混合量子系统应用于量子信息处理的研究
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摘要
量子信息学是利用量子物理规律进行信息处理的科学，在计算、通信等方面具有重要应用价值。然而，由于现有的量子物理系统都不能满足实现量子信息处理的所有要求，量子信息处理的物理实现面临巨大的挑战。近年来，人们提出了一种新的研究思路，那就是利用混合量子系统，通过使其中的各个系统能够优势互补。本文主要研究利用混合量子系统实现量子信息处理的新方案。主要结果和创新点归纳如下：
1、我们提出了一个制备多光子偏振状态W型纠缠的方案。该方案利用相干光与多个彼此独立的光子进行非线性相互作用，使相干光获得与光子集体偏振态相关的相位，然后对相干光进行测量。通过选取合适的测量结果，能够制备出接近理想的W态。尽管方案中使用的非线性相互作用很弱，但是通过增大相干光的强度仍能实现很高的成功制备概率。与利用参量下转换制备光子W态的方法相比，该方案具有成功概率高和不需要进行单光子探测的优点。
2、各种量子中继方案是实现远距离量子通信的关键，而‘静止’量子系统（原子系综）和‘飞行’量子系统（光子）组成的混合系统在实现量子中继方面很有优势。现有的量子中继方案都严重地依赖于光子偏振状态的稳定，而实际信道中存在随机噪声，使得偏振状态难以保持稳定。我们提出了一个能够抵抗信道偏振噪声的量子中继方案。通过在光子态中引入时间标记，并相应地调整干涉光路和探测方式，使受信道噪声干扰的信号被自动剔除，从而不会降低纠缠分发的忠实度。该方案还具有对信道损耗和信道长度涨落等噪声的鲁棒性，因此能抵抗各种信道噪声干扰。另外该方案具有简单易行的特点，有望用于构建实用的量子中继器。
3、近年来随着制造和冷却技术的发展，纳米尺度的机械谐振器已能被制备到量子状态，并被应用于量子信息学。我们提出一个利用纳米机械谐振器实现原子量子位和超导量子位强耦合的方案。纳米机械谐振器和原子的耦合通过机械振动产生的电场和把原子激发到里德堡态实现。该方案能用于实现原子和超导量子位之间的量子态转移，从而构成一个既能被快速量子操控（超导量子位）又能长时间存储信息（原子量子位）的混合系统。
4、我们提出一个利用纳米机械谐振器（NAMR）实现超导传输线共振腔（TLR）和单电子自旋量子位（EQ）强耦合的方案。该方案中NAMR和超导腔、NAMR和单电子自旋的耦合都能达到强耦合区域，并且可通过调节外部参数控制耦合的强度。与已有方案利用TLR和EQ直接耦合相比，该方案实现的TLR-EQ有效耦合更强。与已有方案利用超导量子位作为中介实现TLR-EQ有效耦合相比，该方案用作中介的NAMR具有更长的相干时间。该方案中实现的可控强耦合能用于执行单自旋量子位和超导腔之间高忠实度的量子态转移。
Quantum information science is a subject which takes advantage of quantum laws toimplement information processing, and has important application values in the field ofcomputation, communication and so on. However，the physical implementations ofquantum information processing are facing huge challenges since the existing quantumphycial systems can not be able to fulfill all these requirements for implementingquantum information processing. In recent years, a new research idea was beingproposed which is ultilizing the hybrid quantum systems and make the componentsystems complement and benefit each other. The thesis mainly studies on new schemesfor implementing quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems. Themain results and the creative points are as follows.
We present a scheme for preparing three-photon polarization-entangled W states.The signal photons and a strong probe field interact via weak cross-Kerr nonlinearitythat conditionally causes a phase shift on the probe coherent state. A W state is thenprepared with a high success probability by the homodyne measurement andpostselection. Compared with preparing photonic W states via parametric downconversion, the scheme has the characters with high success probability and norequirement for single photon detection.
Various quantum repeater schemes are crucial for realizing long-distance quantumcommunication, and the hybrid systems consisting of ‘static’ quantum systems (atomicensembles) and ‘flying’ quantum system (photons) have the distinguished advantages.The exsiting quantum repeater schemes seriously depend on the stability of polarizationstates of the photons, while there are random noises in the real channels where it is veryhard to maintain the stability of polarization states. We propose a quantum repeaterscheme which is robust against polarization noise of photons transmitted overlong-distance channel. We introduce time-bin photonic states and adjust the two-photoninterference configuration and the detection way, which make the disturbed signals beeliminated, so the fidelity of distributing entanglement is not affected. Our scheme alsois robust against channel loss and channel length fluctuations. Our scheme can beperformed with current experimental setups through making some simple adjustments,and is promsing for constructing practical quantum repeater.
With the development of fabrication and cooling techniques, nanomechanicalresonators recently have been made to quantum ground states and applied in quantuminformation science. We propose a scheme to realize strong coupling between atomicqubit and superconducting qubit via a nanomechanical resonator. The coupling of theatom to the nanomechancial resonator is achieved via the electric field created by thevibratons and by exciting the atom into Rydberg states. The scheme can be used to implementing quantum state transfer between atomic qubit and superconducting qubit,and construct a hybrid system consisting of the fast quantum manipulated part(superconducting qubit) and the long-information-storage time part (atomic qubit).
We propose a scheme to achieve strong coupling between a transmission lineresonator (TLR) and an individual electronic spin qubit (EQ) via a nanomechanicalresonator (NAMR). Both the NAMR-TLR and the NAMR-EQ reach the strongcoupling regime, and the coupling strengthes can be controlled by adjusting externalparameters. Compared with a direct coupling between a EQ and a TLR, the achievedcoupling can be stronger. Compared with the SCQ-mediated systems for realizingTLR-EQ effective coupling, the NAMR as a mediator has a longer coherence time. Thecontrollable strong couplings achived in the scheme be used to implement ahigh-fidelity quantum state transfer between the spin qubit and the TLR.
1、我们提出了一个制备多光子偏振状态W型纠缠的方案。该方案利用相干光与多个彼此独立的光子进行非线性相互作用，使相干光获得与光子集体偏振态相关的相位，然后对相干光进行测量。通过选取合适的测量结果，能够制备出接近理想的W态。尽管方案中使用的非线性相互作用很弱，但是通过增大相干光的强度仍能实现很高的成功制备概率。与利用参量下转换制备光子W态的方法相比，该方案具有成功概率高和不需要进行单光子探测的优点。
2、各种量子中继方案是实现远距离量子通信的关键，而‘静止’量子系统（原子系综）和‘飞行’量子系统（光子）组成的混合系统在实现量子中继方面很有优势。现有的量子中继方案都严重地依赖于光子偏振状态的稳定，而实际信道中存在随机噪声，使得偏振状态难以保持稳定。我们提出了一个能够抵抗信道偏振噪声的量子中继方案。通过在光子态中引入时间标记，并相应地调整干涉光路和探测方式，使受信道噪声干扰的信号被自动剔除，从而不会降低纠缠分发的忠实度。该方案还具有对信道损耗和信道长度涨落等噪声的鲁棒性，因此能抵抗各种信道噪声干扰。另外该方案具有简单易行的特点，有望用于构建实用的量子中继器。
3、近年来随着制造和冷却技术的发展，纳米尺度的机械谐振器已能被制备到量子状态，并被应用于量子信息学。我们提出一个利用纳米机械谐振器实现原子量子位和超导量子位强耦合的方案。纳米机械谐振器和原子的耦合通过机械振动产生的电场和把原子激发到里德堡态实现。该方案能用于实现原子和超导量子位之间的量子态转移，从而构成一个既能被快速量子操控（超导量子位）又能长时间存储信息（原子量子位）的混合系统。
4、我们提出一个利用纳米机械谐振器（NAMR）实现超导传输线共振腔（TLR）和单电子自旋量子位（EQ）强耦合的方案。该方案中NAMR和超导腔、NAMR和单电子自旋的耦合都能达到强耦合区域，并且可通过调节外部参数控制耦合的强度。与已有方案利用TLR和EQ直接耦合相比，该方案实现的TLR-EQ有效耦合更强。与已有方案利用超导量子位作为中介实现TLR-EQ有效耦合相比，该方案用作中介的NAMR具有更长的相干时间。该方案中实现的可控强耦合能用于执行单自旋量子位和超导腔之间高忠实度的量子态转移。
Quantum information science is a subject which takes advantage of quantum laws toimplement information processing, and has important application values in the field ofcomputation, communication and so on. However，the physical implementations ofquantum information processing are facing huge challenges since the existing quantumphycial systems can not be able to fulfill all these requirements for implementingquantum information processing. In recent years, a new research idea was beingproposed which is ultilizing the hybrid quantum systems and make the componentsystems complement and benefit each other. The thesis mainly studies on new schemesfor implementing quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems. Themain results and the creative points are as follows.
We present a scheme for preparing three-photon polarization-entangled W states.The signal photons and a strong probe field interact via weak cross-Kerr nonlinearitythat conditionally causes a phase shift on the probe coherent state. A W state is thenprepared with a high success probability by the homodyne measurement andpostselection. Compared with preparing photonic W states via parametric downconversion, the scheme has the characters with high success probability and norequirement for single photon detection.
Various quantum repeater schemes are crucial for realizing long-distance quantumcommunication, and the hybrid systems consisting of ‘static’ quantum systems (atomicensembles) and ‘flying’ quantum system (photons) have the distinguished advantages.The exsiting quantum repeater schemes seriously depend on the stability of polarizationstates of the photons, while there are random noises in the real channels where it is veryhard to maintain the stability of polarization states. We propose a quantum repeaterscheme which is robust against polarization noise of photons transmitted overlong-distance channel. We introduce time-bin photonic states and adjust the two-photoninterference configuration and the detection way, which make the disturbed signals beeliminated, so the fidelity of distributing entanglement is not affected. Our scheme alsois robust against channel loss and channel length fluctuations. Our scheme can beperformed with current experimental setups through making some simple adjustments,and is promsing for constructing practical quantum repeater.
With the development of fabrication and cooling techniques, nanomechanicalresonators recently have been made to quantum ground states and applied in quantuminformation science. We propose a scheme to realize strong coupling between atomicqubit and superconducting qubit via a nanomechanical resonator. The coupling of theatom to the nanomechancial resonator is achieved via the electric field created by thevibratons and by exciting the atom into Rydberg states. The scheme can be used to implementing quantum state transfer between atomic qubit and superconducting qubit,and construct a hybrid system consisting of the fast quantum manipulated part(superconducting qubit) and the long-information-storage time part (atomic qubit).
We propose a scheme to achieve strong coupling between a transmission lineresonator (TLR) and an individual electronic spin qubit (EQ) via a nanomechanicalresonator (NAMR). Both the NAMR-TLR and the NAMR-EQ reach the strongcoupling regime, and the coupling strengthes can be controlled by adjusting externalparameters. Compared with a direct coupling between a EQ and a TLR, the achievedcoupling can be stronger. Compared with the SCQ-mediated systems for realizingTLR-EQ effective coupling, the NAMR as a mediator has a longer coherence time. Thecontrollable strong couplings achived in the scheme be used to implement ahigh-fidelity quantum state transfer between the spin qubit and the TLR.
引文
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