Tuha oilfield is no exception.
In addition, compared with several leading informatization provider of oilfield enterprises in China, such as Xinjiang oilfield, there are some gaps and shortcomings in Tuha oilfield informatization construction:(1) IT strategy and business strategies are not close enough, IT strategy in enterprise strategies is not important and notable enough.(2) The company leaders at all levels of awareness of informatization insufficient, informatization "number one man" works is still not fully on the ground.(3) Informatization organizations were not enough sound, incentive mechanisms effective enough, the overall information technology is still weak.(4) The data center construction is lag, digital Tuha construction is not enough, knowledge management has just started.(5) Lack of enterprise informatization process of reorganization and reengineering, exploration and development integration informatization platform and formation of cooperative working mechanism has not been effective.
These gaps, problems and insufficient, that have existed in the Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, be affected by the Tuha oilfield enterprise own strategic, scale, environment, management system, working mechanism and the traditional concepts and other factors, also be controlled its informatization development strategy, the stage of the process, the level of information technology and the quality of personnel and other factors, but comprehensive researching and analysising informatization level, these problems and influence factors in Tuha oilfield will find:main factors(or questions) affecting the scientific and effective development of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization is lack of the systematic, complete, scientific, applicable methodology(methodology system) to the oilfield enterprise informatization, and oilfield enterprise informatization model (model system) guidance and norms. Because of this, the Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization will be in the booming, at the same time there are many problems and shortcomings, there is gaps will be in the overall development of informatization with advanced domestic and foreign oil companies.
Above gaps and insufficients in Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, in fact, it is general exists of problem in Chinese other oilfield interprise, therefore, summary experience and insufficient in Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization construction, exploration and optimization Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model and method, not only on Tuha oilfield Enterprise future of informatization construction has active of promoting role, and also will for Chinese other oilfield enterprise informatization provides some useful references. Thus, developping "Research on the Informatization Model and Method of Tuha Oilfield Enterprise" work is not only necessary, but also very important.
Guiding by the System Science and System Engineering, the Informatization Science and Information Engineering, the Geological Information Science and Geological Information Technique, the Metasynthetic wisdom Science and Metasynthetic Engineering, using literature(document) investigation method, description sexual research method, concept analysis method, comparison research method, system research method, analysis integrated method, abstract general method, research method, etc, along the technology route of selected topics--system Combs--status analysis--model research--methodology discussion--completed papers, this dissertation of doctor degree (following referred to this dissertation) expand its related research work.
Through the research and discussion, this dissertation has made research key innovation achievement in the following three areas:(1) Giving a more systematic and scientific definition of innovation for oilfield enterprises informatization's related concepts, which provided an important theoretical basis for research. According to oilfield informatization characteristic patterns and research needs, drawing on the existing definitions or explanations, system and scientific analyzing oilfield enterprise informatization principal that didn't yet clearly defined, such as oilfield enterprise informatization model, oilfield enterprise informatization strategy model, oilfield enterprise informatization management model, oilfield enterprise informatization technology model and oilfield enterprise informatization methodology model, on this basis to give a more complete and clear definition of the new.(2) On Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model for a system of classification, research and improvement, and innovation to build a system, scientific and operational model of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield. Main on Tuha oilfield enterprise existing of various informatization model for has overview and classified, and according to Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization development needs, reference both at home and abroad enterprise (including oilfield enterprise) informatization model research results and awareness, on Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model for has supplementary, and optimization and perfect, and innovation building up a relative system, and science and practical of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization model system, consisting mainly of five models:Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization strategy model, and management model, and technology model, and implementation model and application model. And on the model of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield further generalization, combinations and abstractions, innovation eventually built up a set of general reference model for oilfield enterprise informatization model system--SMEAT system, in order to better understand and use enterprise informatization model system in Tuha oilfield, and providing useful references for other oilfield enterprise informatization.(3) Mading a systematic study of the situation of methodological research and application of enterprise informatization in Tuha oilfield, and innovation to build a relatively systematic, scientific and applicable methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield. On the basis of systems analysis study and application status of methodology study of Tuha oilfield enterprise informatization, reference Qian Xue-Sen's scientific system and modern architectural patterns of science and technology, this dissertation innovation building a set of methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield, to better guide enterprises informatization in Tuha oilfield. On the methodology system of horizontal from left to right, and containing of five parts:philosophy, basic sciences and technical sciences, technologies, engineering methodologies, enterprise informatization engineering methodology and its application in oilfield areas; vertical listed on most of the major components, and proper showing of the main elements of the methodology of enterprise informatization system in Tuha oilfield and the relationship between them. After an initial analysis, the methodology system applies not only to enterprises informatization in Tuha oilfield, but would also apply to other oilfield enterprise informatization, with a certain application and value.
In addition, this dissertation summarizes research on five-point understanding:(1) The efforts of oilfield enterprises informatization methodological research and application need to intensify. Some methodologies have been applied in oilfield enterprise informatization to guide informatization construction of concrete work, many experts and scholars also did some research on the methodology of enterprise informatization and its application in oilfield exploration, but not enough systems, and not thorough enough, far from consensus, not to create synergy.(2) The informatization strategy and business strategy integrated in oilfield enterprises needed to be further strengthened. The informatization strategy and enterprise strategy of some oilfield enterprise is not coordination fusion, some informatization strategy is not full based on enterprise development target and business strategy, some no according to enterprise strategy of changes timely adjustment informatization strategy, some appears informatization strategy and enterprise strategy phase out of situation, more highlight of problem is general no real significance CIO, led to good of enterprise informatization strategy cannot real effective implementation.(3) Oilfield enterprise informatization process reengineering and restructuring efforts need to intensify. Current of informatization revolution just informatization technology of revolution, more important of is management concept and technology of revolution, oilfield enterprise only in informatization of while supporting for innovation and upgrading of enterprise process recycling, and business restructuring, and management concept and technology, and research and production, to real played informatization technology of role, to ensure oilfield enterprise informatization nature target of early achieved, currently domestic oilfield enterprise general in this area do was enough.(4) The main status of oilfield's core business subjects of exploration and development requires further highlights. Domestic oilfield enterprise should learning reference abroad oil company of informatization model (or mode), further highlight oilfield exploration development core business and main work process informatization of main status, set energy and resources first to oil and gas exploration development core business and main work process of informatization do strong, and do deep, and do fine, then balance do other business area of informatization construction, avoid full flowering, and surface prosperity, be away from informatization nature target situation of appears or continued.(5) The important role of professionals in informatization in oilfield enterprises need to be further emphasized."Informatization" is the most core of informatization technology,and non-"technology", in oilfield enterprise, the main professional technique people of exploration development is most understanding on oilfield geological informatization, is most urgent further awareness of personnel, these people who real having and using "informatization" are current informatization revolution of protagonist, led oilfield enterprise informatization of people should is main professionals,and not informatization technicians, clearly currently of situation most instead.
Prospect oilfield enterprise informatization of future development, we full hopes and looks forward to, but must to address good following six a area of problem and challenge:(1) U network, real networking (sensing network) and cloud computing are new technologies which has began concern and application in domestic oilfield enterprise, but to real built and played important role also needs bold innovation breakthrough in technology, and management and method.(2) How to better implement the five-in-one of the visual, such as the expression, analyze, process, design and decision, how to make visualization technology full play an important role in study and decision of oilfield enterprise, remains the focus and difficulty of future informatization research and construction of oilfield enterprises.(3) Oil enterprise are now more focus on intelligent informatization technology intelligently, often ignoring the human intelligence, needs a big advocate of "intelligent man-machine cooperation", fully embodies the comprehensive advantages of human and computer.(4) The informatization technology is the most effective technologies to promote exploration and development integration objectives to achieve, but virtual reality and other key technologies in oilfield is not practical, exploration and development integration and collaborative work environment is lack of effective technology vector and method, these need to great improve.(5) The realization of real-time monitoring of production process automation and remote operation target has been the important content and objectives of modernization construction of oilfield enterprises, at present, real-time monitor more easily achieved, but real-time analysis, and real-time decision is not enough, these need whole-building.(6) On background of "integration of informatization and industrialization", the informatization technology of oilfields is fully integrated with exploration and development technology and automation technology, at the same time, it also need effective integrated with management technology and core business personnel, but it is clear that there is currently insufficient work in this area, the phenomenons of pay attention to technology and look down on management, pay attention to construction and look down on application are still existed, these need to great improve.
Oilfield enterprise informatization is a complex system engineering, its exploration and construction process is bound to be a long process, step by step, and even repeated setbacks. This dissertation to Tuha oilfield informatization for cases, researching and discussing more in-depth and systematic on oilfield enterprise informatization model, technology method and the methodology problem, and has obtained some research results and awareness, for oilfield enterprise better to carried out informatization construction work provides some useful of reference, but these research results and awareness in this dissertation may still exist many problem and insufficient, it need to continued perfect and optimization in future of research and practice, also need to give this dissertation some valuable criticism and improvement from both Chinese and abroad of oilfield enterprise (oil company) informatization technology experts and scholars, and shared commitment to the research and exploration in this area, contribute to the cause of oilfield enterprises informatization science development.
引文
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