基于灵敏度分析的空间高光谱成像仪热控制技术研究
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摘要
天宫一号高光谱成像仪是目前国内在轨运行的空间分辨率和光谱综合指标最高的空间光谱成像仪，在空间分辨率、波段数目和范围、地物分类等方面均达到国际水平。相对于传统的多光谱遥感仪器，天宫一号高光谱成像仪所要求的高空间分辨率、高光谱分辨率、以及高辐射分辨率，都对热控设计提出了新的挑战。天宫一号高光谱成像仪的结构、约束和载荷均呈非对称形式，光学元件众多并且热控指标要求高。这些难点都给热控系统设计带来了新的问题和新的要求，传统经验型热控制技术越来越凸现出其局限性，本文首次将热设计参数灵敏度分析用于指导热设计，开展基于灵敏度分析的热控制技术的研究工作。
热设计参数灵敏度是热设计参数变化对系统温度分布的影响，是实现热控设计优化的关键信息，是热设计的一个重要研究领域。空间光学遥感器在轨运行期间，在所处恶劣环境以及装配工艺等因素的作用下，其热物理属性的实际参数与热设计参数之间存在一定的偏差，在热设计过程中难以精确确定，从而影响仪器的热设计方案。在空间光学遥感器的热设计和热分析计算过程中，为了找出对温度场影响大的环节，进行热控系统的优化设计，需要进行热设计参数的灵敏度分析。通过灵敏度分析，可以找出对空间光学遥感器温度水平和温度分布影响敏感的热设计参数，提高热设计的针对性、有效性，有利于提高效率、降低成本、增加可靠性。因此，开展热设计参数灵敏度分析的研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文以天宫一号高光谱成像仪为研究对象，开展基于灵敏度分析的热控制技术研究，讨论并分析高光谱成像仪热设计参数灵敏度，得出普遍性结论，通过试验、仿真验证，对实际工程给出了指导性建议。具体内容如下：
在概述国内外热设计参数灵敏度分析研究现状的基础上，对本文的研究对象天宫一号高光谱成像仪的结构、载荷等特点进行分析，对其热控制技术的特点和难点进行总结。针对天宫一号高光谱成像仪热控难度高的特点，分析并提出了基于灵敏度分析的热控制技术。系统地研究了灵敏度分析理论及分析方法，根据天宫一号高光谱成像仪的结构形式、安装方式以及热控设计方案，分析了热控系统的热设计参数，给出了各项热设计参数的灵敏度分析内容。
研究天宫一号高光谱成像仪主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析。分别建立了天宫一号高光谱成像仪光机主体和焦面组件的在轨热平衡方程，通过热平衡方程进行热设计参数变量分析，开展天宫一号高光谱成像仪光机主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析，根据各项热设计参数对光机主体和焦面组件温度分布的影响程度的高低，找出影响光机主体和焦面组件热设计的主要参数。在天宫一号高光谱成像仪主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析的基础上，对光机主体和焦面组件等各个关键部件开展热设计及优化，对热控指标提出合理化修改并对其合理性进行分析论证。
针对天宫一号高光谱成像仪的试验规划进行探讨，分析试验的技术难点，对试验环境模拟的误差进行分析，试验结果验证了热设计的正确性。总结了入轨加电开始到在轨测试过程中天宫一号高光谱成像仪的温度变化情况，在轨测试结果表明热控系统在轨工作状态良好，天宫一号高光谱成像仪整机温度水平和三个方向温差均满足热控指标要求。从热控系统的精度和可靠性两个方面对热控系统进行评价，通过试验验证热控系统的控制精度。介绍空间光学遥感器热控系统的几种可靠性模型，并对天宫一号高光谱成像仪热控系统的可靠性进行分析。
With the highest spatial resolution and integrative spectral index in China,Tiangong-1hyperspectral imager (HSI) is a space spectral imager which is running inorbit at present. Tiangong-1HSI reaches international standards on spatial resolution,band numbers and range, and ground object classification. The high spatial resolution,high spectral resolution, and high radiation resolution of Tiangong-1HIS bringforward new challenge to thermal control relative to traditional multi-spectral remotecensor. As a complex optical instrument, the structure, restraint and payload ofTiangong-1HSI are all with asymmetry form. Furthermore, Tiangong-1HSI hasmany optical elements and rigorous thermal control index. These difficulties bringnew problems and new requirements to thermal control of the Tiangong-1HSI.Because of the problems mentioned above, the limitation of the traditional thermalcontrol technique is taken out. Sensitivity analysis of thermal design parameter(SATDP) is used to guide thermal design for the first time in this dissertation. Thethermal control technique based on sensitivity analysis is studied and explicated.
SATDP could obtain the effect of their variety on system temperature distribution,which is a research field with important significance in thermal design. Furthermore,SATDP could help to carry out an optimum thermal design. Due to the rigorousenvironment and assembly technique, there is some deviation between the realparameters and the thermal design parameters of a space optical remote sensor (SORS)in orbit. The deviation might effects thermal design accuracy of complete appliances. In course of thermal design and thermal analysis for SORS, SATDP could find thesection which has effect on temperature field. For the sake of optimum design forthermal control system, SATDP is necessary. It could identify when or which, thermaldesign parameters play a significant role in the temperature field for SORS. Thepertinence and validity of thermal design can be enhanced through sensitivity analysis.Furthermore, SATDP could improve work efficiency, reduce cost and increasereliability. The Tiangong-1HSI is regarded as research object and the thermal controltechnique based on sensitivity analysis is summarized and studied in this dissertation.The SATDP of Tiangong-1HSI are discussed and analyzed. The generalizedconclusion are given and verified through test and simulation. The guidingsuggestions are given to practical engineering development and manufacturing. Theconcrete contents are given as below.
The present research status of SATDP throughout the world is summarized andthe characters of structure and payload in Tiangong-1HSI are stated. The charactersand difficulties of thermal control technique are generalized. Against the characters ofthermal control technique with high degree of difficulty in Tiangong-1HSI, thethermal control technique based on sensitivity analysis is analyzed and set up. Thetheory and analytical method of sensitivity analysis are researched systematically.According to the structure style, mounting fashion and thermal design scheme,thermal design parameters of thermal control system are analyzed; and sensitivityanalysis contents for every thermal design parameter are given.
SATDP for major structure and focal plane assembly in Tiangong-1HSI areresearched. The in-orbit heat balance equations of major structure and focal planeassembly are established, respectively. Under the design variable analysis of the heatbalance equations, SATDP for major structure and focal plane assembly ofTiangong-1HSI are developed. The main parameters which affect thermal design ofmajor structure and focal plane assembly are found through sensitivity analysis. Thethermal design of major structure and the key components such as focal planeassembly are developed and the optimum design of thermal design scheme of opticalelements and the key components are put forward. The thermal control index of Tiangong-1HSI is modified reasonably and its rationality is analyzed.
The thermal test of Tiangong-1HSI is discussed. The technical difficulty andsimulation error of thermal test condition are analyzed. The correctness of thermaldesign scheme is verified through thermal test results. Temperature variation ofTiangong-1HSI is generalized in course of performance testing in orbit. Performancetesting results indicate that thermal control system of Tiangong-1HSI is runningperfectly. The temperature distribution and the temperature difference meet all theindex of thermal control. The accuracy and the reliability of the thermal controlsystem are estimated. The control accuracy of thermal control system is verifiedthrough thermal test. Several reliability model of thermal control system in SORS areintroduced. The reliability of thermal control system in Tiangong-1HSI is analyzed.
热设计参数灵敏度是热设计参数变化对系统温度分布的影响，是实现热控设计优化的关键信息，是热设计的一个重要研究领域。空间光学遥感器在轨运行期间，在所处恶劣环境以及装配工艺等因素的作用下，其热物理属性的实际参数与热设计参数之间存在一定的偏差，在热设计过程中难以精确确定，从而影响仪器的热设计方案。在空间光学遥感器的热设计和热分析计算过程中，为了找出对温度场影响大的环节，进行热控系统的优化设计，需要进行热设计参数的灵敏度分析。通过灵敏度分析，可以找出对空间光学遥感器温度水平和温度分布影响敏感的热设计参数，提高热设计的针对性、有效性，有利于提高效率、降低成本、增加可靠性。因此，开展热设计参数灵敏度分析的研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。本文以天宫一号高光谱成像仪为研究对象，开展基于灵敏度分析的热控制技术研究，讨论并分析高光谱成像仪热设计参数灵敏度，得出普遍性结论，通过试验、仿真验证，对实际工程给出了指导性建议。具体内容如下：
在概述国内外热设计参数灵敏度分析研究现状的基础上，对本文的研究对象天宫一号高光谱成像仪的结构、载荷等特点进行分析，对其热控制技术的特点和难点进行总结。针对天宫一号高光谱成像仪热控难度高的特点，分析并提出了基于灵敏度分析的热控制技术。系统地研究了灵敏度分析理论及分析方法，根据天宫一号高光谱成像仪的结构形式、安装方式以及热控设计方案，分析了热控系统的热设计参数，给出了各项热设计参数的灵敏度分析内容。
研究天宫一号高光谱成像仪主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析。分别建立了天宫一号高光谱成像仪光机主体和焦面组件的在轨热平衡方程，通过热平衡方程进行热设计参数变量分析，开展天宫一号高光谱成像仪光机主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析，根据各项热设计参数对光机主体和焦面组件温度分布的影响程度的高低，找出影响光机主体和焦面组件热设计的主要参数。在天宫一号高光谱成像仪主体和焦面组件热设计参数灵敏度分析的基础上，对光机主体和焦面组件等各个关键部件开展热设计及优化，对热控指标提出合理化修改并对其合理性进行分析论证。
针对天宫一号高光谱成像仪的试验规划进行探讨，分析试验的技术难点，对试验环境模拟的误差进行分析，试验结果验证了热设计的正确性。总结了入轨加电开始到在轨测试过程中天宫一号高光谱成像仪的温度变化情况，在轨测试结果表明热控系统在轨工作状态良好，天宫一号高光谱成像仪整机温度水平和三个方向温差均满足热控指标要求。从热控系统的精度和可靠性两个方面对热控系统进行评价，通过试验验证热控系统的控制精度。介绍空间光学遥感器热控系统的几种可靠性模型，并对天宫一号高光谱成像仪热控系统的可靠性进行分析。
With the highest spatial resolution and integrative spectral index in China,Tiangong-1hyperspectral imager (HSI) is a space spectral imager which is running inorbit at present. Tiangong-1HSI reaches international standards on spatial resolution,band numbers and range, and ground object classification. The high spatial resolution,high spectral resolution, and high radiation resolution of Tiangong-1HIS bringforward new challenge to thermal control relative to traditional multi-spectral remotecensor. As a complex optical instrument, the structure, restraint and payload ofTiangong-1HSI are all with asymmetry form. Furthermore, Tiangong-1HSI hasmany optical elements and rigorous thermal control index. These difficulties bringnew problems and new requirements to thermal control of the Tiangong-1HSI.Because of the problems mentioned above, the limitation of the traditional thermalcontrol technique is taken out. Sensitivity analysis of thermal design parameter(SATDP) is used to guide thermal design for the first time in this dissertation. Thethermal control technique based on sensitivity analysis is studied and explicated.
SATDP could obtain the effect of their variety on system temperature distribution,which is a research field with important significance in thermal design. Furthermore,SATDP could help to carry out an optimum thermal design. Due to the rigorousenvironment and assembly technique, there is some deviation between the realparameters and the thermal design parameters of a space optical remote sensor (SORS)in orbit. The deviation might effects thermal design accuracy of complete appliances. In course of thermal design and thermal analysis for SORS, SATDP could find thesection which has effect on temperature field. For the sake of optimum design forthermal control system, SATDP is necessary. It could identify when or which, thermaldesign parameters play a significant role in the temperature field for SORS. Thepertinence and validity of thermal design can be enhanced through sensitivity analysis.Furthermore, SATDP could improve work efficiency, reduce cost and increasereliability. The Tiangong-1HSI is regarded as research object and the thermal controltechnique based on sensitivity analysis is summarized and studied in this dissertation.The SATDP of Tiangong-1HSI are discussed and analyzed. The generalizedconclusion are given and verified through test and simulation. The guidingsuggestions are given to practical engineering development and manufacturing. Theconcrete contents are given as below.
The present research status of SATDP throughout the world is summarized andthe characters of structure and payload in Tiangong-1HSI are stated. The charactersand difficulties of thermal control technique are generalized. Against the characters ofthermal control technique with high degree of difficulty in Tiangong-1HSI, thethermal control technique based on sensitivity analysis is analyzed and set up. Thetheory and analytical method of sensitivity analysis are researched systematically.According to the structure style, mounting fashion and thermal design scheme,thermal design parameters of thermal control system are analyzed; and sensitivityanalysis contents for every thermal design parameter are given.
SATDP for major structure and focal plane assembly in Tiangong-1HSI areresearched. The in-orbit heat balance equations of major structure and focal planeassembly are established, respectively. Under the design variable analysis of the heatbalance equations, SATDP for major structure and focal plane assembly ofTiangong-1HSI are developed. The main parameters which affect thermal design ofmajor structure and focal plane assembly are found through sensitivity analysis. Thethermal design of major structure and the key components such as focal planeassembly are developed and the optimum design of thermal design scheme of opticalelements and the key components are put forward. The thermal control index of Tiangong-1HSI is modified reasonably and its rationality is analyzed.
The thermal test of Tiangong-1HSI is discussed. The technical difficulty andsimulation error of thermal test condition are analyzed. The correctness of thermaldesign scheme is verified through thermal test results. Temperature variation ofTiangong-1HSI is generalized in course of performance testing in orbit. Performancetesting results indicate that thermal control system of Tiangong-1HSI is runningperfectly. The temperature distribution and the temperature difference meet all theindex of thermal control. The accuracy and the reliability of the thermal controlsystem are estimated. The control accuracy of thermal control system is verifiedthrough thermal test. Several reliability model of thermal control system in SORS areintroduced. The reliability of thermal control system in Tiangong-1HSI is analyzed.
引文
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