全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控技术研究
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摘要
上世纪以来,世界范围内发生过多起典型的电压崩溃性事故,给电力系统带来严重的后果。随着对电压稳定问题研究的深入,在电压稳定机理、判据、仿真评价方法上已经取得了很大进展,部分研究成果在实际系统中得到了应用,但因为电压崩溃性事故发生发展的过程较为复杂,失稳特征各异,并跨越不同的时间过程,到目前为止,还没有完全建立起针对不同时间过程和失稳特征的电压崩溃防控体系,因此需要针对电压稳定进行全时域过程的监测、分析,进而实现对电压崩溃的全面防御及控制。
本文在梳理电压稳定的特征和机理基础上,结合电压失稳事故发展的不同时间过程的特征,提出构建电力系统全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统。对涉及的核心算法和关键技术进行了深入分析和研究,提出了防御电压崩溃的综合控制措施,主要创新点如下：
(1)在总结典型电压失稳事故特征基础上,结合实际系统的电压稳定全过程仿真案例,给出了电压失稳特征的总体描述方法和分类方法；结合典型电压失稳事故特征和仿真计算,分析了影响电压失稳过程发展的动态调节因素的作用,针对不同事故特征给出了机理解释。
(2)结合电压稳定的不同分类方法,在总结仿真方法的基础上给出了电压稳定仿真建模的流程和方法。针对静态、暂态及中长期电压失稳的特征,给出了静态、暂态及中长期电压稳定的评价方法,并提出了大干扰电压稳定概率性评价方法。
(3)提出了全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统的主要目标及功能框架,基于EMS/WAMS/安稳控制等多信息源,实现包括静态、暂态及中长期在内的多时间尺度电压稳定全过程预警及防控；对系统运行状态的电压安全性进行评估,对可能出现的危险运行状态进行校正；对电压失稳事故做出快速反应,并为调度人员及控制装置提供电压安全防控策略。
(4)在总结梳理以往关于电压稳定防控的关键算法基础上,进一步提出了基于线性模拟的改进连续潮流算法和考虑发电机组励磁电流限制的精确计算方法以及全过程递进的电压稳定故障排序方法；把基于时域仿真的戴维南等值参数跟踪计算方法应用于暂态及中长期电压稳定的失稳判别；
(5)提出了低压减载配置的原则和流程；提出了基于PV曲线的低压切负荷预测性控制策略；提出基于DSA(在线动态安全分析)在线确定预防电压崩溃的集中切负荷措施。
本论文提出基于EMS、WAMS多信息源,综合利用电力系统的静态、暂态和中长期电压稳定的预警分析结果,构建集电力系统电压稳定监测、安全评估、预警分析、安全防御及协调控制等功能于一体的全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统。本系统既有重要的理论意义,又有实际的工程应用价值。
Since the last century, several typical voltage collapse accidents have happened worldwide, causing serious consequences for the power system. With the deepening of the research of voltage stability, great progress has been made in the voltage stability mechanisms, criteria and simulation methods. Some research results have been applied to the actual power systems. Since the development process of the voltage collapse is more complex, instability features vary from system to system and involve different time processes, so far, voltage collapse prevention and control system for different time process and instability features has not been folly established. Therefore, there is an urgent need to monitor and analyze the voltage stabilization in the full time domain, in order to prevent and control the voltage collapse accident.
This dissertation, on the basis of the characteristics and mechanism of voltage stability, proposes a full-time-domain multi-target voltage warning and prevention system for the power systems with a consideration of the development characteristics of voltage instability accident in different times processes. In-depth analysis and research are performed on the core algorithms and technologies. Comprehensive control measures of voltage collapse are put forward. The main innovations are as follows:
(1) On the basis of summing up the characteristics of typical voltage instability accident, a case study is performed on the whole process simulation of voltage stability of the actual system. The general description and classification method of voltage instability characteristics are given. Combining with the characteristics and simulation calculation of voltage instability accidents, the dynamic adjustment factors affecting the development of the voltage instability processes is discussed. The mechanism explanations targeted at different characteristics of the accident are presented.
(2) By integrating several classification methods of voltage stability, the procedures and methods for simulation modeling of voltage stability are put forward. For static, transient and mid-long term voltage instability characteristics, the evaluation methods are respectively introduced. The probability evaluation method of large-disturbance voltage stability is put forward.
(3) The main objectives and functional framework of full-time-domain multi-target voltage security warning and prevention system are suggested. On the basis of multiple information sources including EMS/WAMS/stable control, multi-time-scale (static, transient and mid-long term) early warning, prevention and control of voltage instability is realized. The voltage security during the operation of the system is assessed. Potentially dangerous operating status is timely corrected. This system enables rapid response to voltage instability accident. Voltage instability prevention and control strategies are also provided for the reference of dispatchers and control devices.
(4) In addition to summing up the existing key algorithms for prevention and control of voltage instability, the improved continuous-flow algorithm based on linear simulation, the accurate calculation method considering the excitation current limit of the generator group and the stepwise whole-process sorting of voltage instability accidents is proposed. The tracking method for Thevenin equivalent parameters based on time-domain simulation is used in the discrimination of transient and mid-long term voltage instability.
(5) The principles and processes of undervoltage load shedding configuration are proposed. The predictive control strategy for undervoltage load shedding on the basis of PV curve is proposed. The concentrated load shedding measures for the online determination of voltage collapses based on DSA (online dynamic security analysis) is proposed.
This dissertation proposes that on the basis of multiple information sources of EMS and WAMS, a full-time-domain multi-target warning, prevention and control system of voltage instability could be built by comprehensively using the analysis results of static, transient and mid-long term voltage instability warning. This system integrates the functions of voltage stability monitoring, security assessment, early warning analysis, security defense, and coordination of the power system. The system has both important theoretical and practical values for engineering applications.
本文在梳理电压稳定的特征和机理基础上,结合电压失稳事故发展的不同时间过程的特征,提出构建电力系统全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统。对涉及的核心算法和关键技术进行了深入分析和研究,提出了防御电压崩溃的综合控制措施,主要创新点如下：
(1)在总结典型电压失稳事故特征基础上,结合实际系统的电压稳定全过程仿真案例,给出了电压失稳特征的总体描述方法和分类方法；结合典型电压失稳事故特征和仿真计算,分析了影响电压失稳过程发展的动态调节因素的作用,针对不同事故特征给出了机理解释。
(2)结合电压稳定的不同分类方法,在总结仿真方法的基础上给出了电压稳定仿真建模的流程和方法。针对静态、暂态及中长期电压失稳的特征,给出了静态、暂态及中长期电压稳定的评价方法,并提出了大干扰电压稳定概率性评价方法。
(3)提出了全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统的主要目标及功能框架,基于EMS/WAMS/安稳控制等多信息源,实现包括静态、暂态及中长期在内的多时间尺度电压稳定全过程预警及防控；对系统运行状态的电压安全性进行评估,对可能出现的危险运行状态进行校正；对电压失稳事故做出快速反应,并为调度人员及控制装置提供电压安全防控策略。
(4)在总结梳理以往关于电压稳定防控的关键算法基础上,进一步提出了基于线性模拟的改进连续潮流算法和考虑发电机组励磁电流限制的精确计算方法以及全过程递进的电压稳定故障排序方法；把基于时域仿真的戴维南等值参数跟踪计算方法应用于暂态及中长期电压稳定的失稳判别；
(5)提出了低压减载配置的原则和流程；提出了基于PV曲线的低压切负荷预测性控制策略；提出基于DSA(在线动态安全分析)在线确定预防电压崩溃的集中切负荷措施。
本论文提出基于EMS、WAMS多信息源,综合利用电力系统的静态、暂态和中长期电压稳定的预警分析结果,构建集电力系统电压稳定监测、安全评估、预警分析、安全防御及协调控制等功能于一体的全时域多目标电压安全预警及防控系统。本系统既有重要的理论意义,又有实际的工程应用价值。
Since the last century, several typical voltage collapse accidents have happened worldwide, causing serious consequences for the power system. With the deepening of the research of voltage stability, great progress has been made in the voltage stability mechanisms, criteria and simulation methods. Some research results have been applied to the actual power systems. Since the development process of the voltage collapse is more complex, instability features vary from system to system and involve different time processes, so far, voltage collapse prevention and control system for different time process and instability features has not been folly established. Therefore, there is an urgent need to monitor and analyze the voltage stabilization in the full time domain, in order to prevent and control the voltage collapse accident.
This dissertation, on the basis of the characteristics and mechanism of voltage stability, proposes a full-time-domain multi-target voltage warning and prevention system for the power systems with a consideration of the development characteristics of voltage instability accident in different times processes. In-depth analysis and research are performed on the core algorithms and technologies. Comprehensive control measures of voltage collapse are put forward. The main innovations are as follows:
(1) On the basis of summing up the characteristics of typical voltage instability accident, a case study is performed on the whole process simulation of voltage stability of the actual system. The general description and classification method of voltage instability characteristics are given. Combining with the characteristics and simulation calculation of voltage instability accidents, the dynamic adjustment factors affecting the development of the voltage instability processes is discussed. The mechanism explanations targeted at different characteristics of the accident are presented.
(2) By integrating several classification methods of voltage stability, the procedures and methods for simulation modeling of voltage stability are put forward. For static, transient and mid-long term voltage instability characteristics, the evaluation methods are respectively introduced. The probability evaluation method of large-disturbance voltage stability is put forward.
(3) The main objectives and functional framework of full-time-domain multi-target voltage security warning and prevention system are suggested. On the basis of multiple information sources including EMS/WAMS/stable control, multi-time-scale (static, transient and mid-long term) early warning, prevention and control of voltage instability is realized. The voltage security during the operation of the system is assessed. Potentially dangerous operating status is timely corrected. This system enables rapid response to voltage instability accident. Voltage instability prevention and control strategies are also provided for the reference of dispatchers and control devices.
(4) In addition to summing up the existing key algorithms for prevention and control of voltage instability, the improved continuous-flow algorithm based on linear simulation, the accurate calculation method considering the excitation current limit of the generator group and the stepwise whole-process sorting of voltage instability accidents is proposed. The tracking method for Thevenin equivalent parameters based on time-domain simulation is used in the discrimination of transient and mid-long term voltage instability.
(5) The principles and processes of undervoltage load shedding configuration are proposed. The predictive control strategy for undervoltage load shedding on the basis of PV curve is proposed. The concentrated load shedding measures for the online determination of voltage collapses based on DSA (online dynamic security analysis) is proposed.
This dissertation proposes that on the basis of multiple information sources of EMS and WAMS, a full-time-domain multi-target warning, prevention and control system of voltage instability could be built by comprehensively using the analysis results of static, transient and mid-long term voltage instability warning. This system integrates the functions of voltage stability monitoring, security assessment, early warning analysis, security defense, and coordination of the power system. The system has both important theoretical and practical values for engineering applications.
引文
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