基于可调谐手征结构负折射率材料的数值研究
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摘要
负折射率材料(Negative refractive materials, NRM)是21世纪国际电磁学研究的一个新的热点,在微波、光学、电磁隐身以及通信等领域具有广阔的应用前景。传统的负折射率材料即为左手材料需要等效介电常数ε和等效磁导率μ同时为负值。然而,利用手征结构设计也可以实现左手材料的负折射特性,我们称之为手征结构或手征性负折射率材料。手征性是指物体经过平移、旋转等任意空间操作均不能与其镜像完全重合的特性,手征性的强弱主要由微结构手征参数大小决定。手征性负折射率材料不需要同时存在负的等效介电常数和负的等效磁导率。手征结构负折射率材料不仅符合左手材料具有负折射率的特性,它还可以产生旋光性等其它电磁特性。最近几年,大量左手材料的工作频率都是在微波段。最近,研究者正在把工作频率向太赫兹波段和光波段推进。构造低损耗、多/宽频段、易加工的手征结构负折射率材料,提高负折射率材料的性能,一直是这个领域的一个研究重点。为此,本文致力于寻求性能良好的手征结构负折射率材料,提出了横跨微波、太赫兹波和光波段的多通带手征结构负折射率材料的设计方案。本文主要从以下几个方面对手征结构负折射率材料进行研究：
(1)介绍了传统负折射率材料的研究进展及现状,负折射率材料的主要研究内容及发展趋势；介绍了手征性负折射率材料的基本概念、研究方法以及手征性负折射率材料的最新研究进展。
(2)描述了手征结构负折射率材料的电磁理论基础、手征负折射理论及其反演方法,研究了手征结构负折射率材料需要表征的电磁参数,包含LCP/RCP波透射谱、旋光角、椭偏度、圆二色性、LCP/RCP波折射率、传统折射率、手征参数、等效介电常数、等效磁导率,探讨了手征结构负折射率材料微结构的设计方法与设计原则。
(3)基于巴比涅原理设计了微波段互补“十字型”手征性负折射率材料,对其进行数值模拟验证,反演计算了结构的圆二色性、旋光角、手征参数、等效磁导率、等效介电常数和折射率等。结果表明：该结构在微波段具有极强的旋光性和负折射率特性。进一步通过模拟微结构表面电流和磁场的分布,研究了其负折射率特性和旋光性产生的原理；然后基于该原理设计微波段互补“十字型”手征结构,在此基础上,重新设计了具有多频带负折射率特性和较大光学活性的互补“十字型”手征结构,并对其数值模拟验证。
(4)设计了太赫兹波段互补“十字型”手征性负折射率材料,通过数值模拟仿真研究了其太赫兹波电磁特性,并对旋转角、介质层厚度、开缝宽度以及开缝长度这四项关键参数进行了优化,使该结构在太赫兹波段具有最大旋光性和负折射率特性。
(5)设计了一种交叉折线型手征结构红外负折射率材料,通过数值模拟研究了其在红外波段的电磁特性。在此基础上设计了互补交叉折线型手征结构红外波段负折射率材料。数值模拟结果表明：该互补结构具有更高的LCP/RCP波透过率和光学活性以及多频带负折射特性。进一步详细分析、讨论了可调谐的结构参数(包括介质层厚度,线宽,金属层厚度)对红外波段电磁特性的影响。这种新颖的交叉折线型手征结构有望在实现紧凑和宽带光学器件方面获得应用。
Negative refractive material, also known as left-handed material, is a new hot spot in the international electromagnetics research in the21st Century. It has broad application prospects in the field of microwave, optics, electromagnetic stealth and communication. Traditional negative refractive materials are the left-handed materials of which permittivity and permeability are simultaneously negative. However, negative refractive characteristics of left-handed materials can also be achieved by designing the chiral structure, which is called the chiral structure materials or chiral negative refractive materials. Chirality refers to the object's attribute of not completely overlapping its mirror after the operation of the translation, rotation, and any change in space, and its strength is mainly determined by the size of the micro-structure chiral parameters. Chiral negative refractive materials do not need negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously. The chiral structure negative refractive materials are not only in line with the characteristics of left-handed materials with negative refractive index, it can also produce other electromagnetic properties like optical rotation, etc. In recent years, the operating frequencies of a large number of left-handed materials are in the microwave band. More recently, researchers are trying to obtain frequency of terahertz wavelengths and optical band. Constructing chiral structure and improving the properties of negative refractive materials which has low-loss, more/broadband segment, are the focusing research in this area. In order to seek the chiral structure negative refractive materials with good performance, we put forward the multipass appliance design scheme of chiral structure negative refractive materials across the microwave, terahertz wave and lightwave band.
In this paper, we study the chiral structure negative refractive materials in the following aspects:
(1) The research progress and present situation of traditional negative refractive materials, the main research contents and development of the negative refractive materials are described; the basic concepts, research methods and the latest progress of chiral negative refractive materials are presented.
(2) The electromagnetic theory foundation, the theory of chirality negative refraction and its inversion method are described. The electromagnetic parameters of negative refractive index materials that need to characterized are analyzed, including transmission spectrum of LCP/RCP wave, rotation angle, the elliptic partial degrees, circular dichroism, refractive index of LCP/RCP wave, traditional, chirality parameters, relative dielectric constant and relative magnetic permeability. The design method and principle of negative refractive index materials microstructure are discussed.
(3) Based on the Babinet principle, the complementary "cross-shaped" chiral negative refractive materials in microwave band are designed. The numerical simulation by the inversion calculation of the structure are presented for circular dichroism, rotation angle, chirality parameters, relative permeability, relative dielectric constants and refractive index, etc. The results show that the structure has a strong optical activity and negative refractive index properties in the microwave band. By simulating the surface current and magnetic field distributions of the micro-structure, the negative refractive index characteristics and the optically active principle are examined. Then a new design of complementary cross-shaped chiral structure with multi-band negative refractive index properties and a large optical activity is proposed based on the principle aforementioned.
(4) Complementary cross-type chiral negative refractive materials are designed in terahertz band, and the electromagnetic properties are examined through numerical simulation. Four key parameters, such as rotation angle, the thickness of the dielectric layer, the width and the length of the slit open seam, are optimized so that the structure has the stronger optical activity and negative refractive index characteristics in terahertz band.
(5) A negative refractive index material with crossed fold-line chiral structure is designed in the infrared, its electromagnetic properties are analyzed by numerical simulation in the infrared. Furthermore, a complementary crossed fold-line chiral structure is designed for infrared bands of negative refractive index materials. The numerical results show that the complementary structure has higher LCP/RCP wave transmittance and optical activity as well as multi-band negative refraction characteristics. Further detailed discussion on the structure parameters (including tunable dielectric layer thickness, width, thickness of the metal layer) is presented fot the electromagnetic characteristics of the infrared band. This novel crossed fold-line chiral structure is expected to be applied in a compact and broadband optics.
(1)介绍了传统负折射率材料的研究进展及现状,负折射率材料的主要研究内容及发展趋势；介绍了手征性负折射率材料的基本概念、研究方法以及手征性负折射率材料的最新研究进展。
(2)描述了手征结构负折射率材料的电磁理论基础、手征负折射理论及其反演方法,研究了手征结构负折射率材料需要表征的电磁参数,包含LCP/RCP波透射谱、旋光角、椭偏度、圆二色性、LCP/RCP波折射率、传统折射率、手征参数、等效介电常数、等效磁导率,探讨了手征结构负折射率材料微结构的设计方法与设计原则。
(3)基于巴比涅原理设计了微波段互补“十字型”手征性负折射率材料,对其进行数值模拟验证,反演计算了结构的圆二色性、旋光角、手征参数、等效磁导率、等效介电常数和折射率等。结果表明：该结构在微波段具有极强的旋光性和负折射率特性。进一步通过模拟微结构表面电流和磁场的分布,研究了其负折射率特性和旋光性产生的原理；然后基于该原理设计微波段互补“十字型”手征结构,在此基础上,重新设计了具有多频带负折射率特性和较大光学活性的互补“十字型”手征结构,并对其数值模拟验证。
(4)设计了太赫兹波段互补“十字型”手征性负折射率材料,通过数值模拟仿真研究了其太赫兹波电磁特性,并对旋转角、介质层厚度、开缝宽度以及开缝长度这四项关键参数进行了优化,使该结构在太赫兹波段具有最大旋光性和负折射率特性。
(5)设计了一种交叉折线型手征结构红外负折射率材料,通过数值模拟研究了其在红外波段的电磁特性。在此基础上设计了互补交叉折线型手征结构红外波段负折射率材料。数值模拟结果表明：该互补结构具有更高的LCP/RCP波透过率和光学活性以及多频带负折射特性。进一步详细分析、讨论了可调谐的结构参数(包括介质层厚度,线宽,金属层厚度)对红外波段电磁特性的影响。这种新颖的交叉折线型手征结构有望在实现紧凑和宽带光学器件方面获得应用。
Negative refractive material, also known as left-handed material, is a new hot spot in the international electromagnetics research in the21st Century. It has broad application prospects in the field of microwave, optics, electromagnetic stealth and communication. Traditional negative refractive materials are the left-handed materials of which permittivity and permeability are simultaneously negative. However, negative refractive characteristics of left-handed materials can also be achieved by designing the chiral structure, which is called the chiral structure materials or chiral negative refractive materials. Chirality refers to the object's attribute of not completely overlapping its mirror after the operation of the translation, rotation, and any change in space, and its strength is mainly determined by the size of the micro-structure chiral parameters. Chiral negative refractive materials do not need negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously. The chiral structure negative refractive materials are not only in line with the characteristics of left-handed materials with negative refractive index, it can also produce other electromagnetic properties like optical rotation, etc. In recent years, the operating frequencies of a large number of left-handed materials are in the microwave band. More recently, researchers are trying to obtain frequency of terahertz wavelengths and optical band. Constructing chiral structure and improving the properties of negative refractive materials which has low-loss, more/broadband segment, are the focusing research in this area. In order to seek the chiral structure negative refractive materials with good performance, we put forward the multipass appliance design scheme of chiral structure negative refractive materials across the microwave, terahertz wave and lightwave band.
In this paper, we study the chiral structure negative refractive materials in the following aspects:
(1) The research progress and present situation of traditional negative refractive materials, the main research contents and development of the negative refractive materials are described; the basic concepts, research methods and the latest progress of chiral negative refractive materials are presented.
(2) The electromagnetic theory foundation, the theory of chirality negative refraction and its inversion method are described. The electromagnetic parameters of negative refractive index materials that need to characterized are analyzed, including transmission spectrum of LCP/RCP wave, rotation angle, the elliptic partial degrees, circular dichroism, refractive index of LCP/RCP wave, traditional, chirality parameters, relative dielectric constant and relative magnetic permeability. The design method and principle of negative refractive index materials microstructure are discussed.
(3) Based on the Babinet principle, the complementary "cross-shaped" chiral negative refractive materials in microwave band are designed. The numerical simulation by the inversion calculation of the structure are presented for circular dichroism, rotation angle, chirality parameters, relative permeability, relative dielectric constants and refractive index, etc. The results show that the structure has a strong optical activity and negative refractive index properties in the microwave band. By simulating the surface current and magnetic field distributions of the micro-structure, the negative refractive index characteristics and the optically active principle are examined. Then a new design of complementary cross-shaped chiral structure with multi-band negative refractive index properties and a large optical activity is proposed based on the principle aforementioned.
(4) Complementary cross-type chiral negative refractive materials are designed in terahertz band, and the electromagnetic properties are examined through numerical simulation. Four key parameters, such as rotation angle, the thickness of the dielectric layer, the width and the length of the slit open seam, are optimized so that the structure has the stronger optical activity and negative refractive index characteristics in terahertz band.
(5) A negative refractive index material with crossed fold-line chiral structure is designed in the infrared, its electromagnetic properties are analyzed by numerical simulation in the infrared. Furthermore, a complementary crossed fold-line chiral structure is designed for infrared bands of negative refractive index materials. The numerical results show that the complementary structure has higher LCP/RCP wave transmittance and optical activity as well as multi-band negative refraction characteristics. Further detailed discussion on the structure parameters (including tunable dielectric layer thickness, width, thickness of the metal layer) is presented fot the electromagnetic characteristics of the infrared band. This novel crossed fold-line chiral structure is expected to be applied in a compact and broadband optics.
引文
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