鸭茅对干旱胁迫的生理响应及分子机制研究
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摘要
鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata L.)是世界著名的多年生冷季型禾本科牧草,其草质柔嫩、高产、优质、耐荫、适应性强等优点被大量应用于草山草坡改良及喀斯特地区石漠化治理等,具有较高的应用价值和开发前景。然而,干旱作为一个世界性问题,是影响植物在形态、生理及基因表达水平上发生变化,限制植物生长发育和产量提高的主要逆境因子之一。因此,研究干旱对植物的影响及植物对干旱的响应机制,对选育耐旱性新品种,发挥现有水资源的增产潜力,解决水资源短缺具有重要意义。本文在对9个鸭茅优良品种(系)种子和幼苗的抗旱特性进行比较研究的基础上,以抗旱性存在明显差异的“宝兴”鸭茅(耐旱型)和“01998”鸭茅(敏感型)为研究对象,从光合特性、渗透调节、抗氧化酶活性及相应基因表达方面探讨鸭茅对干旱胁迫及复水恢复后的响应机制。主要研究结果如下：
1.鸭茅种子萌发对渗透胁迫响应与耐旱性评价
9份鸭茅品种(系)的萌发期抗旱性研究表明,PEG胁迫降低了鸭茅种质的发芽势和发芽率,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。采用性状相对值进行耐旱性的综合评价,可避免各材料在正常条件下发芽率和发芽势的差异对结果的影响,结合萌发抗旱指数(GDRI)、活力抗旱指数(Ⅵ)、相对发芽率(RGR)、相对发芽势(RGV)、相对胚芽长(REBL)和相对胚根长(RRL)6个指标,应用模糊数学中隶属函数法对鸭茅种质萌发期耐旱性进行综合评价,得出9个鸭茅耐旱隶属函数总平均值范围为0.139～0.935,宝兴总平均值最高,其次为02-116和斯巴达,总平均值分别为0.935、0.883、0.824,而01998平均值最低,为0.139。抗旱性大小排序为宝兴>02-116>斯巴达>金牛>古蔺>川东>德娜塔>波特>01998。
2.鸭茅苗期抗旱性鉴定及综合评价
9份鸭茅品种(系)的苗期阶段抗旱性研究表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,各材料的株高,相对含水量(RWC)均显著下降,脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(TSS)作为重要的渗透调节物质,其含量显著增加,细胞膜透性数值变大,膜受伤害程度增大。同时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)作为主要的抗氧化保护酶类,其活性呈先上升后下降趋势,结合上述9个指标,利用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析研究各项指标与种质材料抗旱性关系,综合鉴定不同鸭茅种质苗期耐旱性,将9份种质材料苗期抗旱性划分为3个等级,抗旱性相对较强的是宝兴、02-116、斯巴达,中等抗旱性的是金牛、古蔺、川东、德娜塔,抗旱性相对敏感的是波特、01998。
3.鸭茅根系生长及叶片光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应
不同土壤含水量胁迫条件下,“宝兴”(耐旱)和“01998”(敏感)鸭茅根系生长及叶片光合特性的生理响应变化表明,干旱胁迫降低了两个鸭茅材料的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度,却提高了电导率含量和胞间CO2浓度。其中,“01998”变化幅度较大,而“宝兴”变化幅度小,表现出较强的耐旱性。研究还表明,在轻度土壤胁迫下,气孔因素是限制不同抗旱性鸭茅光合作用降低的主要因素,而重度胁迫以非气孔限制为主；同时,干旱胁迫降低了两个鸭茅材料的单株叶面积,以及“01998”的地下及地上植株生物量,而对“宝兴”无显著影响,两个材料的根系活力和根数在SWC降到30%时显著增加并达到最大值,且“宝兴”根系活力显著高于“01998”。因此,土壤水分胁迫下,耐旱型材料可以通过提高根系活力、保持较高的根系生长量,增强根系吸水能力,进而维持较高的光合面积和光合速率,缓解干旱对生长的抑制。结合上述指标比较鸭茅抗旱型品种与敏感型品种在不同土壤相对含水量胁迫下的生理响应,可以推断土壤相对含水量保持在40%-50%,可以有效促进幼苗的健壮生长。
4.干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响
以两种不同耐旱性的鸭茅基因型(敏感型“01998”和耐旱型“宝兴”)为研究对象,探讨鸭茅不同营养器官耐旱机制之间的差异。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,两种基因型鸭茅根系及叶片电导率(EL),丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加,渗透调节物质可溶性糖(TSS)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)不断积累,而可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈先上升后下降趋势。其中,叶片脂膜过氧化产物MDA累积和膜透性增幅较大,说明在持续的干旱胁迫下叶片所受伤害重于根系。而渗透物质积累方面,叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量高于根系,而根系中的游离氨基酸的相对增加量则大于叶片,这可能由于叶片是糖的主要产生部位,而根系则可以合成氨基酸有关。研究还表明,干旱胁迫第24天,耐旱型品种“宝兴”根系及叶片APX、POD活性显著高于“01998”表明重度干旱胁迫并没有降低APX和POD酶清除H2O2和单态氧的能力,说明“宝兴”鸭茅在干旱条件下抗氧化清除系统响应更积极、更持久。
5.相同水分-亏-缺及复水对鸭茅抗氧化酶系统活性及基因表达的影响
在相同水分亏缺情况下,比较两个不同耐旱性的鸭茅基因型“01998”和“宝兴”在干旱胁迫及复水恢复过程中生理,分子方面的不同表现,结果表明,当两个基因型RWC降低到同一水平(“宝兴”干旱处理24天RWC下降到20%；“01998”干旱处理21天RWC下降到20%),抗氧化酶防御系统中清除氧化损害的三种酶SOD、CAT、 POD为鸭茅适应干旱胁迫,减轻氧胁迫毒害提供了重要的抗氧化保护,然而CAT、 POD酶活性主要在复水恢复中清除不同细胞定位的H2O2,促进细胞修复中发挥重要作用。另外,当处于相同水分胁迫条件时,耐旱型品种“宝兴”具有较高的SOD表达水平,可能是“宝兴”抗氧化酶保护系统适应干旱的一部分,而复水过程中,“宝兴”POD的基因表达水平和酶活性水平均显著高于“01998”,表明POD在减少氧化损伤和复水恢复过程中发挥着重要作用。
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is indigenous to northern Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia, which has been naturalized on nearly every continent. Orchardgrass has higher application value and development prospects and is widely applied to mountain slope improvement and rocky desertification of karst area owing to its good nutrition, high yield, biomass production and good shade tolerance.However, Drought stress, as a worldwide problem, is one of the major abiotic factors limiting plant growth and productivity, and induces various changes at the morphologic, physiological, and genomic levels during adaptation to drought stress in plants.Therefore, studying the mechanisms for drought resistance and the adaptation and regulatory mechanisms to drought in plants is crucial for selecting and breeding drought-tolerant cultivars, which could be an important solution to the water shortage.Drought tolerance of nine Orchardgrass cultivates were evaluated in this study, and then two types of Orchardgrass, which genotypes differing in drought tolerance (drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' and drought-sensitive '01998'), were used to investigate different physiological and molecular responses to drought stress and rewatering. The main results were as follows:
1. Seed Germination Response to Osmotic Stress and Drought Tolerance Evaluation of Orchardgrass
The results of germination stage showed that the germinating vigor and germinating rate,the growth rate of embryo bud and root were all decreased by PEG water stress. The drought resistance of all germplasm was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method. Based on the Drought tolerant index, plant vigor tolerant index, relative seed germination rate, relative seed germination vigor, relative embryo bud length (dry weight), and relative radical length (dry weight) of nine Orchardgrass germplasm were measured to evaluate their drought tolerant ability.9Dactylis glomerata materials were ordered below based on their drought tolerance:Baoxing>02-116>Sparta> Aldebaran> Gulin> Chuandong> Donata> Proto>01998.
2. Drought Resistance Evaluation of Orchardgrass Germplasms at Seedling Stage
The results of seedling stage showed that all of the materials decrease to various extent in plant height, leaf relative water content (RWC) under drought stress. Whereas, they showed an increase in free praline accumulation (Pro) and soluble sugar content (TSS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Guaiacol peroxidase (POD) as the main antioxidant protection enzymes, the activity increased firstly and then decreased. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to explore their drought resistance. The materials were divided into three drought resistant types based on Euclidian Distance method. The most drought resistant germplasm were'Baoxing','02-116','Sparta'and the moderate drought resistant ones were'Aldebaran','Gulin','Chuandong','Donata' while the drought sensitive ones were 'Proto' and '01998'.
3. Effects of drought stress on root growth and photosynthetic characters of Orchard grass seedlings
Using drought-sensitive Orchardgrass genotapy '01998' and drought-tolerant genotapy 'Baoxing' as test materials to study the effects of drought stress on root system morphology, physiological characteristics and leaf photosynthesis of Orchardgrass seedlings, aiming to investigate the differences of drought tolerance mechanism between different cultivars of Orchardgrass seedlings.The test results showed that drought stress decreased the relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, Pn, gs, and Tr of the two materials, among them, the large r variations in "01998", while at the same time, electrolyte leakage and Intercellular CO2concentration increased, thereinto'01998'changed most obviously while 'Baoxing' changed only slightly under drought stress. Studies also showed that,stomatal restriction was the main factor for the net photosynthetic rate's decrease in the leaves of two orchardgrass genotypes under the light soil stress. While non-stomatal restriction was the main factor under serious soil stress. And meanwhile, drought stress decreased the individual leaf area of the two materials and underground and aboveground plant biomass of '01998', but had no significant effects on 'Baoxing'. Two materials of the root activity and root number increased significantly when SWC decreased to30%and reached the maximum.therefore, under drought stress, drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' were able to maintain higher photosynthetic area and photosynthetic rate by improving the root activity, maintaining higher root biomass, enhancing the ability of root water adsorption.lt was also optimal to keep soil relative moisture content in40%-50%in sandy loam for maximum growth of Orchardgrass.
4. Effects of Drought Stress on Lipid Peroxidation, Osmotic Accumulation and Activity of Protective Enzymes in Root and Leaf of Orchardgrass
In order to investigate the different drought tolerance mechanism in Orchardgrass, the objective of this research was to study the different responses associating with lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment and activity of protective enzymes in root and leaf to drought stress of two different genotypes of Orchardgrass (drought-sensitive '01998'and drought-tolerance 'Baoxing').The results showed that with the extension of drought stress, MDA content and electrolyte leakage in root and leaf of two Orchardgrass increased while total soluble sugar content and free proline content were accumulated. At the same time, soluble protein content, SOD, CAT, POD, APX activities increased initially and then decreased. As the results showed, significantly higher cell membrane stability, content of osmotic adjustment substances and activities of SOD, CAT, POD, APX as well as lower lipid peroxidation level in root and leaf of 'Baoxing' were observed as compared with the '01998' under drought stress. In addition, APX and POD activity in root and leaf of "Baoxing" was higher than that of the '01998' under24-days drought stress, which indicated that its ability to scavenge for singlet oxygen and H2O2was not weakened by drought stress. Drought tolerant 'Baoxing' showed more active and stable peroxidation ability under drought stress.
5. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Gene Expression Patterns in Leaves of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) during drought stress and recovery
The study was designed to investigate different physiological and molecular responses of two genotypes of Orchardgrass (drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' and drought-sensitive '01998') to drought stress and rewatering. The '01998' and 'BaoXing' were exposed to drought stress for21days and24days in a growth chamber, respectively allowing the leaf relative water content (RWC) of both genotypes to drop to the same level (20%). Significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were observed in the 'Baoxing' compared to the '01998' under drought stress and rewatering. CAT and POD for H2O2scavenging was associated with post-drought recovery on rewatering in Orchardgrass.The maintenance of higher transcripts levels of SOD in 'Baoxing' versus '01998' when both cultivars were exposed to the same level of water deficit suggests that the activation of SOD expression could be involved in the antioxidant protection of Orchardgrass during drought. At both enzymatic activity and gene transcript levels, POD was significantly higher in drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' than in drought-sensitive '01998' under post-drought recovery, suggesting that POD could play critical roles protecting plants from drought-induced oxidative stress and the recovery from drought damages.
1.鸭茅种子萌发对渗透胁迫响应与耐旱性评价
9份鸭茅品种(系)的萌发期抗旱性研究表明,PEG胁迫降低了鸭茅种质的发芽势和发芽率,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。采用性状相对值进行耐旱性的综合评价,可避免各材料在正常条件下发芽率和发芽势的差异对结果的影响,结合萌发抗旱指数(GDRI)、活力抗旱指数(Ⅵ)、相对发芽率(RGR)、相对发芽势(RGV)、相对胚芽长(REBL)和相对胚根长(RRL)6个指标,应用模糊数学中隶属函数法对鸭茅种质萌发期耐旱性进行综合评价,得出9个鸭茅耐旱隶属函数总平均值范围为0.139～0.935,宝兴总平均值最高,其次为02-116和斯巴达,总平均值分别为0.935、0.883、0.824,而01998平均值最低,为0.139。抗旱性大小排序为宝兴>02-116>斯巴达>金牛>古蔺>川东>德娜塔>波特>01998。
2.鸭茅苗期抗旱性鉴定及综合评价
9份鸭茅品种(系)的苗期阶段抗旱性研究表明,在干旱胁迫条件下,各材料的株高,相对含水量(RWC)均显著下降,脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(TSS)作为重要的渗透调节物质,其含量显著增加,细胞膜透性数值变大,膜受伤害程度增大。同时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)作为主要的抗氧化保护酶类,其活性呈先上升后下降趋势,结合上述9个指标,利用方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析研究各项指标与种质材料抗旱性关系,综合鉴定不同鸭茅种质苗期耐旱性,将9份种质材料苗期抗旱性划分为3个等级,抗旱性相对较强的是宝兴、02-116、斯巴达,中等抗旱性的是金牛、古蔺、川东、德娜塔,抗旱性相对敏感的是波特、01998。
3.鸭茅根系生长及叶片光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应
不同土壤含水量胁迫条件下,“宝兴”(耐旱)和“01998”(敏感)鸭茅根系生长及叶片光合特性的生理响应变化表明,干旱胁迫降低了两个鸭茅材料的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度,却提高了电导率含量和胞间CO2浓度。其中,“01998”变化幅度较大,而“宝兴”变化幅度小,表现出较强的耐旱性。研究还表明,在轻度土壤胁迫下,气孔因素是限制不同抗旱性鸭茅光合作用降低的主要因素,而重度胁迫以非气孔限制为主；同时,干旱胁迫降低了两个鸭茅材料的单株叶面积,以及“01998”的地下及地上植株生物量,而对“宝兴”无显著影响,两个材料的根系活力和根数在SWC降到30%时显著增加并达到最大值,且“宝兴”根系活力显著高于“01998”。因此,土壤水分胁迫下,耐旱型材料可以通过提高根系活力、保持较高的根系生长量,增强根系吸水能力,进而维持较高的光合面积和光合速率,缓解干旱对生长的抑制。结合上述指标比较鸭茅抗旱型品种与敏感型品种在不同土壤相对含水量胁迫下的生理响应,可以推断土壤相对含水量保持在40%-50%,可以有效促进幼苗的健壮生长。
4.干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响
以两种不同耐旱性的鸭茅基因型(敏感型“01998”和耐旱型“宝兴”)为研究对象,探讨鸭茅不同营养器官耐旱机制之间的差异。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,两种基因型鸭茅根系及叶片电导率(EL),丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加,渗透调节物质可溶性糖(TSS)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)不断积累,而可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈先上升后下降趋势。其中,叶片脂膜过氧化产物MDA累积和膜透性增幅较大,说明在持续的干旱胁迫下叶片所受伤害重于根系。而渗透物质积累方面,叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量高于根系,而根系中的游离氨基酸的相对增加量则大于叶片,这可能由于叶片是糖的主要产生部位,而根系则可以合成氨基酸有关。研究还表明,干旱胁迫第24天,耐旱型品种“宝兴”根系及叶片APX、POD活性显著高于“01998”表明重度干旱胁迫并没有降低APX和POD酶清除H2O2和单态氧的能力,说明“宝兴”鸭茅在干旱条件下抗氧化清除系统响应更积极、更持久。
5.相同水分-亏-缺及复水对鸭茅抗氧化酶系统活性及基因表达的影响
在相同水分亏缺情况下,比较两个不同耐旱性的鸭茅基因型“01998”和“宝兴”在干旱胁迫及复水恢复过程中生理,分子方面的不同表现,结果表明,当两个基因型RWC降低到同一水平(“宝兴”干旱处理24天RWC下降到20%；“01998”干旱处理21天RWC下降到20%),抗氧化酶防御系统中清除氧化损害的三种酶SOD、CAT、 POD为鸭茅适应干旱胁迫,减轻氧胁迫毒害提供了重要的抗氧化保护,然而CAT、 POD酶活性主要在复水恢复中清除不同细胞定位的H2O2,促进细胞修复中发挥重要作用。另外,当处于相同水分胁迫条件时,耐旱型品种“宝兴”具有较高的SOD表达水平,可能是“宝兴”抗氧化酶保护系统适应干旱的一部分,而复水过程中,“宝兴”POD的基因表达水平和酶活性水平均显著高于“01998”,表明POD在减少氧化损伤和复水恢复过程中发挥着重要作用。
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is indigenous to northern Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia, which has been naturalized on nearly every continent. Orchardgrass has higher application value and development prospects and is widely applied to mountain slope improvement and rocky desertification of karst area owing to its good nutrition, high yield, biomass production and good shade tolerance.However, Drought stress, as a worldwide problem, is one of the major abiotic factors limiting plant growth and productivity, and induces various changes at the morphologic, physiological, and genomic levels during adaptation to drought stress in plants.Therefore, studying the mechanisms for drought resistance and the adaptation and regulatory mechanisms to drought in plants is crucial for selecting and breeding drought-tolerant cultivars, which could be an important solution to the water shortage.Drought tolerance of nine Orchardgrass cultivates were evaluated in this study, and then two types of Orchardgrass, which genotypes differing in drought tolerance (drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' and drought-sensitive '01998'), were used to investigate different physiological and molecular responses to drought stress and rewatering. The main results were as follows:
1. Seed Germination Response to Osmotic Stress and Drought Tolerance Evaluation of Orchardgrass
The results of germination stage showed that the germinating vigor and germinating rate,the growth rate of embryo bud and root were all decreased by PEG water stress. The drought resistance of all germplasm was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method. Based on the Drought tolerant index, plant vigor tolerant index, relative seed germination rate, relative seed germination vigor, relative embryo bud length (dry weight), and relative radical length (dry weight) of nine Orchardgrass germplasm were measured to evaluate their drought tolerant ability.9Dactylis glomerata materials were ordered below based on their drought tolerance:Baoxing>02-116>Sparta> Aldebaran> Gulin> Chuandong> Donata> Proto>01998.
2. Drought Resistance Evaluation of Orchardgrass Germplasms at Seedling Stage
The results of seedling stage showed that all of the materials decrease to various extent in plant height, leaf relative water content (RWC) under drought stress. Whereas, they showed an increase in free praline accumulation (Pro) and soluble sugar content (TSS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Guaiacol peroxidase (POD) as the main antioxidant protection enzymes, the activity increased firstly and then decreased. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to explore their drought resistance. The materials were divided into three drought resistant types based on Euclidian Distance method. The most drought resistant germplasm were'Baoxing','02-116','Sparta'and the moderate drought resistant ones were'Aldebaran','Gulin','Chuandong','Donata' while the drought sensitive ones were 'Proto' and '01998'.
3. Effects of drought stress on root growth and photosynthetic characters of Orchard grass seedlings
Using drought-sensitive Orchardgrass genotapy '01998' and drought-tolerant genotapy 'Baoxing' as test materials to study the effects of drought stress on root system morphology, physiological characteristics and leaf photosynthesis of Orchardgrass seedlings, aiming to investigate the differences of drought tolerance mechanism between different cultivars of Orchardgrass seedlings.The test results showed that drought stress decreased the relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, Pn, gs, and Tr of the two materials, among them, the large r variations in "01998", while at the same time, electrolyte leakage and Intercellular CO2concentration increased, thereinto'01998'changed most obviously while 'Baoxing' changed only slightly under drought stress. Studies also showed that,stomatal restriction was the main factor for the net photosynthetic rate's decrease in the leaves of two orchardgrass genotypes under the light soil stress. While non-stomatal restriction was the main factor under serious soil stress. And meanwhile, drought stress decreased the individual leaf area of the two materials and underground and aboveground plant biomass of '01998', but had no significant effects on 'Baoxing'. Two materials of the root activity and root number increased significantly when SWC decreased to30%and reached the maximum.therefore, under drought stress, drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' were able to maintain higher photosynthetic area and photosynthetic rate by improving the root activity, maintaining higher root biomass, enhancing the ability of root water adsorption.lt was also optimal to keep soil relative moisture content in40%-50%in sandy loam for maximum growth of Orchardgrass.
4. Effects of Drought Stress on Lipid Peroxidation, Osmotic Accumulation and Activity of Protective Enzymes in Root and Leaf of Orchardgrass
In order to investigate the different drought tolerance mechanism in Orchardgrass, the objective of this research was to study the different responses associating with lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment and activity of protective enzymes in root and leaf to drought stress of two different genotypes of Orchardgrass (drought-sensitive '01998'and drought-tolerance 'Baoxing').The results showed that with the extension of drought stress, MDA content and electrolyte leakage in root and leaf of two Orchardgrass increased while total soluble sugar content and free proline content were accumulated. At the same time, soluble protein content, SOD, CAT, POD, APX activities increased initially and then decreased. As the results showed, significantly higher cell membrane stability, content of osmotic adjustment substances and activities of SOD, CAT, POD, APX as well as lower lipid peroxidation level in root and leaf of 'Baoxing' were observed as compared with the '01998' under drought stress. In addition, APX and POD activity in root and leaf of "Baoxing" was higher than that of the '01998' under24-days drought stress, which indicated that its ability to scavenge for singlet oxygen and H2O2was not weakened by drought stress. Drought tolerant 'Baoxing' showed more active and stable peroxidation ability under drought stress.
5. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Gene Expression Patterns in Leaves of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) during drought stress and recovery
The study was designed to investigate different physiological and molecular responses of two genotypes of Orchardgrass (drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' and drought-sensitive '01998') to drought stress and rewatering. The '01998' and 'BaoXing' were exposed to drought stress for21days and24days in a growth chamber, respectively allowing the leaf relative water content (RWC) of both genotypes to drop to the same level (20%). Significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were observed in the 'Baoxing' compared to the '01998' under drought stress and rewatering. CAT and POD for H2O2scavenging was associated with post-drought recovery on rewatering in Orchardgrass.The maintenance of higher transcripts levels of SOD in 'Baoxing' versus '01998' when both cultivars were exposed to the same level of water deficit suggests that the activation of SOD expression could be involved in the antioxidant protection of Orchardgrass during drought. At both enzymatic activity and gene transcript levels, POD was significantly higher in drought-tolerant 'Baoxing' than in drought-sensitive '01998' under post-drought recovery, suggesting that POD could play critical roles protecting plants from drought-induced oxidative stress and the recovery from drought damages.
引文
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