热固性塑料机械物理法再生及再资源化研究
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摘要
热固性塑料固化成型后形成网状交联的分子结构，既不能再加热熔融，也不能在溶剂中溶解，因此废旧热固性塑料的回收利用面临严峻的挑战，造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染。但是热固性塑料具有隔热、耐磨、绝缘、耐高压电等优良性能，应用广泛。因此开展废旧热固性塑料的再资源化应用研究，对节约资源，保护环境，实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。
废旧热固性塑料的机械物理法再资源化过程包括粉碎、再生、混合和成型。本文对热固性塑料的粉碎过程进行力学分析，建立了粉碎模型。研究了热固性塑料在机械力场和热场共同作用下的再生机理及机械力化学效应，从能量转换和机械力活化角度，建立了机械物理作用下的再生理论模型，总结了再生过程的物理化学现象及基本规律，对混合过程和成型过程进行了理论分析，实现了废旧热固性塑料的循环再利用。
提出了废旧热固性塑料机械物理法再生方法及再资源化工艺流程。确定了再资源化实验系统的结构组成及功能要求，设计制造专用的再生实验设备。通过对机械结构的计算机数值模拟与分析，优化粉碎和再生效果，提高了材料的回收利用率和再生塑料的力学性能。
以热固性酚醛塑料为研究对象，进行了机械物理法再生及再资源化的实验研究，制备了活性再生料，分析了再生料的分子结构、化学性质和微观形貌特征。结果表明热固性塑料在机械物理作用下，化学结构及化学性质将发生变化，网状交联分子链发生断裂，生成活性基团，交联密度降低，再生料具备反应活性和再次成型的能力。利用酚醛再生料作为主原料，成功制备再生塑料。力学性能测试结果表明试样达到了机械强度要求，实现了废旧热固性塑料的循环再利用。
建立了废旧热固性塑料的再资源化效果评价模型，对实验数据进行多元回归拟合，方差分析和显著性水平检验，确定了工艺参数对再生料的机械力活化再生效果和再生塑料的机械强度的影响规律和显著性水平。
对热固性聚氨酯和环氧树脂进行了机械物理法再资源化实验研究，取得较好的活化再生效果。
After thermosetting plastic products have been cured, a cross-linked molecule structure forms.They neither melt when heated nor dissolve when put into a solvent. Therefore, it is a greatchallenge to recycle thermosetting plastic and if not it will lead to resource waste and cause all kindsof environment pollutions. But thermosetting plastic has excellent performances such as heatresistance, wear resistance, insulation, high voltage etc, and it is widely used. So it has greatsignificance for application research of waste thermosetting plastic recycling to save resources andprotect the environment.
The recycling process of waste thermosetting plastic including smashing, regeneration,blending and forming based on mechanical and physical method is discussed. In this paper,mechanics of the crushing process of thermosetting plastic is analyzed and the crushing model isestablished. Regeneration mechanism and mechanochemical effect of thermosetting plastic inmechanical and thermal fields is studied, the regeneration theory model is established, physical andchemical phenomena and basic laws of the regeneration process are summarized. The regenerationtheory of mixing process and forming process is analyzed, and recycling of waste thermosettingplastic is completed.
An optimized recycling method and process of waste thermosetting plastic is promoted.Structures and functions of a recycling experiment system are determined, and the specialexperiment equipment is designed and manufactured. Through the computer numerical simulationand analysis of mechanical structures, crushing and regeneration effects of thermosetting plastic areoptimized, utilization ratio of materials and mechanical properties of regeneration composite plasticare all improved.
With thermosetting phenolic plastic as the research object, regeneration and recyclingexperiments based on mechanical physical methods are carried out, Plasticity reworked materials areproduced and their molecular structures, properties and characteristics of surface morphology areanalyzed. Results show that chemical structures and properties will be changed under mechanicalphysical functions, network crosslinking chains will rupture, active groups will produce, crosslinkingdensity will decrease and reworked materials have activity and forming ability at last. Usingphenolic reworked materials as main raw materials, the regenerated composite plastic is successfullymade. The test of mechanical property indicates that the composite plastic meet the requirement ofthermoplastic plastics. So the recovery utilization rate improves and waste thermosetting plasticrecycling are completed.
The assessment model for thermosetting plastic waste recycling is established. Multipleregression fitting, variance analysis and significance test are completed based on experimental data.The relationship including influence law and significant level between craft parameters andregeneration effectiveness, mechanical strength of composite plastics is confirmed.
Besides, thermosetting polyurethane is studied as well in the project, in the end, betterregeneration effectiveness is achieved.
废旧热固性塑料的机械物理法再资源化过程包括粉碎、再生、混合和成型。本文对热固性塑料的粉碎过程进行力学分析，建立了粉碎模型。研究了热固性塑料在机械力场和热场共同作用下的再生机理及机械力化学效应，从能量转换和机械力活化角度，建立了机械物理作用下的再生理论模型，总结了再生过程的物理化学现象及基本规律，对混合过程和成型过程进行了理论分析，实现了废旧热固性塑料的循环再利用。
提出了废旧热固性塑料机械物理法再生方法及再资源化工艺流程。确定了再资源化实验系统的结构组成及功能要求，设计制造专用的再生实验设备。通过对机械结构的计算机数值模拟与分析，优化粉碎和再生效果，提高了材料的回收利用率和再生塑料的力学性能。
以热固性酚醛塑料为研究对象，进行了机械物理法再生及再资源化的实验研究，制备了活性再生料，分析了再生料的分子结构、化学性质和微观形貌特征。结果表明热固性塑料在机械物理作用下，化学结构及化学性质将发生变化，网状交联分子链发生断裂，生成活性基团，交联密度降低，再生料具备反应活性和再次成型的能力。利用酚醛再生料作为主原料，成功制备再生塑料。力学性能测试结果表明试样达到了机械强度要求，实现了废旧热固性塑料的循环再利用。
建立了废旧热固性塑料的再资源化效果评价模型，对实验数据进行多元回归拟合，方差分析和显著性水平检验，确定了工艺参数对再生料的机械力活化再生效果和再生塑料的机械强度的影响规律和显著性水平。
对热固性聚氨酯和环氧树脂进行了机械物理法再资源化实验研究，取得较好的活化再生效果。
After thermosetting plastic products have been cured, a cross-linked molecule structure forms.They neither melt when heated nor dissolve when put into a solvent. Therefore, it is a greatchallenge to recycle thermosetting plastic and if not it will lead to resource waste and cause all kindsof environment pollutions. But thermosetting plastic has excellent performances such as heatresistance, wear resistance, insulation, high voltage etc, and it is widely used. So it has greatsignificance for application research of waste thermosetting plastic recycling to save resources andprotect the environment.
The recycling process of waste thermosetting plastic including smashing, regeneration,blending and forming based on mechanical and physical method is discussed. In this paper,mechanics of the crushing process of thermosetting plastic is analyzed and the crushing model isestablished. Regeneration mechanism and mechanochemical effect of thermosetting plastic inmechanical and thermal fields is studied, the regeneration theory model is established, physical andchemical phenomena and basic laws of the regeneration process are summarized. The regenerationtheory of mixing process and forming process is analyzed, and recycling of waste thermosettingplastic is completed.
An optimized recycling method and process of waste thermosetting plastic is promoted.Structures and functions of a recycling experiment system are determined, and the specialexperiment equipment is designed and manufactured. Through the computer numerical simulationand analysis of mechanical structures, crushing and regeneration effects of thermosetting plastic areoptimized, utilization ratio of materials and mechanical properties of regeneration composite plasticare all improved.
With thermosetting phenolic plastic as the research object, regeneration and recyclingexperiments based on mechanical physical methods are carried out, Plasticity reworked materials areproduced and their molecular structures, properties and characteristics of surface morphology areanalyzed. Results show that chemical structures and properties will be changed under mechanicalphysical functions, network crosslinking chains will rupture, active groups will produce, crosslinkingdensity will decrease and reworked materials have activity and forming ability at last. Usingphenolic reworked materials as main raw materials, the regenerated composite plastic is successfullymade. The test of mechanical property indicates that the composite plastic meet the requirement ofthermoplastic plastics. So the recovery utilization rate improves and waste thermosetting plasticrecycling are completed.
The assessment model for thermosetting plastic waste recycling is established. Multipleregression fitting, variance analysis and significance test are completed based on experimental data.The relationship including influence law and significant level between craft parameters andregeneration effectiveness, mechanical strength of composite plastics is confirmed.
Besides, thermosetting polyurethane is studied as well in the project, in the end, betterregeneration effectiveness is achieved.
引文
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