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西安地铁盾构施工安全风险评估及施工灾害防控技术
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摘要
开展西安地铁盾构施工安全风险评估理论与施工灾害防控技术研究具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。本文以西安地铁二号线为背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实践相结合的方法开展研究工作。主要结论有:
     (1)提出西安地铁隧道盾构施工安全风险的主要影响因素包括工程地质与水文地质因素、荷载因素、施工因素和外部因素等四个一级影响因素,每个一级影响因素又包含若干二级影响因素。建立了西安地铁盾构施工安全风险辨识方法、辨识依据和辨识流程,采用层次分析法分析四个一级施工安全风险因素与其二级影响因素之间的关系。给出了西安地铁盾构施工安全风险四个等级的定义,运用模糊数学及层次分析方法理论,提出了可定量评估西安地铁隧道盾构施工安全风险等级的模糊综合分析法,建立了西安地铁盾构施工安全风险评估方法。
     (2)基于处于湿陷性黄土地区的西安地铁盾构施工地表条件复杂、穿越文物和建(构)筑物多等特点,给出了可以预测预报和控制盾构施工灾害的西安地铁盾构施工灾害防控技术,主要步骤是首先采用数值模拟仿真计算预测盾构施工诱发的地表变形规律,其次根据预测的地表变形规律制定地表变形控制合理施工方案,最后采用现场监测与反馈的信息化施工技术及时调整施工方案,保证安全施工。
     (3)运用西安地铁隧道盾构施工安全风险评估方法完成了西安地铁二号线安远门至北大街区间隧道盾构施工通过既有铁路、护城河拱桥和古城墙等主要风险源的施工安全风险等级划分。运用盾构施工灾害防控技术给出了降低盾构施工通过陇海铁路、护城河拱桥和北门城墙风险源处的施工安全风险等级的灾害防控技术。采用FLAC3D研究了盾构下穿陇海铁路的铁路路基、下穿护城河拱桥的地表及桥梁、盾构下穿北门城墙施工的城墙变形规律。现场实践表明,提出的灾害防控技术是合理有效的。
     (4)提出的西安地铁盾构施工安全风险评估方法和施工灾害预控技术具有重要的理论和工程应用价值,可以为西安地铁盾构施工灾害预防提供技术支撑。提出的盾构隧道下穿陇海铁路、护城河拱桥、古城墙的变形控制措施可为类似工程提供参考。
Reseach of risk assessment theory and disaster control technology has importanttheoretical significance and engineering value for metro shield construction in Xi’an. Thispaper took Xi’an subway line2as background and studied with the methods of theoreticalanalysis,numerical simulation and field practice. The main conclusions follow:
     The main influencing factors of risk during subway tunnel shield construction in Xi'anwas proposed, which includes engineering geological and hydrogeological factors, loadfactors, construction factors, external factors and other four primary factors. And each primaryfactors contains several secondary influence factors. It established the identification method,identification basis and identification process construction of Xi'an metro shield risk, and usedAHP analysis the relation between the four primary factors and secondary influence factors.The four grade definition of Xi'an metro construction risk was given, fuzzy comprehensiveanalysis method which can quantitative evaluat risk grade of Xi'an metro shield tunnelconstruction was put forward by using fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy processtheory, and the safety risk assessment method of Xi'an metro construction was established.
     Based on the characteristics of Xi'an metro shield construction with complex surfaceconditions, through multiple cultural relics and built (structure) constructed which was incollapsible loess area, Xi'an metro construction disaster prevention and control technologywhich can forecast and control the shield construction disaster was proposed. The main stepsas follows: first using numerical simulation to predict of surface deformation law induced byshield construction, secondly making reasonable construction scheme to control surfacedeformation according to the surface deformation law, finally using field monitoring andinformation construction technology to adjust construction schem in time, ensure theconstruction safety.
     The grade division of construction risk induced by tunnels shield construction acrossingrailway, bridge and the ancient city wall from Anyuanmen to North Street of Xi'an metro linetwo was completed. The use of disaster prevention and control technology reduced disastergrad of shield construction through the Longhai railway, the North Gate City wall and moatbridge. The deformation law of Longhai Railway subgrade, moat bridge and North Gate Citywall was studied by FLAC3D. Field practice shows that, disaster prevention and controltechnology is reasonable and effective.
     Risk assessment method and disaster control technology of metro shield construction inXi’an has important theoretical significance and engineering value. It can provide thetechnical support to prevent disaster for Xi'an metro construction. Deformation controlmeasures of shield tunnel through Longhai railway, the moat bridge, the ancient city wall canprovide references for the similar engineering.
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