大学生生存理由及其对自杀意念的影响研究
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摘要
目的：(1)修订生存理由量表,建立生存理由量表的中文版,并检验其在国内大学生中的信效度；(2)了解国内大学生生存理由及其对自杀意念的影响,找到有效促进大学生自杀防控的关键方法。
方法：(1)中文版生存理由量表在国内大学生中的信效度研究由湖南省某六所高校共2166名大学生参与完成。4周后,140名大学生参加了重测。信度检验采用Cronbach's α系数、条目与分量表分相关和重测信度。效度检验包括结构效度(探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析及分量表分相关)和内容效度(聚合效度及区分效度)。(2)随后的研究由湖南某六所高校2951名大学生参与完成。所用统计方法：描述性统计、t检验、F检验、回归分析。
结果：(1)中文版生存理由量表总量表Cronbach'sα系数为0.94；各因子α系数在0.74-0.94之间；总量表的重测信度为0.75,各因子重测信度在0.65-0.87；条目与相应的因子相关系数在0.67-0.93之间。验证性因子分析的指标均达到测量学要求。区分效度和聚合效度满意。(2)大学生样本在SCB、RFF、CRC维度上的得分较高。(3)生存理由的年级主效应不显著,大学生生存理由的年级与专业类型、学习情况、专业喜欢程度、有无宗教信仰、性别、生源地变量的交互作用显著。(4)在不同的家庭环境中成长的大学生生存理由有显著差异。遭遇了亲友自杀、危及生命的自然灾害的个体生存理由分均显著低于没有遭遇过这些经历的样本组。家庭环境量表高分组与低分组样本之间生存理由有显著差异。(5)EPQ人格问卷E、N、P因子分高分组、生活事件高分组的RFL-C总分、SCB、RFF、CRC维度分均显著低于其低分组,而FS、FSD、MO维度分显著高于后者。SCL-90量表阳性症状组SCB维度分都显著比阴性症状组得分低。(6)神经质因子、精神质因子、内向-外向因子,强迫因子、焦虑因子、躯体化因子,家庭环境如对家庭的喜欢程度、家庭结构、家庭经济状况及家庭的亲密度、情感表达、文化性、娱乐性因子,负性生活事件如学习压力、亲人中的自杀、人际关系事件、丧失事件、其他重大生活事件,年级变量、生源地变量、性别变量对生存理由低分有不同程度的预测作用。(7)生存理由总量表及SCB、RFF、CRC、 FSD、MO分量表在压力性生活事件与大学生自杀意念关系之间存在补偿效应；生存理由总量表、SCB、RFF、CRC、FS分量表分在压力性生活事件与大学生自杀意念之间起着部分中介作用；压力性生活事件与生存理由(生存理由总量表,SCB、RFF、CRC、FSD)的调节项对大学生自杀意念的预测作用显著。
结论：(1)中文版生存理由量表在大学生中存在良好的信效度；(2)不同专业、不同性别、不同生源地、有无宗教信仰、对专业喜欢程度不同的大学生样本的生存理由表述呈现年级差异；不同家庭环境、是否遭遇压力性生活事件、不同个性特点、不同心理健康状态的样本其生存理由表述不同；心理健康状况、家庭环境、压力性生活事件及生源地、性别、年级变量对大学生生存理由存在不同程度的影响。(3)生存理由可以在一定程度上抵消压力性生活事件对大学生自杀意念的不利影响,起到风险补偿效应。压力性生活事件既直接作用于大学生自杀意念,又通过生存理由能产生间接作用；生存理由可以缓冲压力性生活事件对大学生自杀意念的促进作用。增强学生的内在生存信念,提高学生在自杀预防中的主动性是大学生自杀意念有效防控的重要而关键的方法。
Objective:(1)One aim of the study was to revise the reasons for living inventory,and examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory in the Chinese college students;(2) The other aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics and factors of the college students' reasons for living and the influence to the college students' suicide idea, and put forward the ways to prevent college student's suicide idea.
Methods:(1) The psychometric study of the Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory included2166participants,recruited from five universities in Hunan.140college students participated in the test-retest reliability assessment after4weeks.Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's a coefficients, test-retest reliability, item-subscale correlations, while validity was assessed by construct validity and content validity.(2)2951participants from six universites in Hu Nan participated succedent studies.The statistical methods included descriptive statistics、t test、F test and regression analysis。
Results:(1) RFL-C had a Cronbach's a coefficient of0.94. The internal consistency estimates of all subscales ranged from0.74to0.94.The test-retest reliability of RFL-C was0.75,The test-retest reliability of all subscales ranged from0.65to0.87.Item-subscale correlations ranged from0.67to0.93. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated good structural validity of RFL-C. It also had satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.(2) Subjects had high scores on the SCB、RFF、CRC;(3) Grade main effect on the scores of RFL-C and subscales wasn't notable.There was marked interaction between grade and speciality,and sex,and religion,and the degree students like their speciality,and school results on the scores of RFL-C.(4) There was no prominent different on scores of RFL-C and subscales among groups that come from different families; The scores of RFL-C and subscale of subjects who experienced their relatives and friends'suicide and natural calamities were prominent lower than subjects without experiencing their relatives and friends' suicide and natural calamities; there was prominent different between high score group and low score group of the Family Environment Scale;(5) the total score of RFL-C and the scores of SCB、RFF、CRC of high score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List were prominent lower than low score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, the scores of FS、FSD、 MO of high score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List were prominent higher than low score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List; SCB score of positive symptom group of SCL-90was prominent lower than negative symptom group;(6) These factors including three subscales of EPQ, Somatization、Compulsion、Anxiety of SCL-90, family structure、family economic conditions、affection、emotion expressiveness、knowledge and amusement in family environment,negative life events,grade,sex presented different Prediction effect on the low scores of RFL-C。(7) Total score of the reasons for living inventory and SCB、RFF、CRC、 FSD、MO had compensatory effects on the association between negative life events and colleges' suicide ideations;Total score of the reasons for living inventory and SCB、RFF、CRC、FS had partial moderation effects on the association between negative life events and colleges' suicide ideations; Mediation effects of negative life events and reasons for living were prominent on predicting colleges'suicide ideao
Conclusions:(1) The Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory represented satisfactory reliability and validity;(2) The reasons for living of different college groups appeared significant difference;These factors including personality、mental health、home environment、negative life events、growing place、gender、grade inordinately influenced on the students 'reasons for living;(3) The reasons for living could offset the adverse effects that stressful life events did on suicide idea,and played the risk compensation effect;stressful life events not only direct effected on college students' suicide idea, through the existence reasons for living produced indirect effect; The reasons to live could buffer the action that stressful life events of college student promoted suicide idea.The prime strategy to prevent students' suicide idea should be to strengthen colleges'reasons for living,improve the students' initiative in suicide crisis prevention.
方法：(1)中文版生存理由量表在国内大学生中的信效度研究由湖南省某六所高校共2166名大学生参与完成。4周后,140名大学生参加了重测。信度检验采用Cronbach's α系数、条目与分量表分相关和重测信度。效度检验包括结构效度(探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析及分量表分相关)和内容效度(聚合效度及区分效度)。(2)随后的研究由湖南某六所高校2951名大学生参与完成。所用统计方法：描述性统计、t检验、F检验、回归分析。
结果：(1)中文版生存理由量表总量表Cronbach'sα系数为0.94；各因子α系数在0.74-0.94之间；总量表的重测信度为0.75,各因子重测信度在0.65-0.87；条目与相应的因子相关系数在0.67-0.93之间。验证性因子分析的指标均达到测量学要求。区分效度和聚合效度满意。(2)大学生样本在SCB、RFF、CRC维度上的得分较高。(3)生存理由的年级主效应不显著,大学生生存理由的年级与专业类型、学习情况、专业喜欢程度、有无宗教信仰、性别、生源地变量的交互作用显著。(4)在不同的家庭环境中成长的大学生生存理由有显著差异。遭遇了亲友自杀、危及生命的自然灾害的个体生存理由分均显著低于没有遭遇过这些经历的样本组。家庭环境量表高分组与低分组样本之间生存理由有显著差异。(5)EPQ人格问卷E、N、P因子分高分组、生活事件高分组的RFL-C总分、SCB、RFF、CRC维度分均显著低于其低分组,而FS、FSD、MO维度分显著高于后者。SCL-90量表阳性症状组SCB维度分都显著比阴性症状组得分低。(6)神经质因子、精神质因子、内向-外向因子,强迫因子、焦虑因子、躯体化因子,家庭环境如对家庭的喜欢程度、家庭结构、家庭经济状况及家庭的亲密度、情感表达、文化性、娱乐性因子,负性生活事件如学习压力、亲人中的自杀、人际关系事件、丧失事件、其他重大生活事件,年级变量、生源地变量、性别变量对生存理由低分有不同程度的预测作用。(7)生存理由总量表及SCB、RFF、CRC、 FSD、MO分量表在压力性生活事件与大学生自杀意念关系之间存在补偿效应；生存理由总量表、SCB、RFF、CRC、FS分量表分在压力性生活事件与大学生自杀意念之间起着部分中介作用；压力性生活事件与生存理由(生存理由总量表,SCB、RFF、CRC、FSD)的调节项对大学生自杀意念的预测作用显著。
结论：(1)中文版生存理由量表在大学生中存在良好的信效度；(2)不同专业、不同性别、不同生源地、有无宗教信仰、对专业喜欢程度不同的大学生样本的生存理由表述呈现年级差异；不同家庭环境、是否遭遇压力性生活事件、不同个性特点、不同心理健康状态的样本其生存理由表述不同；心理健康状况、家庭环境、压力性生活事件及生源地、性别、年级变量对大学生生存理由存在不同程度的影响。(3)生存理由可以在一定程度上抵消压力性生活事件对大学生自杀意念的不利影响,起到风险补偿效应。压力性生活事件既直接作用于大学生自杀意念,又通过生存理由能产生间接作用；生存理由可以缓冲压力性生活事件对大学生自杀意念的促进作用。增强学生的内在生存信念,提高学生在自杀预防中的主动性是大学生自杀意念有效防控的重要而关键的方法。
Objective:(1)One aim of the study was to revise the reasons for living inventory,and examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory in the Chinese college students;(2) The other aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics and factors of the college students' reasons for living and the influence to the college students' suicide idea, and put forward the ways to prevent college student's suicide idea.
Methods:(1) The psychometric study of the Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory included2166participants,recruited from five universities in Hunan.140college students participated in the test-retest reliability assessment after4weeks.Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's a coefficients, test-retest reliability, item-subscale correlations, while validity was assessed by construct validity and content validity.(2)2951participants from six universites in Hu Nan participated succedent studies.The statistical methods included descriptive statistics、t test、F test and regression analysis。
Results:(1) RFL-C had a Cronbach's a coefficient of0.94. The internal consistency estimates of all subscales ranged from0.74to0.94.The test-retest reliability of RFL-C was0.75,The test-retest reliability of all subscales ranged from0.65to0.87.Item-subscale correlations ranged from0.67to0.93. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated good structural validity of RFL-C. It also had satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.(2) Subjects had high scores on the SCB、RFF、CRC;(3) Grade main effect on the scores of RFL-C and subscales wasn't notable.There was marked interaction between grade and speciality,and sex,and religion,and the degree students like their speciality,and school results on the scores of RFL-C.(4) There was no prominent different on scores of RFL-C and subscales among groups that come from different families; The scores of RFL-C and subscale of subjects who experienced their relatives and friends'suicide and natural calamities were prominent lower than subjects without experiencing their relatives and friends' suicide and natural calamities; there was prominent different between high score group and low score group of the Family Environment Scale;(5) the total score of RFL-C and the scores of SCB、RFF、CRC of high score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List were prominent lower than low score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, the scores of FS、FSD、 MO of high score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List were prominent higher than low score group of EPQ and of the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List; SCB score of positive symptom group of SCL-90was prominent lower than negative symptom group;(6) These factors including three subscales of EPQ, Somatization、Compulsion、Anxiety of SCL-90, family structure、family economic conditions、affection、emotion expressiveness、knowledge and amusement in family environment,negative life events,grade,sex presented different Prediction effect on the low scores of RFL-C。(7) Total score of the reasons for living inventory and SCB、RFF、CRC、 FSD、MO had compensatory effects on the association between negative life events and colleges' suicide ideations;Total score of the reasons for living inventory and SCB、RFF、CRC、FS had partial moderation effects on the association between negative life events and colleges' suicide ideations; Mediation effects of negative life events and reasons for living were prominent on predicting colleges'suicide ideao
Conclusions:(1) The Chinese version of the reasons for living inventory represented satisfactory reliability and validity;(2) The reasons for living of different college groups appeared significant difference;These factors including personality、mental health、home environment、negative life events、growing place、gender、grade inordinately influenced on the students 'reasons for living;(3) The reasons for living could offset the adverse effects that stressful life events did on suicide idea,and played the risk compensation effect;stressful life events not only direct effected on college students' suicide idea, through the existence reasons for living produced indirect effect; The reasons to live could buffer the action that stressful life events of college student promoted suicide idea.The prime strategy to prevent students' suicide idea should be to strengthen colleges'reasons for living,improve the students' initiative in suicide crisis prevention.
引文
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