细粒锡石颗粒—气泡间相互作用及其对浮选的影响
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摘要
本文根据细粒浮选、胶体化学、表面化学和颗粒-气泡间的相互作用理论,通过浮选试验,Zeta电位、接触角的测定,采用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、高速摄影仪等现代测试手段,对细粒锡石的表面性质、浮选行为和细粒锡石-气泡间的相互作用进行了研究。探明了使不同粒级的锡石浮选回收率达到最佳时颗粒-气泡间的最佳匹配范围。结合实验测定的参数进行计算拟合,对颗粒-气泡间的匹配关系进一步验证。统计分析了气泡量、气泡大小对浮选效果的影响。从微观角度分析了颗粒-气泡间的相互作用力对浮选的影响。
通过对锡石的性质及其浮选行为的基础研究探明了影响细粒锡石浮选回收率的因素,主要有颗粒大小,气泡大小,气泡量、pH值、搅拌强度等。锡石与气泡之间存在一个最佳的匹配范围,药剂体系不同,匹配范围不同。①水杨羟肟酸和磷酸三丁酯体系中,-10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm三个粒级的锡石颗粒分别与45~59μm、59μm、69μm左右气泡尺寸相匹配。②油酸钠体系中,--10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm和-74+38μm粒级锡石分别与59μm、69μm、45μm气泡大小相匹配。③MOS体系中,-10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm、-74+38μm四种粒级所匹配的气泡大小分别为69μm、69μm、45~59μm、69μm
捕收剂和电解质浓度的提高均能使颗粒和气泡间发生聚团,从而使颗粒-气泡的表观粒度增大。38μm、50μm、74μm、150μm、250μm420μm、1000μm阴极孔径切割的气泡平均尺寸分别为：20.2μm、29.5μm、44.6μm、59.2μm、68.7μm、78.5μm、88.8μm。气泡直径为21μm、32μm、41μm、52μm大小时的初始速度分别为：3.653cm/s、4.925cm/s、7.3059cm/s、9.336cm/so气泡量、尺寸、速度及气泡间桥连作用受电流、电解时间、电解质浓度的影响较大。
锡石颗粒和气泡大小对锡石-气泡间的碰撞概率、粘附概率、脱附概率的影响很大,理论模型计算再次表明锡石颗粒尺寸与气泡尺寸有一个大概的匹配范围,在这个范围内,气泡对锡石的捕集概率达到最大,从而获得最佳的浮选回收率,颗粒越大,其获得最佳捕集概率所需要的气泡直径就越大。
锡石-水-气泡体系的相互作用和界面能计算结果显示：锡石-气泡间发生粘附的概率主要取决于锡石-气泡间的碰撞效率,一旦细粒锡石与气泡间发生碰撞,二者间在力的作用下发生粘附的几率很大。锡石-气泡间接触并粘附前后的自由能变化△G负值越大,锡石越易与气泡发生粘附。
通过高速摄影仪跟踪锡石-气泡间碰撞-粘附-脱附过程,结果表明不同条件下锡石-气泡间的碰撞-粘附-脱附模式和发生的概率有很大不同。尺寸不同的气泡间的聚团因其上升速度和所携带锡石颗粒量的不同,碰撞之后粘附的概率不同,尺寸较大的气泡表面携带锡石颗粒量较多,负载较大,上升速度减小,与小气泡携带的锡石颗粒间发生粘附的概率较低。大小和上升速度基本相同的气泡-锡石聚团较易发生粘附而形成更大的聚团,并最终达到上浮的目的。根据浮选体系中锡石-气泡间碰撞-粘附现象及实验数据,对已有模型进行了参数修正。
锡石颗粒-气泡间相互作用的研究结果为细粒锡石的浮选回收途径提供了新的可行性思路,为微泡浮选在细粒锡石的回收方面的应用提供了一定的理论基础。
In this thesis, the studies relating to surface properties and floatation behaviors of fine cassiterite as well as the mechanism of their interactions with bubbles were carried out. It was based on fine particle flotation, colloid chemistry, surface chemistry and particle-bubble interaction theory, with the help of flotation tests, the Zeta potential measurement, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope, laser scattering particle analyzer, high-speed camera. It was discovered the best match between cassiterite particle and bubble occurred when the best flotation recovery of cassiterite was achieved. Combined with the parameters determined by experiments, the fitting calculation was carried out, proving the matching between particle and bubble further. The influences of bubble quantity and bubble size on flotation response were analyzed. In Microcosmic View, forces between particle and bubble were studied and their influences on flotation were discovered.
The factors influencing recovery of fine cassiterite were proved up as flollows:particle size, bubble size, bubble quantity, pH value, stirring intensity. It was based on the basic research of surface properties and floatation behaviors of fine cassiterite. There is an optimal matching range between cassiterite particle and bubble size, which differs according to different reagent system.①in salicylhydroxamic acid and tributyl phosphate system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm of cassiterie size fractions match with59μm,69μm,45pm of bubble sizes respectively.②In sodium oleate system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm,-74+38μm of cassiterie size fractions match with59pm,69μm,45μm,45μm respectively.③In MOS system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm,-74+38μm of cassiterie size fractions match with69μm,69μm,45～59μm,69μm respectively.
Both the increase of electrolyte and collector concentration can make the occurrence of the agglomerate groups between particles and bubbles, resulting in the increase of the apparent size of particle-bubbles. The average sizes of bubbles cut by38μm、50μm、74μm、150μm、250μm、420μm、1000μm of cathode aperture size were20.2μ、29.5μm、 44.6μm、59.2μm、68.7μm、78.5μm、88.8μm separately. When bubble sizes were21μm,32μm,41μm,52μm, the initial velocities of which were3.653cm/s,4.925cm/s,7.3059cm/s,9.336cm/s separately. Bubble quantity, size, speed and bridge role between bubbles are greatly influenced by current, electrolytic time, concentration of electrolyte.
Collision probability, attachment probability, detachment probability between cassiterite particle and bubble were influenced by cassiterite particle size and bubble size greatly. Theory model calculation proved there is an optimal matching range between cassiterite particle and bubble size, and the best collection probability and flotation recovery can be obtained in this range. Greater bubbles were needed for bigger particles to acquire the best collection probability.
The results of interaction and interface calculation of cassiterite-water-bubble system showed that the adhesion probability between cassiterite and bubble depends on cassiterite-bubble collision efficiency, once the collision between particle and bubble occurred, the probability of attachment between particle and bubble was increased. The greater the negative of ΔG (the freedom energy change of cassiterite particles-bubbles before and after contact and adhesion) is, the easier the adhesion will happen.
The collision-attachment-detachment process between cassiterite and bubble was treated by high speed camera, and the model and probability of which were various with different conditions. Agglomerate formed by bubbles with different sizes have different probability of attachment after collision, because bubbles with different sizes have different velocity and carry different amount of cassiterite particles. Bigger bubbles carry more cassiterite particles, resulting in larger load and lower rising velocity, which have fewer adhesion probability with cassiterite particles carried by small bubbles. Agglomerate between bubble and cassiterite with same size and rising velocity is more easily be adhered to form larger agglomerate, resulting in being flotated. According to collision-adhesion phenomenon between cassiterites and bubbles and experimental data in the flotation systems, the parameters of the existing model were fixed.
The results of studying on the interaction between cassiterite particles and bubbles provide a new way feasible for fine cassiterite flotation, and provide certain theoretical basis for the appilication of micro-bubble flatation on the recovery of fine cassiterite particles.
通过对锡石的性质及其浮选行为的基础研究探明了影响细粒锡石浮选回收率的因素,主要有颗粒大小,气泡大小,气泡量、pH值、搅拌强度等。锡石与气泡之间存在一个最佳的匹配范围,药剂体系不同,匹配范围不同。①水杨羟肟酸和磷酸三丁酯体系中,-10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm三个粒级的锡石颗粒分别与45~59μm、59μm、69μm左右气泡尺寸相匹配。②油酸钠体系中,--10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm和-74+38μm粒级锡石分别与59μm、69μm、45μm气泡大小相匹配。③MOS体系中,-10μm、-20+10μm、-38+20μm、-74+38μm四种粒级所匹配的气泡大小分别为69μm、69μm、45~59μm、69μm
捕收剂和电解质浓度的提高均能使颗粒和气泡间发生聚团,从而使颗粒-气泡的表观粒度增大。38μm、50μm、74μm、150μm、250μm420μm、1000μm阴极孔径切割的气泡平均尺寸分别为：20.2μm、29.5μm、44.6μm、59.2μm、68.7μm、78.5μm、88.8μm。气泡直径为21μm、32μm、41μm、52μm大小时的初始速度分别为：3.653cm/s、4.925cm/s、7.3059cm/s、9.336cm/so气泡量、尺寸、速度及气泡间桥连作用受电流、电解时间、电解质浓度的影响较大。
锡石颗粒和气泡大小对锡石-气泡间的碰撞概率、粘附概率、脱附概率的影响很大,理论模型计算再次表明锡石颗粒尺寸与气泡尺寸有一个大概的匹配范围,在这个范围内,气泡对锡石的捕集概率达到最大,从而获得最佳的浮选回收率,颗粒越大,其获得最佳捕集概率所需要的气泡直径就越大。
锡石-水-气泡体系的相互作用和界面能计算结果显示：锡石-气泡间发生粘附的概率主要取决于锡石-气泡间的碰撞效率,一旦细粒锡石与气泡间发生碰撞,二者间在力的作用下发生粘附的几率很大。锡石-气泡间接触并粘附前后的自由能变化△G负值越大,锡石越易与气泡发生粘附。
通过高速摄影仪跟踪锡石-气泡间碰撞-粘附-脱附过程,结果表明不同条件下锡石-气泡间的碰撞-粘附-脱附模式和发生的概率有很大不同。尺寸不同的气泡间的聚团因其上升速度和所携带锡石颗粒量的不同,碰撞之后粘附的概率不同,尺寸较大的气泡表面携带锡石颗粒量较多,负载较大,上升速度减小,与小气泡携带的锡石颗粒间发生粘附的概率较低。大小和上升速度基本相同的气泡-锡石聚团较易发生粘附而形成更大的聚团,并最终达到上浮的目的。根据浮选体系中锡石-气泡间碰撞-粘附现象及实验数据,对已有模型进行了参数修正。
锡石颗粒-气泡间相互作用的研究结果为细粒锡石的浮选回收途径提供了新的可行性思路,为微泡浮选在细粒锡石的回收方面的应用提供了一定的理论基础。
In this thesis, the studies relating to surface properties and floatation behaviors of fine cassiterite as well as the mechanism of their interactions with bubbles were carried out. It was based on fine particle flotation, colloid chemistry, surface chemistry and particle-bubble interaction theory, with the help of flotation tests, the Zeta potential measurement, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope, laser scattering particle analyzer, high-speed camera. It was discovered the best match between cassiterite particle and bubble occurred when the best flotation recovery of cassiterite was achieved. Combined with the parameters determined by experiments, the fitting calculation was carried out, proving the matching between particle and bubble further. The influences of bubble quantity and bubble size on flotation response were analyzed. In Microcosmic View, forces between particle and bubble were studied and their influences on flotation were discovered.
The factors influencing recovery of fine cassiterite were proved up as flollows:particle size, bubble size, bubble quantity, pH value, stirring intensity. It was based on the basic research of surface properties and floatation behaviors of fine cassiterite. There is an optimal matching range between cassiterite particle and bubble size, which differs according to different reagent system.①in salicylhydroxamic acid and tributyl phosphate system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm of cassiterie size fractions match with59μm,69μm,45pm of bubble sizes respectively.②In sodium oleate system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm,-74+38μm of cassiterie size fractions match with59pm,69μm,45μm,45μm respectively.③In MOS system,-10μm,-20+10μm,-38+20μm,-74+38μm of cassiterie size fractions match with69μm,69μm,45～59μm,69μm respectively.
Both the increase of electrolyte and collector concentration can make the occurrence of the agglomerate groups between particles and bubbles, resulting in the increase of the apparent size of particle-bubbles. The average sizes of bubbles cut by38μm、50μm、74μm、150μm、250μm、420μm、1000μm of cathode aperture size were20.2μ、29.5μm、 44.6μm、59.2μm、68.7μm、78.5μm、88.8μm separately. When bubble sizes were21μm,32μm,41μm,52μm, the initial velocities of which were3.653cm/s,4.925cm/s,7.3059cm/s,9.336cm/s separately. Bubble quantity, size, speed and bridge role between bubbles are greatly influenced by current, electrolytic time, concentration of electrolyte.
Collision probability, attachment probability, detachment probability between cassiterite particle and bubble were influenced by cassiterite particle size and bubble size greatly. Theory model calculation proved there is an optimal matching range between cassiterite particle and bubble size, and the best collection probability and flotation recovery can be obtained in this range. Greater bubbles were needed for bigger particles to acquire the best collection probability.
The results of interaction and interface calculation of cassiterite-water-bubble system showed that the adhesion probability between cassiterite and bubble depends on cassiterite-bubble collision efficiency, once the collision between particle and bubble occurred, the probability of attachment between particle and bubble was increased. The greater the negative of ΔG (the freedom energy change of cassiterite particles-bubbles before and after contact and adhesion) is, the easier the adhesion will happen.
The collision-attachment-detachment process between cassiterite and bubble was treated by high speed camera, and the model and probability of which were various with different conditions. Agglomerate formed by bubbles with different sizes have different probability of attachment after collision, because bubbles with different sizes have different velocity and carry different amount of cassiterite particles. Bigger bubbles carry more cassiterite particles, resulting in larger load and lower rising velocity, which have fewer adhesion probability with cassiterite particles carried by small bubbles. Agglomerate between bubble and cassiterite with same size and rising velocity is more easily be adhered to form larger agglomerate, resulting in being flotated. According to collision-adhesion phenomenon between cassiterites and bubbles and experimental data in the flotation systems, the parameters of the existing model were fixed.
The results of studying on the interaction between cassiterite particles and bubbles provide a new way feasible for fine cassiterite flotation, and provide certain theoretical basis for the appilication of micro-bubble flatation on the recovery of fine cassiterite particles.
引文
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