森林植物种质资源价值评估的研究
|
摘要
林业的核心内涵是对森林资源的合理经营与科学管理,就中国目前的研究情况看,从统计核算角度进行的宏观层面资源评估研究较多并且主要集中于生态效益,然而,较少研究微观层面的种质资源价值。“森林是产生生命的资源,遗传资源是产生生命的血脉。”从联合国粮食及农业组织对森林种质资源的纲领性描述可见其对人类生存和生产的重要意义。
本文以保护森林植物种质资源为目的,通过文献研究与实证分析的方法,从价值评估角度对森林植物种质资源进行研究,比较归纳传统劳动价值论、效用价值论、自然资源价值论以及生态价值论中对于森林植物种质资源价值构成的理论支撑,并以此形成了森林植物种质资源价值的基本理论依据和研究方法。在多学科相关理论基础指导下,对森林植物种质资源价值构成进行分类,即明确研究对象的具体特征,针对不同层次特性与服务功能包含的不同价值,提出种质遗传资源价值、载体资源价值及生境资源价值为一体的综合价值体系。对森林植物种质资源价值进行定性分析的基础上,采用多种森林资源价值评价方法对其进行量化研究。完善森林模拟优化模型(FSOS),以白河林业局基础数据利用模型进行实证分析,评价不同经营管理措施下区域性种质资源总量动态及其未来资源价值变化潜势。同时,也为具体林业企业未来多目标平衡经营方案提供了决策支持。
本研究通过价值理论在森林植物种质资源评价方面的研究,确定森林植物种质资源价值表现形式,为同类研究奠定良好的理论基础。选取适用的评价方法对森林植物种质资源价值进行量化研究,以最低经济效益为基本原则,建立区域森林植物种质资源价值评价体系,有助于利益相关者了解种质资源价值大小,从意识形态上了解种质资源的重要性,在利益机制的驱动下,采取有效的保护措施和理性的利用观。完善FSOS模型,以经济效益分析代替原来的木材产品分析,研究不同经营措施与未来资源总量及其经济服务能力的关系,实现从静态和动态两方面反映森林植物种质资源价值,为建立森林植物种质资源保护和利用的补偿机制提供依据,为当地的林业经济发展提供必要的决策支持,具有重要的现实意义和科学价值。
本研究的创新性体现在将森林植物种质遗传资源价值纳入到森林资源评估范畴,丰富扩展了森林资源的内涵,并创新性地将森林植物种质资源价值要素融入森林模拟优化模型(FSOS),并首次运用该模型对具体森林资源进行实证分析。
The core connotation of forestry is the reasonable operation and scientific management to the forest resources. As so far the domestic studies, there are many macroscopical researches to study the resources evaluation from statistic accounting perspective and all focus on ecological benefits. However, there are less microcoscopical researches to study the germplasm resources values."Forests are the resources that can produce life, and genetic resources are the blood that can produce life." It can be seen that it has a great significance for human survival and production, based on the programmatic description on forest germplasm resources of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
The purpose of this paper is to protect the forest plant germplasm resources. The main research method includes methods of literature review and emprirical analysis to study the forest plant germplasm resources from the angle of valuation. And the theoretical foundation of this paper includes comparison and induction to the traditional labor theory of value, utility theory of value, natural resource theory of value and ecological theory of value in the forest plant germplasm resources value. Drawing on the related theories from several disciplines, the author classifies the composition of the forest plant germplasm resources value, namely definites the specific features of the research object, and proposes comprehensive value system including germplasm genetic value, germplasm carrier value and germplasm habitat value for different levels of features and different values of the service functions. Based on the qualitative analysis of the forest plant germplasm resources value, this paper makes a quantitative research on the forest resources value evaluation by several methods. In order to improve FSOS model, this paper makes empirical analysis to evaluate regional dynamic total of germplasm resources under different management measures and its changes of resources value in the future, based on the basis data of Baihe Forestry Bureau by using model. Meanwhile, it provides support for the decision-making on multi-objective management plans for the forestry enterprises in the future.
This research shows the forms of forest plant germplasm resources value through studying the theory of value in the forest plant germplasm resources evaluation research, and establishes a theoretical foundation for similar researches. Through the forest plant germplasm resource value quantification, with the lowest economic benefit as the basic principle and the establishment of regional forest plant germplasm resource value evaluation system, help stakeholders know germplasm resources value size, from the ideological understanding the importance of germplasm resources, in the interests of the drive mechanism, take effective protective measures and rational use of view. In order to improve FSOS model, the author makes an analysis of economic benefits instead of an analysis of original wood products, studies different management measures and the total amount of resources and the relationship between the economic service ability and realize from the static and dynamic two aspects reflect forest plant germplasm resource valuem, for the building of forest plant germplasm resources protection and utilization of the compensation mechanism provides the basis for and for local forestry economic development to provide the necessary decision support, has the important practical significance and scientific value.
The innovation of this paper is embodied in the value of forest plant germplasm genetic resources into the category of forest resource assessment, expanded the connotation of forest resources, abundant and innovative forest plant germplasm resources value elements into the simulation optimization model (FSOS), and makes an empirical analysis using the model of specific forest resources for the first time.
本文以保护森林植物种质资源为目的,通过文献研究与实证分析的方法,从价值评估角度对森林植物种质资源进行研究,比较归纳传统劳动价值论、效用价值论、自然资源价值论以及生态价值论中对于森林植物种质资源价值构成的理论支撑,并以此形成了森林植物种质资源价值的基本理论依据和研究方法。在多学科相关理论基础指导下,对森林植物种质资源价值构成进行分类,即明确研究对象的具体特征,针对不同层次特性与服务功能包含的不同价值,提出种质遗传资源价值、载体资源价值及生境资源价值为一体的综合价值体系。对森林植物种质资源价值进行定性分析的基础上,采用多种森林资源价值评价方法对其进行量化研究。完善森林模拟优化模型(FSOS),以白河林业局基础数据利用模型进行实证分析,评价不同经营管理措施下区域性种质资源总量动态及其未来资源价值变化潜势。同时,也为具体林业企业未来多目标平衡经营方案提供了决策支持。
本研究通过价值理论在森林植物种质资源评价方面的研究,确定森林植物种质资源价值表现形式,为同类研究奠定良好的理论基础。选取适用的评价方法对森林植物种质资源价值进行量化研究,以最低经济效益为基本原则,建立区域森林植物种质资源价值评价体系,有助于利益相关者了解种质资源价值大小,从意识形态上了解种质资源的重要性,在利益机制的驱动下,采取有效的保护措施和理性的利用观。完善FSOS模型,以经济效益分析代替原来的木材产品分析,研究不同经营措施与未来资源总量及其经济服务能力的关系,实现从静态和动态两方面反映森林植物种质资源价值,为建立森林植物种质资源保护和利用的补偿机制提供依据,为当地的林业经济发展提供必要的决策支持,具有重要的现实意义和科学价值。
本研究的创新性体现在将森林植物种质遗传资源价值纳入到森林资源评估范畴,丰富扩展了森林资源的内涵,并创新性地将森林植物种质资源价值要素融入森林模拟优化模型(FSOS),并首次运用该模型对具体森林资源进行实证分析。
The core connotation of forestry is the reasonable operation and scientific management to the forest resources. As so far the domestic studies, there are many macroscopical researches to study the resources evaluation from statistic accounting perspective and all focus on ecological benefits. However, there are less microcoscopical researches to study the germplasm resources values."Forests are the resources that can produce life, and genetic resources are the blood that can produce life." It can be seen that it has a great significance for human survival and production, based on the programmatic description on forest germplasm resources of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
The purpose of this paper is to protect the forest plant germplasm resources. The main research method includes methods of literature review and emprirical analysis to study the forest plant germplasm resources from the angle of valuation. And the theoretical foundation of this paper includes comparison and induction to the traditional labor theory of value, utility theory of value, natural resource theory of value and ecological theory of value in the forest plant germplasm resources value. Drawing on the related theories from several disciplines, the author classifies the composition of the forest plant germplasm resources value, namely definites the specific features of the research object, and proposes comprehensive value system including germplasm genetic value, germplasm carrier value and germplasm habitat value for different levels of features and different values of the service functions. Based on the qualitative analysis of the forest plant germplasm resources value, this paper makes a quantitative research on the forest resources value evaluation by several methods. In order to improve FSOS model, this paper makes empirical analysis to evaluate regional dynamic total of germplasm resources under different management measures and its changes of resources value in the future, based on the basis data of Baihe Forestry Bureau by using model. Meanwhile, it provides support for the decision-making on multi-objective management plans for the forestry enterprises in the future.
This research shows the forms of forest plant germplasm resources value through studying the theory of value in the forest plant germplasm resources evaluation research, and establishes a theoretical foundation for similar researches. Through the forest plant germplasm resource value quantification, with the lowest economic benefit as the basic principle and the establishment of regional forest plant germplasm resource value evaluation system, help stakeholders know germplasm resources value size, from the ideological understanding the importance of germplasm resources, in the interests of the drive mechanism, take effective protective measures and rational use of view. In order to improve FSOS model, the author makes an analysis of economic benefits instead of an analysis of original wood products, studies different management measures and the total amount of resources and the relationship between the economic service ability and realize from the static and dynamic two aspects reflect forest plant germplasm resource valuem, for the building of forest plant germplasm resources protection and utilization of the compensation mechanism provides the basis for and for local forestry economic development to provide the necessary decision support, has the important practical significance and scientific value.
The innovation of this paper is embodied in the value of forest plant germplasm genetic resources into the category of forest resource assessment, expanded the connotation of forest resources, abundant and innovative forest plant germplasm resources value elements into the simulation optimization model (FSOS), and makes an empirical analysis using the model of specific forest resources for the first time.
引文
[1]毛或,傅国华.种质资源经济学的发展研究[J].生态经济,2011(7)
[2]徐慧,彭补拙.国外生物多样性经济价值评估研究进展[J].资源科学,2003(7)
[3]游应天.保护森林植物种质资源[J].中国林业,2001(7)
[4]王舒曼,王玉栋.自然资源定价方法研究[J].生态经济,2001(4)：24-28
[5]李浩,蔡晓铭.森林资源评价综述[J].山东林业科技,2009(6)
[6]张嘉宾.关于估价森林多种功能系统的基本原理和技术方法的探讨[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1982(10)
[7]翟中齐.森林生态经济雏论[J].北京林学院学报,1985(4)
[8]宋宗水.森林生态效能的计量问题[J].农业经济问题,1982(6)
[9]陈太山,任恒祺,张同荣.防护林经济效果指标体系和计算方法的探讨[J].北京林学院学报,1984(7)
[10]李周,徐智.森林社会效益计量研究综述.北京林学院学报,1984,6(4)
[11]邓宏海.森林生态效能经济评价的方法学研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1984(9)
[12]侯元兆.中国森林资源核算研究.北京：中国林业出版社,1995
[13]李金昌.生态价值论.重庆：重庆大学出版社,1999
[14]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(5)
[15]周冰冰,李忠魁.北京市森林资源价值.北京：中国林业出版社,2000
[16]姜文来,森林涵养水源的价值核算研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2)
[17]秦伟,朱清科.绿色GDP核算中森林保育土壤价值的研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2006(3)：22
[18]赵同谦等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004(4)：15
[19]国家环保局.《中国生物多样性国情研究报告》编写组.北京中国环境科学出版社,1998
[20]徐嵩龄.生物多样性价值的经济学处理：一些理论障碍及其克服[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3)
[21]薛达元.长白山自然保护区生物多样性非使用价值评估[J].中国环境科学,2000(2)
[22]张颖.中国森林生物多样性价值核算研究[J].林业经济,2001(3)
[23]郭中伟,李典漠.生物多样性经济价值评估的基本方法[J].生物多样性,1997(1)
[24]吴火和.森林生物多样性资产价值评估研究.福建农林大学博士学位论文,2006
[25]王健民,薛达元等.遗传资源经济价值评价研究[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(1)
[26]王智等.试论遗传资源经济价值评估—以Bt基因在Bt抗虫棉中的经济价值为例.中国环境保护优秀论文集,2005
[27]朱彩梅,张宗文.作物种质资源的价值及其评估[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(2)
[28]刘旭.我国粮食安全框架下种质资源价值评估探析[J].农业经济问题,2008.12
[29]McNeely, R., Arge, R., Groot, R.etc.The value of the world' ecosystem services and natural capital/Nature,1997.Vol.386
[30]Gollin D, Evenson R.E. An application of hedonic pricing methods to value rice genetic resources in India. Agriculture Values of Plant Genetic Resources. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK,1998
[31]Pearce D, Moran D. The economic value of biodiversity. Cambridge:IUCN,1994
[32]Dixon, D. A.and ShermanP. B.Economics of Protected Areas:A New Lookat Benefits and Costs. Island Washington DC.,1990
[33]Winpenny, J. T. Values for the Environment:A Guide to Economic Appraisal. London 1991
[34]PearceD. W.and D. Moran. The Economic Value of Biological Diversity. Earthscan, London,1994.
[35]Charles M P, Alwyn G H et al. Valuation of an Amazonian rain forest.Nature,1989, 339(29)
[36]Gollin D, Evenson R.E. An application of hedonic pricing methods to value rice genetic resources in India. Agriculture Values of Plant Genetic Resources. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.1998
[37]Pearce D, Moran D. The economic value of biodiversity. Cambridge:IUCN,1994
[38]Smale M. Economic Analysis of Crop Genetic Resource Conservation IPGRI,1995
[39]Zohrabian A., Traxler G, Caudill S.et al. Valuing pre-commercial genetic resources:A maximum entropy appra. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2003.85(2)
[40]王玉庆.环境经济学[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
[41]姚志勇.环境经济学[M].北京：中国发展出版社,2000
[42]武吉华.自然资源评价基础[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,1999
[43]国家标准.林木种质资源保存原则与方法GB/T 14072—1993[M].国家技术监督局.1993
[44]国家林业局22号.林木种质资源管理办法[M].国家林业局,2007
[45]季彪俊.植物种质资源研究的内涵与方法[C].青年农业科学学术年报,2004
[46]郑玉散.环境影响的经济分析—理论、方法与实践[M].北京：社会科学文献出社,2003
[47]D.拉蒙特.价值判断[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1992
[48]郭起荣.中国森林植物种质资源保育[D].中国林业科学研究院,2006
[49]任志远.区域生态环境服务功能经济价值评价的理论与方法[J].经济地理,2003(1)：l-4
[50]森林生态系统涵养水源功能经济价值测评方法研究[J].甘肃科技,2007(10)：35
[51]何英.森林固碳估算方法综述[J].世界林业研究,2005(2)
[52]刘璨.森林固碳与释氧的经济核算[J]南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2005(4)：41
[53]李少宁等.森林生态系统服务功能研究进展——理论与方法[J].世界林业研究,2004(4)：45
[54]赵金成等.当前森林保育土壤价值核算方法中存在的问题[J].林业经济,2003(2)：36
[55]Costanza, R., Arge, R., Groot, R.etc.The value of the world'ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997.Vo1.386
[56]鲁绍伟.中国森林生态服务功能动态分析与仿真预测[D].北京林业大学,2006
[57]高云峰.北京山区森林资源价值评价[D].中国农业大学,2005
[58]王兵,郑秋红,郭浩.基于Shannon-Wiener指数的中国森林物种多样性保育价值评估方法[J].林业科学研究,2008(4)
[59]陈应发.国外森林游憩价值评估的两种流行方法[J].北京林业大学学报,1994(3)
[60]高岚.对森林游憩价值经济评估的研究[J].经济研究参考,1996(11)
[61]阮君.福建省森林生物多样性及其价值估算[D].山东林业科技,2006(2)
[62]Nelson JD. Analyzing integrated resource management options. Seminar Proceedings. Determining Timber Supply & Allowable Cuts in Victoria, BC,1993,45-51
[63]任志远.区域生态环境服务功能经济价值评价的理论与方法[J].经济地理,2003(1)：1-4
[64]刘梅娟.森林自然资本公允价值计量研究[D].南京林业大学,2009
[65]常新华.长白山阔叶红松林生态系统管理研究[D].北京林业大学,2009
[66]毕晓政.内蒙古西部灌木林资源资产价值核算研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2007
[67]岳泽军.森林资产核算问题研究[D].东北林业大学,2004
[68]贾欣海.洋生态补偿机制研究[D].中国海洋大学,2010
[69]王富炜.企业非耗竭自然资源会计研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[70]郑德祥.森林资源资产经营若干问题分析研究[D].北京林业大学,2006
[71]张卫民.森林资源资产价格及评估方法研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[72]任德智.宜君县哭泉林场森林资源健康评价研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2007
[73]中国论文下载中心.浅谈劳动价值论与效用价值论的区别联系http://www.studa.net/jingji/101208/15252173.html2012-07-04
[74]王浩.劳动价值论与效用价值论的区别联系[J].生产力研究,2010(5)
[75]黄清芳.林业生态体系建设的监测指标体系研究[J].林业勘察设计,2002(9)
[76]袁畅彦.森林资源估价的理论误区及方法修正研究[D].北京林业大学,2011
[77]蒋德启.中国林业企业社会责任报告研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[78]武文婷.杭州市城市绿地生态服务功能价值评估研究[D].南京林业大学,2011
[79]高智晟.野生动物价值评估与定价研究[D].东北林业大学,2005
[80]金丽娟.香山公园森林游憩资源价值评估与旅游管理对策研究[D].北京林业大学,2005
[81]宋磊.泰山森林生物多样性价值评估山[D].山东农业大学,2004
[82]杨海军,邵全琴,陈卓奇,张帅.森林碳蓄积量估算方法及其应用分析[J].地球信息科学,2007(8)
[83]田石磊.西安市森林生态系统服务价值研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2009
[84]孙方弢.江苏省沿海防护林生态补偿机制研究[D].南京林业大学,2009
[85]白顺江.雾灵山森林生物多样性及生态服务功能价值仿真研究[D].北京林业大学,2006
[86]王冬米,梁景彬等.沿海防护林对农业减灾增产的初步研究及价值核算[J].防护林科技,2007(3)
[87]刘杰,刘永敏,刘国良.森林多目标可持续经营规划研究——以白河林业局为案例[J].林业经济,2012(7)
[88]陆文聪等.植物遗传资源保护与利用的市场化机制和国际制度[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(3)285-290
[89]陈蓬.加拿大森林经营的理论与实践[J].绿色中国,2004(4)
[90]马志海.东北林区天然混交林单木生长模型的研究[D].东北林业大学,2006
[91]韩坤.农作物种质资源的经济价值分析[D].河海大学,2006
[92]张锋.地方特色农作物种质资源的经济价值研究[D].南京农业大学,2010
[93]段旭良,冯秀兰,赵蕾等.林木和花卉种质资源信息平台的设计与开发[J].北京林业大学学报,2007(9)：66-68
[94]Thompson EF, Halterman BG, Lyon TJ, et al.Integrating timber and wildlife management planning. Forestry Chronicle,1973,49:247-250
[95]McDill M, Rebain SA, Braze J.Harvest scheduling with area-based adjacency constraints. Forest Science,2002,48:631-642
[96]Kirby M, Hager W, Wong P. Simultaneous planning of wild land management and transportation alternatives. TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences,1986,21: 371-387
[97]Nelson JD, Brodie JD. Comparison of a random search algorithm and mixed-integer programming for solving area-based forest plans. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1990,20:934-942
[98]Murray AT, Church RL.Analyzing layers for imposing adjacency restrictions in forest models. Forest Science,1996,42:166-175
[99]Liu GL. Evolution programs, simulated annealing and hill climbing applied to harvest scheduling problems, Master's thesis. Department of Forest Resource Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,1995, pp.45-60.
[100]Lockwood C, Moore T.Harvest scheduling with adjacency constraints:a simulated annealing approach. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1993,23:468-478
[101]Von Braun J, Virchow D.Pflanzengenetische Ressourcen zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage:Entwicklung institutioneller Rahmmenbedingungen fuer Konservierung und Nutzung[J].Berichte ueber Landwirtschaft,1998, B(76):74-86.
[102]Munasinghe M, Lutz E.Environment Economics and Valuation in Development Decisionmaking[C].Environment Working Paper No.51, World Bank, Washington, D.C.,1993.
[103]Qroen, O.S.Natural Resources Conservation:An Ecological Approach[M]. New York:Macmillan Publishing Company,1980:145-147
[104]Alessandre Alfierl.Implementation of Environmental Accounting:Towards An Operational Manral[M], United Nations Division,1997:212-215
[2]徐慧,彭补拙.国外生物多样性经济价值评估研究进展[J].资源科学,2003(7)
[3]游应天.保护森林植物种质资源[J].中国林业,2001(7)
[4]王舒曼,王玉栋.自然资源定价方法研究[J].生态经济,2001(4)：24-28
[5]李浩,蔡晓铭.森林资源评价综述[J].山东林业科技,2009(6)
[6]张嘉宾.关于估价森林多种功能系统的基本原理和技术方法的探讨[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1982(10)
[7]翟中齐.森林生态经济雏论[J].北京林学院学报,1985(4)
[8]宋宗水.森林生态效能的计量问题[J].农业经济问题,1982(6)
[9]陈太山,任恒祺,张同荣.防护林经济效果指标体系和计算方法的探讨[J].北京林学院学报,1984(7)
[10]李周,徐智.森林社会效益计量研究综述.北京林学院学报,1984,6(4)
[11]邓宏海.森林生态效能经济评价的方法学研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),1984(9)
[12]侯元兆.中国森林资源核算研究.北京：中国林业出版社,1995
[13]李金昌.生态价值论.重庆：重庆大学出版社,1999
[14]蒋延玲,周广胜.中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(5)
[15]周冰冰,李忠魁.北京市森林资源价值.北京：中国林业出版社,2000
[16]姜文来,森林涵养水源的价值核算研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2)
[17]秦伟,朱清科.绿色GDP核算中森林保育土壤价值的研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2006(3)：22
[18]赵同谦等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004(4)：15
[19]国家环保局.《中国生物多样性国情研究报告》编写组.北京中国环境科学出版社,1998
[20]徐嵩龄.生物多样性价值的经济学处理：一些理论障碍及其克服[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3)
[21]薛达元.长白山自然保护区生物多样性非使用价值评估[J].中国环境科学,2000(2)
[22]张颖.中国森林生物多样性价值核算研究[J].林业经济,2001(3)
[23]郭中伟,李典漠.生物多样性经济价值评估的基本方法[J].生物多样性,1997(1)
[24]吴火和.森林生物多样性资产价值评估研究.福建农林大学博士学位论文,2006
[25]王健民,薛达元等.遗传资源经济价值评价研究[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(1)
[26]王智等.试论遗传资源经济价值评估—以Bt基因在Bt抗虫棉中的经济价值为例.中国环境保护优秀论文集,2005
[27]朱彩梅,张宗文.作物种质资源的价值及其评估[J].植物遗传资源学报,2005,6(2)
[28]刘旭.我国粮食安全框架下种质资源价值评估探析[J].农业经济问题,2008.12
[29]McNeely, R., Arge, R., Groot, R.etc.The value of the world' ecosystem services and natural capital/Nature,1997.Vol.386
[30]Gollin D, Evenson R.E. An application of hedonic pricing methods to value rice genetic resources in India. Agriculture Values of Plant Genetic Resources. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK,1998
[31]Pearce D, Moran D. The economic value of biodiversity. Cambridge:IUCN,1994
[32]Dixon, D. A.and ShermanP. B.Economics of Protected Areas:A New Lookat Benefits and Costs. Island Washington DC.,1990
[33]Winpenny, J. T. Values for the Environment:A Guide to Economic Appraisal. London 1991
[34]PearceD. W.and D. Moran. The Economic Value of Biological Diversity. Earthscan, London,1994.
[35]Charles M P, Alwyn G H et al. Valuation of an Amazonian rain forest.Nature,1989, 339(29)
[36]Gollin D, Evenson R.E. An application of hedonic pricing methods to value rice genetic resources in India. Agriculture Values of Plant Genetic Resources. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.1998
[37]Pearce D, Moran D. The economic value of biodiversity. Cambridge:IUCN,1994
[38]Smale M. Economic Analysis of Crop Genetic Resource Conservation IPGRI,1995
[39]Zohrabian A., Traxler G, Caudill S.et al. Valuing pre-commercial genetic resources:A maximum entropy appra. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2003.85(2)
[40]王玉庆.环境经济学[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002
[41]姚志勇.环境经济学[M].北京：中国发展出版社,2000
[42]武吉华.自然资源评价基础[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,1999
[43]国家标准.林木种质资源保存原则与方法GB/T 14072—1993[M].国家技术监督局.1993
[44]国家林业局22号.林木种质资源管理办法[M].国家林业局,2007
[45]季彪俊.植物种质资源研究的内涵与方法[C].青年农业科学学术年报,2004
[46]郑玉散.环境影响的经济分析—理论、方法与实践[M].北京：社会科学文献出社,2003
[47]D.拉蒙特.价值判断[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1992
[48]郭起荣.中国森林植物种质资源保育[D].中国林业科学研究院,2006
[49]任志远.区域生态环境服务功能经济价值评价的理论与方法[J].经济地理,2003(1)：l-4
[50]森林生态系统涵养水源功能经济价值测评方法研究[J].甘肃科技,2007(10)：35
[51]何英.森林固碳估算方法综述[J].世界林业研究,2005(2)
[52]刘璨.森林固碳与释氧的经济核算[J]南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2005(4)：41
[53]李少宁等.森林生态系统服务功能研究进展——理论与方法[J].世界林业研究,2004(4)：45
[54]赵金成等.当前森林保育土壤价值核算方法中存在的问题[J].林业经济,2003(2)：36
[55]Costanza, R., Arge, R., Groot, R.etc.The value of the world'ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997.Vo1.386
[56]鲁绍伟.中国森林生态服务功能动态分析与仿真预测[D].北京林业大学,2006
[57]高云峰.北京山区森林资源价值评价[D].中国农业大学,2005
[58]王兵,郑秋红,郭浩.基于Shannon-Wiener指数的中国森林物种多样性保育价值评估方法[J].林业科学研究,2008(4)
[59]陈应发.国外森林游憩价值评估的两种流行方法[J].北京林业大学学报,1994(3)
[60]高岚.对森林游憩价值经济评估的研究[J].经济研究参考,1996(11)
[61]阮君.福建省森林生物多样性及其价值估算[D].山东林业科技,2006(2)
[62]Nelson JD. Analyzing integrated resource management options. Seminar Proceedings. Determining Timber Supply & Allowable Cuts in Victoria, BC,1993,45-51
[63]任志远.区域生态环境服务功能经济价值评价的理论与方法[J].经济地理,2003(1)：1-4
[64]刘梅娟.森林自然资本公允价值计量研究[D].南京林业大学,2009
[65]常新华.长白山阔叶红松林生态系统管理研究[D].北京林业大学,2009
[66]毕晓政.内蒙古西部灌木林资源资产价值核算研究[D].内蒙古农业大学,2007
[67]岳泽军.森林资产核算问题研究[D].东北林业大学,2004
[68]贾欣海.洋生态补偿机制研究[D].中国海洋大学,2010
[69]王富炜.企业非耗竭自然资源会计研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[70]郑德祥.森林资源资产经营若干问题分析研究[D].北京林业大学,2006
[71]张卫民.森林资源资产价格及评估方法研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[72]任德智.宜君县哭泉林场森林资源健康评价研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2007
[73]中国论文下载中心.浅谈劳动价值论与效用价值论的区别联系http://www.studa.net/jingji/101208/15252173.html2012-07-04
[74]王浩.劳动价值论与效用价值论的区别联系[J].生产力研究,2010(5)
[75]黄清芳.林业生态体系建设的监测指标体系研究[J].林业勘察设计,2002(9)
[76]袁畅彦.森林资源估价的理论误区及方法修正研究[D].北京林业大学,2011
[77]蒋德启.中国林业企业社会责任报告研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
[78]武文婷.杭州市城市绿地生态服务功能价值评估研究[D].南京林业大学,2011
[79]高智晟.野生动物价值评估与定价研究[D].东北林业大学,2005
[80]金丽娟.香山公园森林游憩资源价值评估与旅游管理对策研究[D].北京林业大学,2005
[81]宋磊.泰山森林生物多样性价值评估山[D].山东农业大学,2004
[82]杨海军,邵全琴,陈卓奇,张帅.森林碳蓄积量估算方法及其应用分析[J].地球信息科学,2007(8)
[83]田石磊.西安市森林生态系统服务价值研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2009
[84]孙方弢.江苏省沿海防护林生态补偿机制研究[D].南京林业大学,2009
[85]白顺江.雾灵山森林生物多样性及生态服务功能价值仿真研究[D].北京林业大学,2006
[86]王冬米,梁景彬等.沿海防护林对农业减灾增产的初步研究及价值核算[J].防护林科技,2007(3)
[87]刘杰,刘永敏,刘国良.森林多目标可持续经营规划研究——以白河林业局为案例[J].林业经济,2012(7)
[88]陆文聪等.植物遗传资源保护与利用的市场化机制和国际制度[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(3)285-290
[89]陈蓬.加拿大森林经营的理论与实践[J].绿色中国,2004(4)
[90]马志海.东北林区天然混交林单木生长模型的研究[D].东北林业大学,2006
[91]韩坤.农作物种质资源的经济价值分析[D].河海大学,2006
[92]张锋.地方特色农作物种质资源的经济价值研究[D].南京农业大学,2010
[93]段旭良,冯秀兰,赵蕾等.林木和花卉种质资源信息平台的设计与开发[J].北京林业大学学报,2007(9)：66-68
[94]Thompson EF, Halterman BG, Lyon TJ, et al.Integrating timber and wildlife management planning. Forestry Chronicle,1973,49:247-250
[95]McDill M, Rebain SA, Braze J.Harvest scheduling with area-based adjacency constraints. Forest Science,2002,48:631-642
[96]Kirby M, Hager W, Wong P. Simultaneous planning of wild land management and transportation alternatives. TIMS Studies in the Management Sciences,1986,21: 371-387
[97]Nelson JD, Brodie JD. Comparison of a random search algorithm and mixed-integer programming for solving area-based forest plans. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1990,20:934-942
[98]Murray AT, Church RL.Analyzing layers for imposing adjacency restrictions in forest models. Forest Science,1996,42:166-175
[99]Liu GL. Evolution programs, simulated annealing and hill climbing applied to harvest scheduling problems, Master's thesis. Department of Forest Resource Management, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada,1995, pp.45-60.
[100]Lockwood C, Moore T.Harvest scheduling with adjacency constraints:a simulated annealing approach. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1993,23:468-478
[101]Von Braun J, Virchow D.Pflanzengenetische Ressourcen zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage:Entwicklung institutioneller Rahmmenbedingungen fuer Konservierung und Nutzung[J].Berichte ueber Landwirtschaft,1998, B(76):74-86.
[102]Munasinghe M, Lutz E.Environment Economics and Valuation in Development Decisionmaking[C].Environment Working Paper No.51, World Bank, Washington, D.C.,1993.
[103]Qroen, O.S.Natural Resources Conservation:An Ecological Approach[M]. New York:Macmillan Publishing Company,1980:145-147
[104]Alessandre Alfierl.Implementation of Environmental Accounting:Towards An Operational Manral[M], United Nations Division,1997:212-215
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |