球栅阵列（BGA）集成电路视觉定位系统的研究
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摘要
信息电子产业关系到国家的利益和安全,先进电子制造业是信息电子产业发展的基石,而先进电子制造业的发展,离不开先进的技术装备,但现实是,我国用于高性能芯片封装的设备都是从国外引进,包括视觉定位系统等单元技术,国内还没有自主研制的能力,面阵列芯片封装设备更是一片空白。因此,开发拥有自主版权、适应下一代后封工艺要求的关键生产设备,不仅是我国电子制造产业战略发展的需要,也是我国国民经济健康、持续发展的迫切需求。本文提出一种BGA器件辅助定位系统,并对视觉定位技术中所涉及的体系结构、硬件设计、软件算法等方面进行了系统的研究。
论文提出了一种视觉定位系统的体系结构,分析了系统中的各个功能模块,并对其机械硬件特点与选用原则进行了研究,提出了基于LED补色光源的照明方式,为图像提供充足的无阴影的照明,弱化环境光线的影响。接着集中对视觉定位系统中的光学系统进行了研究,通过对双摄像机成像法及动态摄像法的研究,提出了一种基于单摄像机双目标成像的方法。
在视觉定位系统中,最为关键的技术是芯片引脚图像的轮廓提取,本论文通过对比传统的算子、形态学、小波等理论提出了一种基于分形理论的边缘提取算法,一般传统的边缘检测方法大都是以原图像为基础,检测边缘是利用边缘临近一阶或二阶导数方向变化规律,因为对噪声极度敏感,因此常常边缘误检。为此,本论文首次提出了通过分形参数值来进行BGA芯片边缘检测方法,当图像表面统计特性满足各向同性DFBR场时,可以通过求取分形参数H值进行边缘判断,相对于满足DFBR场模型的图像区域01表示着分形维数小于其拓扑维数,破坏了DFBR场一致性,不再满足各向同性的条件,其原因是区域内出现边缘。本论文还从H参数入手,进一步改进算法,提出了扩充矩阵算法,克服了对噪声不敏感、不漏真边缘又不引入假边缘,运算速度快,效果好,抗干扰性强。
本论文设计开发了一套BGA视觉自动定位系统,在定位系统中,物像及分光镜的标定直接决定着图像定位精度。本论文通过对PCB板、分光棱镜及芯片所处位置进行标定,确保了BGA芯片与PCB板上焊点图像大小一致。本论文通过分析面阵列芯片的特征,对比分析了球形引脚的定位算法,提出了基于点模式匹配的定位算法,该算法实现简单,有较高的定位精度和速度。通过点模式匹配定位算法,计算出X,Y θ方向的位移偏差量,由伺服电机驱动吸盘的微调机构实现BGA芯片和基板的自动对准。将之应用到社会生产实际,能在取得可观的直接经济效益的同时大大降低产品单位的生产、研发成本,提高生产效率,具有极大的社会效益。
Information and electronic industries relates to national interests and security, advanced electronics manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of the development of information and electronic industry, the development of advanced electronics manufacturing industry depends on advanced technology and equipment, but the reality is that high-performance chip packageequipments in China are imported from abroad, including the technology of visual positioning system unit, there are no independently developed the ability, even the area array chip package device is blank. Therefore, To develop their own copyright and to adapt to the process requirements of the next generation after the closure of key production equipment, not only is the need for strategic development of China's electronic manufacturing industry, also meets China's national economic health and sustainable development of the urgent needs. This paper presents a BGA device auxiliary positioning systems, and studies systematly on the visual positioning technology which includes architecture, hardware design, software algorithms and other aspects of the system.f a single packageform, which is a big step forward for the IC packaging.But he surface array chip packaging equipment also puts forward higher requirements and visual positioning technology is a key technology in the packaging equipment unit.In this paper, architecture, hardware design, software algorithms and other aspects which involve the visual positioning technology are being studied.
The paper presents the architecture of a visual positioning system, analysis of the various functional modules in the system, and studies mechanical hardware characteristics and the selection of the principles, puts forward complementary color light source based on LED lighting,provides sufficient free imageshadow lighting for the image with weakening the influence of ambient light.Then focusing on the study of the visual positioning system of the optical system, it proposes a method based on single-camera, dual-target imaging by the study of dual-camera imaging and dynamic camera France.
In the visual positioning system, the most critical technology is the contour extraction of chip pin image. In this thesis, by contrast to the traditional operator, morphological, wavelet theory and so on, it proposes edge detection algorithm based on fractal theory. Generally, traditional edge detection methods are mostly based on the original image.Edge detection uses the edge near the first or second derivative direction variation so it is extremely sensitive to noise and it often causes the edge of false detection.This image processing is extremely unfavorable, this paper Proposed fractal-based algorithm for image edge detection method. When the statistical properties of the image surface to meet the isotropic DFBR field, we can strike a fractal parameter H to determine the value of the edge, to meet DFBR field model for the image region01means that the fractal dimension of small its topological dimension, destroyed DFBR field consistency, no longer meet the conditions of isotropy, the reason lies in the edge region. Starting from the H parameter in this paper, detect the edge image, and make further improvements in the algorithm and propose compatibilizer matrix,which overcomes the less sensitive to noise, misses the true edge without the introduction of false edges, improves operation speed and with the good effect and strong anti-jamming.
In this thesis, it designs and develops a BGA visual automatic positioning system. In positioning system, image and spectroscopic calibration directly determine image positioning accuracy. Through the location of the PCB, prism and chip calibration,it ensures the BGA chip and the PCB solder joint image match with the same size.By analyzing the characteristics of the area array chip, this paperproposes the localization algorithm based on point pattern matching, which is simple, high positioning accuracy and speed.With the point pattern matching algorithm,it calculates the displacement deviation of X, Y,θ direction, by fine-tuning of the servo motor-driven suction institutions to achieve automatic alignment of the BGA chip and the substrate. Applied to the social production of reality, it can achieve significant direct economic benefits and at the same time, the production of product units, R&D costs will greatly reduce, which improves production efficiency and has great social benefits.
论文提出了一种视觉定位系统的体系结构,分析了系统中的各个功能模块,并对其机械硬件特点与选用原则进行了研究,提出了基于LED补色光源的照明方式,为图像提供充足的无阴影的照明,弱化环境光线的影响。接着集中对视觉定位系统中的光学系统进行了研究,通过对双摄像机成像法及动态摄像法的研究,提出了一种基于单摄像机双目标成像的方法。
在视觉定位系统中,最为关键的技术是芯片引脚图像的轮廓提取,本论文通过对比传统的算子、形态学、小波等理论提出了一种基于分形理论的边缘提取算法,一般传统的边缘检测方法大都是以原图像为基础,检测边缘是利用边缘临近一阶或二阶导数方向变化规律,因为对噪声极度敏感,因此常常边缘误检。为此,本论文首次提出了通过分形参数值来进行BGA芯片边缘检测方法,当图像表面统计特性满足各向同性DFBR场时,可以通过求取分形参数H值进行边缘判断,相对于满足DFBR场模型的图像区域0
本论文设计开发了一套BGA视觉自动定位系统,在定位系统中,物像及分光镜的标定直接决定着图像定位精度。本论文通过对PCB板、分光棱镜及芯片所处位置进行标定,确保了BGA芯片与PCB板上焊点图像大小一致。本论文通过分析面阵列芯片的特征,对比分析了球形引脚的定位算法,提出了基于点模式匹配的定位算法,该算法实现简单,有较高的定位精度和速度。通过点模式匹配定位算法,计算出X,Y θ方向的位移偏差量,由伺服电机驱动吸盘的微调机构实现BGA芯片和基板的自动对准。将之应用到社会生产实际,能在取得可观的直接经济效益的同时大大降低产品单位的生产、研发成本,提高生产效率,具有极大的社会效益。
Information and electronic industries relates to national interests and security, advanced electronics manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of the development of information and electronic industry, the development of advanced electronics manufacturing industry depends on advanced technology and equipment, but the reality is that high-performance chip packageequipments in China are imported from abroad, including the technology of visual positioning system unit, there are no independently developed the ability, even the area array chip package device is blank. Therefore, To develop their own copyright and to adapt to the process requirements of the next generation after the closure of key production equipment, not only is the need for strategic development of China's electronic manufacturing industry, also meets China's national economic health and sustainable development of the urgent needs. This paper presents a BGA device auxiliary positioning systems, and studies systematly on the visual positioning technology which includes architecture, hardware design, software algorithms and other aspects of the system.f a single packageform, which is a big step forward for the IC packaging.But he surface array chip packaging equipment also puts forward higher requirements and visual positioning technology is a key technology in the packaging equipment unit.In this paper, architecture, hardware design, software algorithms and other aspects which involve the visual positioning technology are being studied.
The paper presents the architecture of a visual positioning system, analysis of the various functional modules in the system, and studies mechanical hardware characteristics and the selection of the principles, puts forward complementary color light source based on LED lighting,provides sufficient free imageshadow lighting for the image with weakening the influence of ambient light.Then focusing on the study of the visual positioning system of the optical system, it proposes a method based on single-camera, dual-target imaging by the study of dual-camera imaging and dynamic camera France.
In the visual positioning system, the most critical technology is the contour extraction of chip pin image. In this thesis, by contrast to the traditional operator, morphological, wavelet theory and so on, it proposes edge detection algorithm based on fractal theory. Generally, traditional edge detection methods are mostly based on the original image.Edge detection uses the edge near the first or second derivative direction variation so it is extremely sensitive to noise and it often causes the edge of false detection.This image processing is extremely unfavorable, this paper Proposed fractal-based algorithm for image edge detection method. When the statistical properties of the image surface to meet the isotropic DFBR field, we can strike a fractal parameter H to determine the value of the edge, to meet DFBR field model for the image region0
In this thesis, it designs and develops a BGA visual automatic positioning system. In positioning system, image and spectroscopic calibration directly determine image positioning accuracy. Through the location of the PCB, prism and chip calibration,it ensures the BGA chip and the PCB solder joint image match with the same size.By analyzing the characteristics of the area array chip, this paperproposes the localization algorithm based on point pattern matching, which is simple, high positioning accuracy and speed.With the point pattern matching algorithm,it calculates the displacement deviation of X, Y,θ direction, by fine-tuning of the servo motor-driven suction institutions to achieve automatic alignment of the BGA chip and the substrate. Applied to the social production of reality, it can achieve significant direct economic benefits and at the same time, the production of product units, R&D costs will greatly reduce, which improves production efficiency and has great social benefits.
引文
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