用户名: 密码: 验证码:
中国商业银行盈余管理行为研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
盈余管理是公司管理层利用其职业判断和规划交易等多种手段,对公司盈利等项目内容进行的调节,以达到各种目的的机会主义行为。盈余管理行为虽然在短期内满足了公司管理层的需要,带来了短期的市场效应,但长期以来一方面其改变的结果使部分利益相关者的经济利益受到损失,另一方面损害了公司财务报告的中立性。与一般行业上市公司相比,商业银行同样存在盈余管理的动机和需要,而且由于商业银行在经营产品与资本结构方面存在特殊性,这就使得商业银行的盈余管理行为同样存在特殊性。而且,由于商业银行在金融行业中的重要地位,使得其盈余管理行为会导致包括引发金融危机等的更加恶劣的后果。
     因此,本文从商业银行治理理论及商业银行财务理论相融合的层面出发,以中国商业银行盈余管理行为为研究对象,在构建中国商业银行盈余管理计量方法及测度盈余管理程度的基础上,将中国商业银行盈余管理行为的经济后果,以及降低中国商业银行盈余管理行为的方法纳入统一的研究框架中,进而为客观评价及正确监管商业银行盈余管理行为提供政策建议。全文共分为七章。
     第一章,绪论。作为全文第一章,本章首先提出本文研究的主要背景及理论与现实意义;其次阐述了本文研究目的、主要研究内容及技术路线;再者对本文研究方法进行了界定;最后提出本文研究的主要创新之处。
     第二章,文献回顾与借鉴。作为研究的基础,本章对主要相关文献进行了回顾。考虑到商业银行具有一般行业公司共性,本章首先对一般行业上市公司盈余管理的相关文献进行回顾,主要包括对盈余管理的概念及动机等文献回顾以及盈余管理计量方法的文献回顾;其次主要针对商业银行盈余管理相关文献进行了回顾,主要包括对商业银行盈余管理计量方法的文献回顾及对商业银行盈余管理与商业银行特征的相关文献进行回顾,同时对一般性行业上市公司盈余管理行为与商业银行盈余管理行为的异同进行分析。
     第三章,中国商业银行盈余管理程度测度。本章研究发现:首先,本章利用异常贷款损失拨备计量以及避免盈余损失计量中的三种计量商业银行盈余管理的方法测度了中国商业银行盈余管理程度并进行统计分析,认为中国商业银行存在一定程度上的盈余管理行为,具体而言,各年度中国商业银行盈余管理分布较稳定,并没有出现较大幅度波动,而且各性质商业银行均具有一定程度的盈余管理行为;其次,本章基于行为金融视角,利用前景理论对中国商业银行盈余管理行为进行了研究,发现前景理论可以解释中国上市商业银行盈余管理行为,具体而言,在盈余水平低于阈值的商业银行盈余管理行为表现为风险喜欢状态,而在高于阈值的商业银行盈余管理行为表现为风险规避状态,而且盈余阈值参照点以上的商业银行的收益与风险间的关系更平缓,而在参照点以下的商业银行的收益与风险间的关系更陡峭;再者,本章对中国商业银行季度盈余管理行为进行了测度,并检验了季度盈余管理行为是否具有信息含量,发现中国商业银行同样存在一定程度上的季度盈余管理行为,从时间分布来看,盈余管理行为广泛的分布在不同年度的不同季度中,而从季度盈余管理的性质分布来看,不同性质的商业银行均存在一定程度的季度盈余管理行为,而且ANOVA方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis H的检验结果表明商业银行不同季度的盈余管理均值具有显著差异,进一步研究发现,中国商业银行盈余管理的信息含量也具有季度差异性,其中三季度和四季度的盈余管理行为可以解释股价变动,表明中国商业银行更加会利用三季度财务报告和年度财务报告进行盈余管理。
     第四章:中国商业银行盈余管理行为的经济后果。本章研究发现:首先,本章实证检验了商业银行盈余管理程度对经营绩效的影响,发现商业银行盈余管理程度与经营绩效间存在显著地负相关关系,即商业银行盈余管理程度越高,其经营绩效程度会越差,可见中国商业银行的盈余管理行为损害了经营绩效的提升;其次,本章实证检验了商业银行盈余管理程度对现金股利政策的影响,发现商业银行盈余管理程度与现金股利间同样存在显著地负相关关系,即商业银行盈余管理程度越高,其现金股利分配倾向与现金股利分配力度就越低,也就是说商业银行盈余管理程度越高,那么就越不倾向分配现金股利,而且分配的每股现金股利程度也越低,可见中国商业银行盈余管理行为也损害了其分配现金股利的行为。
     第五章,如何降低中国商业银行的盈余管理行为。本章研究发现:首先,本章实证检验了中国商业银行社会责任与盈余管理的关系,研究发现,商业银行社会责任与盈余管理间存在显著地负相关关系,即履行社会责任越好的中国商业银行,其盈余管理程度越低,此结论验证了本文的“道德标准说”,认为商业银行会从道德标准出发,或以道德标准约束自身行为,更加重视履行社会责任的道德观;其次,本章实证检验了审计行为与商业银行盈余管理的关系,研究发现,审计行为与商业银行盈余管理间存在显著地负相关关系,具体而言,若商业银行给予会计师事务所审计费用额度越高,选择的会计师事务所为国际四大会计师事务所以及选择了新任会计师事务所时,商业银行盈余管理程度就越低,反之商业银行盈余管理程度越高,可见审计行为在一定程度上降低了商业银行盈余管理行为,会计师事务所能够为证券市场普通投资者把关,降低商业银行盈余管理行为。
     第六章,政策建议。本章根据前文的经验证据,提出了相应的政策建议。针对前文经验证据的结果,本章认为一方面应加强商业银行社会责任观念,并提升商业银行社会责任水平,另一方面应强化外部审计职责,提升中国审计市场的竞争力;同时,本章认为还应从内外部加强对商业银行的监管,从内部应完善商业银行治理体系,发挥内部监管效应,而从外部应明晰外部监管部门职责,制定相关政策进行约束。
     第七章,研究结论与研究展望。本章总结以上各章节研究结论,并提出本文研究存在的局限性,以及提出进一步后续研究的相应设想。
     与以往研究相比,本文研究的创新之处体现在以下几方面:
     从研究对象来看,已有对于盈余管理进行研究的文献,基本上都是对一般行业上市公司盈余管理行为的研究,但是鲜有文献对商业银行盈余管理行为进行系统梳理研究的,尤其是鲜有文献的相关研究内容会在这一系统框架下较为深入的展开。因此,本文以中国商业银行为研究对象,系统的对中国商业银行的盈余管理行为进行研究,一方面可以丰富盈余管理的相关研究,另一方面也可以客观的评价中国商业银行的盈余管理行为。
     从研究方法来看,已有的测度中国商业银行盈余管理程度的方法,一种是利用测度一般上市公司盈余管理程度的Jones模型或Jones修正模型,另一种则是利用商业银行坏账比例的单一指标方法,然而这两种方法并不能综合反应商业银行经营特性与盈余管理特性。而虽然近年来已有文献已经利用商业银行异常贷款损失拨备计量的方法开始计算商业银行盈余管理程度,但这种方法的适用度依然较小。因此,本文参考并改进已有文献,在考虑商业银行盈余管理的操弄对象与操弄特性的基础上,利用异常贷款损失拨备计量与避免盈余损失计量的三种方法作为测度商业银行盈余管理的计量方法。尤其是本文系统的利用避免盈余损失计量的两种方法系统的对中国商业银行的盈余管理程度进行了测算。
     从研究内容来看,已有对于中国商业银行盈余管理行为进行研究的文献,大都是对于商业银行盈余管理行为的某一个方面进行研究。而本文一方面系统的测度了当前中国商业银行的盈余管理现状,并对商业银行实施盈余管理的行为进行了行为金融学的解释,另一方面验证了中国商业银行盈余管理的经济后果与降低商业银行盈余管理的方法。从研究内容得到的结论来看,本文一方面发现盈余管理行为是会损害商业银行以及中小股东利益的,会降低商业银行的经营绩效,而且导致中小股东无法获得现金股利的收益,另一方面发现商业银行的盈余管理行为是可以被降低的,可以通过内部的提高商业银行社会责任和通过外部的严格审计行为的方式,降低商业银行的盈余管理程度。
Earnings management is a kind of opportunistic behavior that managers use methodslike professional judgment and planning transactions to alter some items like earnings to achievevarious purposes. Though earnings management satisfies the needs of company management in theshort term, in the long run, it will, on the one hand, make part of stakeholders suffer profit loss andon the other hand, hurt the neutrality of corporate financial reporting. Compared with other listedcompanies of ordinary industries, commercial banks also have their needs and motivations forearnings management and it is the particularity of product management and capital structure thatbrings the earnings management in commercial banks particularity as well. Moreover, becausecommercial banks enjoy important status in financial industry, their behavior of earningsmanagement will result in serious economic consequences such as financial crisis.
     Thus, this thesis first combines commercial bank governance theories and financialtheories, and takes earnings management of commercial banks as the object of study;then based on the construction of measuring methods and measuring levels of earningsmanagement, this thesis presents a research framework that includes the economicconsequences of earnings management and the approaches to restrain earningsmanagement, which will provide objective evaluation and policy suggestions onappropriate supervision on earnings management. This thesis is divided into sevenchapters.
     Chapter one: Introduction. In the first chapter, the main background, theories andpractical significance of this study are introduced; then the research objectives, maincontents and technical line of this study are explained. Also, in this chapter, this thesisdefines the research methods and finally presents the major innovations of this study.
     Chapter two: Literature Review. As the basis of study, in this chapter, the literaturereview is conducted. Considering that commercial banks have common characters ofordinary industries, in this chapter, the thesis reviews some relevant literatures aboutearnings management in listed companies of ordinary industries, including reviewingthe literatures about the concept, motivation and measuring methods of earningsmanagement; then the thesis reviews literatures about the earnings management ofcommercial banks, including literatures about measuring methods and characteristics ofearnings management in commercial banks. Meanwhile, the thesis analyzes thesimilarities and differences of earnings management between listed companies of ordinary industries and commercial banks.
     Chapter three: Measurement of Level of Earnings Management of CommercialBanks in China. The research findings in this chapter are as follows: first, this thesisuses three measuring methods to measure the provision of abnormal loan losses andavoidance of earnings to measure the level of earnings management of commercialbanks in China; meanwhile, it conducts statistic analysis which tells that there isearnings management at a certain level of commercial banks in China; to be specific,the distribution of annual earnings management of commercial banks in China appearsstable without obvious fluctuation and commercial banks of all kinds have managedearnings to some extent. Second, proceeding from the perspective of behavioral finance,the thesis adopts the Prospect Theory to conduct study on earnings management ofcommercial banks in China and finds out that earnings management can be explained byProspect Theory; to be specific, when the level of earnings is below the threshold, theearnings management of commercial banks in China appears to be in a phase of risktaking while the opposite case appears to be in a phase of risk avoidance. The relationbetween earnings and risks of a commercial bank of which earnings is above thethreshold is more stable while that of the opposite case is much cliffy. Meanwhile, thethesis measures the quarterly earnings management of commercial banks in China andexamines if there is any information content in it, which tells that there is quarterlyearnings management at a certain level of commercial banks in China. In terms ofdistribution of time, earnings management extensively appears in different quarters ofdifferent years; and in terms of distribution of qualities of quarterly earningsmanagement, commercial banks of all kinds have earnings management at a certainlevel. Moreover, the testing results obtained from variance analysis of ANOVA andKruskal-Wallis H prove that the mean values of earnings management of commercialbanks in different quarters are of significant differences; and the further study revealsthat the information contents of earnings management of commercial banks in Chinaalso have quarterly otherness, and earnings management of the third and fourth quarterscan explain the stock price change, which indicates that commercial banks in China arelikely to utilize the financial report of the third quarter and the annual one to manageearnings.
     Chapter four: The Economic Consequences of Earnings Management ofCommercial Banks in China. The research findings in this chapter are as follows: first,through empirical test, the thesis verifies a negative correlation between the level of earnings management and business performance; in other words, the higher the level ofearnings management is, the worse the business performance will be, thus, the earningsmanagement impedes the promotion of business performance. Second, throughempirical test, the thesis verifies that the level of earnings management has influence oncash dividend policy, which reveals a negative correlation between the level of earningsmanagement and cash dividend; to be specific, the higher the level of earningsmanagement is, the lower tendency and lower amount of cash dividend distribution willbe, which means that if the level of earnings management of a commercial bank is high,then this bank is more likely not to distribute cash dividend and the degree ofdistribution of cash dividend per share is low. Thus, the earnings management ofcommercial banks in China also impedes cash dividend distribution.
     Chapter five: How to Restrain Earnings Management of Commercial Banks inChina. The research findings in this chapter are as follows: first, through empirical test,the thesis verifies that there is an obvious negative correlation between earningsmanagement and social responsibility of commercial banks; in other words, the betterperformance in social responsibility is, the lower the level of earnings management willbe, which proves the “Moral Standard Theory” presented by this thesis and indicatesthat commercial banks will place more emphasis on moral outlook of performing socialresponsibility by taking moral standard as premise or restraining their behaviors withmoral standard. Second, the thesis verifies that there is an obvious negative correlationbetween audit and earnings management; to be specific, the higher the audit expenselimit of accounting firms is, say, the top four international accounting firms ornewly-appointed accounting firms, the lower the level of earnings management will beand vice versa. Thus, to some extent, audit restrains earnings management ofcommercial banks, for those accounting firms are able to guide ordinary investors instock market and reduce earnings management of commercial banks.
     Chapter six: Policy Suggestions. Based on the previous studies, in this chapter, thethesis provides relevant policy suggestions which, on the one hand, indicate that theawareness of performing social responsibility should be strengthened and performancein social responsibility should be enhanced; on the other hand, the external audit dutyshould be strengthened to increase competitiveness of Chinese audit market. Meanwhile,the thesis suggests that supervision on commercial banks should be strengthened in bothexternal and internal aspects; internally, the governance system of commercial banksshould be completed to exercise internal supervision effect while externally, the duty of external supervision bodies should be clarified to draw up relevant policy for restraint.
     Chapter seven: Research Conclusions and Prospects. In this chapter, the previousresearch conclusions are summarized, and the limits of this thesis and design offollow-up study are presented.
     Compared with previous studies, the innovations of this thesis are as follows:
     In terms of the targets of study, those literatures that studied earnings managementare mostly taking the earnings management of listed companies as the target withoutpaying any effort to studying or systematically combing earnings management ofcommercial banks, and the research contents also fail to be explained deeply under suchframework. Therefore, taking Chinese commercial banks as the targets of study, thisthesis systematically studies the earnings management of commercial banks, which, onthe one hand, enriches the relevant study on earnings management, and on the otherhand, objectively evaluates the earnings management of commercial banks in China.
     In terms of research methods, there are two methods of measuring the level ofearnings management of commercial banks in China. One is Jones Model or JonesModified Model that are used to measure earnings management of ordinary listed banks;the other is to utilize the single index of dead account ratio of commercial banks. Bothmethods, however, fail to comprehensively reflect the business characters andcharacters of earnings management of commercial banks. Though, in recent years, someliteratures have adopted the measuring method of provision of abnormal loan loss tomeasure the level of earnings management in commercial banks, the feasibility of thismethod is relatively small. Thus, this thesis refers to and improves the previousliteratures, and based on the consideration of objects and characters of manipulation ofearnings management of commercial banks, this thesis uses three methods of measuringprovision of abnormal loan loss and avoidance of earnings losses to measure the level ofearnings management of commercial banks. Particularly, this thesis uses two methodsthat are used to measure avoidance of earnings losses to systematically measure thelevel of earnings management of commercial banks in China for the first time.
     In terms of research contents, the previous literatures that studied earningsmanagement of commercial banks in China are mostly centering on one certain aspectof earnings management of commercial banks in China. On the one hand, this thesissystematically measures the current state of earnings management of commercial banksin China and explains that behavior with behavioral finance; on the other hand, thisthesis verifies the economic consequences of earnings management and the methods used to restrain earnings management. In terms of the conclusions derived fromresearch contents, on the one hand, this thesis finds out that earnings management willharm the interest of minority shareholders and commercial banks, and the operatingperformance will be debased, which will result in that minority shareholders can’t getprofit from cash dividend; on the other hand, this thesis proves that earningsmanagement in commercial banks can be restrained by internally strengthening theperformance of social responsibility of commercial banks and external strict audit.
引文
艾林.2012.商业银行社会责任与盈余管理[J].甘肃金融,8:28-33.
    曹媛媛.2003.盈余变动与股利分配行为选择:基于我国上市公司的实证研究[J].经济管理,24:68~74.
    蔡春,黄益建,赵莎.2005.关于审计质量对盈余管理影响的实证研究——来自沪市制造业的经验证据[J].审计研究,2:3-10.
    陈立泰,梁乐,林川.2012.财务特征、股权结构与上市银行现金股利政策[J].金融论坛,17(3):42-47.
    陈小悦,肖星,过晓艳.2000.配股权与上市公司利润操纵[J].经济研究,1:30-36.
    陈武朝,张泓.2004.盈余管理、审计师变更与审计师独立性[J].会计研究,8:81-86.
    陈仲常,刘佳,林川.2011.商业银行绩效评价体系及影响因素研究[J].工业工程,14(3):20-24.
    池祥麟,陈庭萱.2007.盈余操纵、盈余资询内涵与企业社会责任——银行业全球实证研究[J].证券市场发展季刊(中华台北),19(1):91-132.
    邓建平,曾勇.2005.上市公司家族控制与股利决策研究[J].管理世界,7:139-147.
    杜兴强,周泽将.2009.高管变更、继任来源与盈余管理[J].当代经济科学,32(1):23-33.
    段军山.2012.贷款损失准备计提的影响因素分析——基于上市商业银行动态面板估计[J].上海金融,5:36-40.
    傅蕴英.2004.盈余管理与公司治理——基于审计意见的研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文.
    郭斌,张帆.2012.新会计准则影响我国商业银行盈余管理的实证研究——基于金融工具的公允价值计量[J].西南金融,8:61-63.
    高利芳,盛明泉.2012.证监会处罚对公司盈余管理的影响后果及机制研究[J].财贸研究,23(1):134-141.
    龚启辉,王善平.2009.审计师轮换规制效果的比较研究[J].审计研究,3:81-90.
    何苦,吴澄澄,李逸.2012.我国企业管理者是否存在以真实盈余管理逃避高质量外部审计的动机?[C].中国会计学会2012年学术年会.
    胡欢欢,吕国柄.2010.我国商业银行盈余管理行为研究——基于盈余分布模型[J].经营管理者,6:32.
    胡志磊,周思维.2012.上市公司真实盈余管理的动机——基于实证会计理论“三大假设”的视角[J].财会通讯,2:68-71.
    黄桂杰,王洪会.2002.上市公司股利分配中的盈余管理初探[J].当代经济研究,10:59-62.
    黄海沧.2006.中国上市公司股利分配政策的合理性分析[J].经济学动态,2:58-62.
    黄雷,李明,叶勇.2012.上市公司现金股利分配政策研究[J].软科学,7:118-122.
    黄玉丽,沈中华.2009.盈余管理对银行债务资金成本之影响——信用评等观点[J].管理学报(中华台北),26(6):599-623.
    江金锁,胡焱鑫.2010.政府管制、高管薪酬与盈余管理——来自中国上市商业银行的经验证据[J].财政研究,2:14-17.
    林川,曹国华.2012.中国商业银行盈余管理研究——一个前景理论视角的解释[J].金融论坛,17(11):17-22.
    李彬,张俊瑞.2010.实际活动盈余管理的经济后果研究:来自销售操控的证据[J].管理评论,22(9):84-92.
    李朝霞.2003.浅谈股利分配与盈余管理的关系[J].四川财政,11:24-25.
    李敬强,刘凤军.2010.企业慈善捐赠对市场影响的实证研究——以“5·12”地震慈善捐赠为例[J].中国软科学,6:160-166.
    李世新,谢丽娜.2009.盈余管理度量方法介绍与比较[J].财会月刊,3:85-86.
    李维安,曹廷求.2005.商业银行公司治理——基于商业银行特殊性的研究[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),1:83-89.
    李伟阳,肖红军.2011.企业社会责任的逻辑[J].中国工业经济,10:87-97.
    李雯,徐焕章.2011.上市商业银行贷款损失准备与盈余管理关系的实证分析[J].财会月刊,2:14-15.
    栗煜霞,李宏贵.2004.上市公司季度盈余信息含量的实证研究[J].证券市场导报,8:21-25.
    刘菲.2012.审计质量与真实盈余管理关系的实证研究[J].现代商贸工业,1:170-171.
    刘峰.2001.盈余管理的基本理论探讨[J].浙江金融,8:36-37.
    刘光乾,陈志丹.2011.基于前景理论的股权融资偏好行为解释[J].统计与决策,5:134-136.
    刘家玉.2012.现金股利政策对盈余管理影响的文献综述[J].中国证券期货,7:109.
    刘宁静,邱文武.2003.我国商业银行独立董事制度的完善[J].上海金融,5:23-24.
    刘艳妮,张航,邝凯.2011.商业银行股权结构与经营绩效的关系——基于上市银行的实证分析[J].金融论坛,16(7):37-43.
    刘艳伟.2011.上市银行强制性会计政策变更效果研究——基于上市银行2005-2009年的经验数据[J].统计与信息论坛,9:89-93.
    刘志伟,赵永琴.2011.我国上市银行股利分配政策研究[J].中国证券期货,5:18-19.
    陆建桥.1999.中国亏损上市公司盈余管理实证研究[J].会计研究,9:25-35.
    鹿美遥,王延明.2005.财务报告成本和税收利益之间的权衡——基于存货计价方法选择的理论分析[J].上海立信会计学院学报,6:24-27.
    马忠,朱栗.2008.盈余管理计且方法综述与研究展望[C].中国会计学会高等工科院校分会2008年学术年会暨中央在鄂集团企业财务管理研讨会:251-265.
    梅孙华,张晨.2009.新会计准则下我国商业银行盈余管理实证研究[C].中国会计学会高等工科院校分会2009年学术会议(第十六届学术年会)论文集:361-367.
    孟晓俊,肖作平,曲佳莉.2010.企业社会责任信息披露与资本成本的互动关系——基于信息不对称视角的一个分析框架[J].会计研究,9:25-29.
    倪慧萍.2010.审计委员会、会计师事务所规模与盈余管理抑制——来自2005年我国A股上市公司的实证研究[J].生产力研究,9:3-10.
    彭江平,郑琦.2007.盈余管理对股利政策影响的实证研究[J].统计教育,90(3):54-57.
    漆江娜,陈慧霖,张阳.2004.事务所规模、品牌、价格与审计质量——国际“四大”中国审计市场收费与质量研究[J].审计研究,3:59-65.
    申慧慧.2010.环境不确定性对盈余管理的影响[J].审计研究,1:89-96.
    沈烈,张西萍.2007.新会计准则与盈余管理[J].会计研究,2:52-58.
    石晓军,王海峰.2007.试析商业银行盈余管理的工具[J].财会月刊,8:25-26.
    司振强.2008.我国上市商业银行聘用会计师事务所情况研究[J].金融会计,7:61-66.
    孙亮,刘春.2007.盈余管理程度的决定因素:公司治理抑或经营绩效[J].财经科学,11:33-40.
    孙铮,王跃堂.1999.资源配置与盈余操纵之实证研究[J].财经研究,4:3-9.
    孙铮,王跃堂.2000.资源配制与盈余操纵的实证研究[M].上海财经大学出版社.
    唐清泉,罗党论,王莉.2006.上市公司独立董事辞职行为研究——基于前景理论的分析[J].南开管理评论,1:74-83.
    田存志,刘可.2012.贷款损失准备计提的动机与商业银行治理[J].产经评论,2:150-160.
    汪金爱,章凯,赵三英.2012.为什么CEO解职如此罕见?一种基于前景理论的解释[J].南开管理评论,1:54-66.
    王春丽.2012.浅谈城市商业银行的会计信息披露[J].经济研究导刊,31:45-46.
    王茂超,干胜道.2009.我国上市公司增发新股前的盈余管理实证研究[J].现代管理科学,11:78-80.
    温素彬,方苑.2008.企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究——利益相关者视角的面板数据分析[J].中国工业经济,10:150-160.
    吴镝.2012.我国商业银行社会责任研究[D].西北大学硕士学位论文.
    武恒光,李海彬.2012.经济利益损害审计质量吗?——来自我国银行业的经验证据[J].财政研究,9:30-35.
    武恒光,张龙平.2012a.经济依赖度、盈余管理水平与审计独立性——来自上市商业银行的经验证据[J].财经理论与实践,33(4):74-79.
    武恒光,张龙平.2012b.行政干预、高管薪酬与盈余管理——来自银行业的经验证据[J].山西财经大学学报,34(8):41-50.
    武恒光,张龙平.2012c.我国上市银行的产权性质、经济利益与审计质量[J].财经论丛,6:35-41.
    武恒光,张龙平.2012d.产权性质视角下的银行业审计质量与经济利益关系研究——基于偏最小二乘法的估计[J].财贸研究,23(6):122-131.
    徐枫,王伟.2012.上市商业银行盈余管理的实证研究[J].中国证券期货,5:240-243.
    徐岩,陈银涛,于晓佳,尹存喜.2012.EVA绩效评价对盈余管理影响的实证分析[J].会计之友,7:76-78.
    肖红军,张俊生,曾亚敏.2010.资本市场对公司社会责任事件的惩戒效应——基于富士康公司员工自杀事件的研究[J].中国工业经济,8:118-128.
    萧松华,谭超颖.2009.中国商业银行社会责任评价指标体系构建探讨[J].金融论坛,14(8):20-24.
    许友传,杨继光.2010.商业银行贷款损失准备与盈余管理动机[J].经济科学,2:94-103.
    姚婕.2001.论企业盈余管理[J].商业经济与管理,116(6):35-39.
    俞乔,杜滨,李若山.2004.我国上市公司盈余管理程度研究[Z].复旦大学工作论文.
    俞震,冯巧根.2010.薪酬差距:对公司盈余管理与经营绩效的影响[J].学海,1:118-123.
    曾爱民,傅元略,陈高才.2009.我国上市公司盈余管理阈值研究——基于前景理论视角[J].当代财经,10:123-129.
    赵胜民,翟光宇,张瑜.2011.我国上市商业银行盈余管理与市场约束——基于投资收益及风险管理的视角[J].经济理论与经济管理,8:75-85.
    赵杨,刘延平,孔祥纬.2010.中国银行业社会责任分项评价体系——基于利益相关者理论的视角[J].金融论坛,15(5):24-30.
    章永奎,刘峰.2002.盈余管理与审计意见相关性实证研究[J].中国会计和财务研究,4(1):1-13.
    张帆,郭斌.2011.新会计准则影响我国商业银行盈余管理的实证研究——基于金融工具的公允价值计量[J].西南金融,8:61-63.
    张祥建,徐晋.2006.投资者是否被上市公司的盈余管理行为所误导?——来自配股融资的证据[J].南方经济,8:17-31.
    张鑫,徐璋勇.2011.中国股票市场财富效应的实证研究——基于2003-2009年季度数据的分析[J].西安石油大学学报,20(1):28-34.
    郑琦.2009.定向增发公司盈余管理研究[J].上海金融学院学报,3:53-58.
    钟向东,樊行健.2011.企业社会责任、财务业绩与盈余管理关系的研究[J].财会月刊,9:14-18.
    周天芸,曾智敏.2009.股权再融资中的盈余管理及其市场反应[J].科学决策,10:53-62.
    朱隶.2007.中国盈余管理测度模型构建及其计量分析[J].经济问题,9:111-113.
    朱明秀.2011.财务业绩、CEO薪酬与商业银行社会责任——基于我国上市商业银行的实证分析[J].财经理论与实践,32(3):57-61.
    左晓慧,袁千惠.2012.我国上市商业银行盈余管理的实证研究[J].山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版),35(1):126-130.
    Bengtsson, K., Bergstrom, C., and Nilsson, M..2007. Earnings Management and CEOTurnovers[Z].Working Paper,Stockholm school of Economics.
    Bergstresser, D.,and Philippon, T..2006.CEO Incentives and Earnings Management[J].Journalof Financial Economics,80(3):511-529.
    Bhattacharya, U.,Daouk, H.,and Welker, M..2003.The World Price of Earnings Opacity[J].TheAccounting Review,78(3):641-678.
    Bowen, R. M.,Rajgopal, S.,and Venkatachalam, M..2008.Accounting Discretion,CorporateGovernance and Firm Performance[J].Contemporary Accounting Research,25(2):351-405.
    Burgstahler, D.,and Dichive, I..1997.Earnings Management to Avoid Earnings Decreases andLosses[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,24:99-126.
    Burgstahler, D.,and Eames M.2006.Management of Earnings and Analysts’ Foreeasts to Aehievezero and Small positive Earnings Surprises[J].Journal of Business Finance&Accounting,33(5):633-652.
    Camerer, C. E.,and Lovallo, D..1999.Overconfidence and Excess Entry:An ExperimentalApproach[J].American Economic Review,89(1):306-318.
    Chih, H. L.,Shen, C. H.,and Kang, F. C..2008.Corporate Social Responsibility,InvestorProtection,and Earnings Management:Some International Evidence[J].Journal of BusinessEthics,79(1):179-198.
    Cohen, D. A.,Dey, A.,and Lys, T. Z..2008.Real and Accrual-Based Earnings Management in thePre-and Post-Sarbanes-Oxley Periods[J].The Accounting Review,83(3):757-787.
    Collins, J. H.,Shackelford, D. A.,and Wahlen, J.M..1995.Bank Differences in the Coordinationof Regulatory Capital,Earnings,and Taxes[J].Journal of Accounting Research,33(2):263-291.
    Cornett, M. M.,McNutt, J. J.,and Tehranian, H..2009.Corporate Governance and EarningsManagement at Large U.S. Bank Holding Companies[J].Journal of Corporate Finance,4(9):412-430.
    DeAngelo, L. E..1981.Auditor Size and Audit Quality[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,3:183-199.
    DeAngelo, L. E..1986.Accounting Numbers as Market Valuation Substitutes:A Study ofManagement Buyouts of Public Stockholders[J].Accounting Review,6:400-420.
    Dechow, P. M.,Richardson, S. A.,and Tuna, I..2003.Why are Earnings kinky?An Examinationo f the Earnings Management explanation[J].Review of Accounting Studies,8(2):355-384.
    Dechow, P. M.,and Skinner, D. J..2000.Earnings Management:Reconciling the Views ofAccounting Academics,Practitioners,and Regulators[J].Accounting Horizons,14(2):235-250.
    Dechow, P.M.,Sloan, R.G.,and Sweeney, A.P..1995.Detecting earnings management[J].TheAccounting Review,70(2):193-225.
    Dechow, P.M.,Sloan R. G.,and Sweeney A.P..1998.The Relation between Earnings Managementand Cash Flow[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,25:133-168.
    Defond, M.,and Jiambalvo, J..1991.Incidence and Circum Stances of Accounting Errors[J].TheAccounting Review,66(3):643-655.
    Defond, M. L.,and Jiambalvo, J..1994.Debt Covenant Effects and the Manipulation ofAccruals[J].Journal of Accounting and Economics,17(1):145-176.
    Degeorge, F., Patel, J., and Zeckhauser, R..1999. Earnings Management to ExceedThresholds[J].Journal of Business,72(1):1-33.
    Dye, R..1993.Auditing Standards,Legal Liability and Auditor Wealth[J].Journal of PoliticalEconomy,101(5):887-914.
    Fama, E. F.,and Babiak, H..1968.Dividend Policy:An Empirical Analysis[J].Journal of AmericanStatistical Association,63(3):1132-1161.
    Fiegenbaum, A..1990.Prospect Theory and Risk-return Association[J].Journal of EconomicsBehavior and Organization,14:187-203.
    Fonseca, A. R.,and Gonzalez, G..2008.Cross-country Determinants of Bank Income Smoothing byManaging Loan-loss Provisions[J].Journal of Banking&Finance,32:217-228.
    Gelb, D. S.,and Strawser, J. A..2001.Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Disclosure:An Alternative Explanation for Increased Disclosure[J].Journal of Business Ethics,32(1):1-13.
    Hayn, C.,Narayanamoorthy, G.,Watts, R. L..2001.How and Why Fourth Quarter Earnings Differfrom Interim Quarter Earnings[Z].SSRN Working Paper.
    Healy, P. M..1985.The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions[J].Journal ofAccounting and Economics,7(1):85-107.
    Healy, P. M.,and Wahlen, J. M..1999.A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and itsImplications for Standard Setting[J].Accounting Horizons,13(4):365-383.
    Jensen, M. C..2001.Value Maximization,Stakeholder Theory,and the Corporate ObjectiveFunction[J].Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,14(3):8-21.
    Jeter, D. C.,and Shivakumar, L..1999.Cross-sectional Estimation of Abnormal Accruals UsingQuarterly and Annual Data: Effectiveness in Detecting Event-Specific EarningsManagement[J].Accounting and Business Research,29:299-319.
    Jones, J..1991.Earnings Management during Import Relief Investigations[J].Journal of AccountingResearch,29(2):193-228.
    Kahneman, D.,and Tversky, A..1979.Prospect Theory:An Analysis of Decision underRisk[J].Econometrica,47(3):263-292.
    Kanagaretnam, K.,Lobo, G. J.,and Mathieu, R..2004.Earnings Management to Reduce EarningsVariability: Evidence from Bank Loan Loss Provisions[J]. Contemporary AccountingResearch,21(4):843-884.
    Kanagaretnam, K.,Lobo, G. J.,and Yang, D. H..2005.Determinants of Signaling by Banks throughLoan Loss Provisions[J].Journal of Business Research,58(3):312-320.
    Kang, S.,and Sivaramakrishnan, K..1995.Issues in Testing Earnings Management and anInstrumental Variable Approach[J].Journal of Accounting Research,33(2):353-367.
    Leuz, C.,Nanda, D.,and Wysocki, P. D..2003.Earnings Management and Investor Protection:An International Comparison[J].Journal of Financial Economics,69(3):505-527.
    Lintner, J..1956.Distribution of Incomes of Corporations Among Dividends,Retained Earnings andTaxes[J].American Economic Review,46(2):97-113.
    MacKinlay, A. C..1997.Event Studies in Economics and Finance[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,35(1):13-39.
    McNichols, M.,and Wilson, G. P..1988.Evidence of Earnings Management from the Provision forBad Debts[J].Journal of Accounting Research,26:1-31.
    Myers, J. N.,Myers, L. A.,and Omer, T. C..2003.Exploring the Term of the Auditor-ClientRelationship and the Quality of Earnings:A Case for Mandatory Auditor Rotation?[J].TheAccounting Review,78:779-799.
    O’ Keefe, T. B.,King, R. D.,and Gaver, K. M..1994.Audit Fees,Industry Specialization,andCompliance with GASS Reporting[J].A Journal of Practice and Theory,13(2):41-45.
    Oosterbosch, R. V..2009.Earnings Management in the Banking Industry[Z].Working Paper,http://hdl.handle.net/2105/5611.
    Prior, D.,Surroca, J.,and Tribo, J. A..2008.Are Socially Responsible Managers Really Ethical?Exploring the Relationship between Earnings Management and Corporate SocialResponsibility[J].Corporate Governance,16(3):160-176.
    Ronen, J.,and Sadan, S..1981.Smoothing Income Numbers[M].Addison-Wesley.
    Roychowdhury, S..2006.Earnings Management through Real Activities Manipulation[J].Journalof Accounting and Economics,42(3):335-370.
    Ruf, B. M.,Muralidhar, K.,Brown, R. M.,Janney, J. J.,and Paul, K..2001.An EmpiricalInvestigation of the Relationship between Change in Corporate Social Performance andFinancial Performance:A Stakeholder Theory Perspective[J].Journal of Business Ethics,32(2):143-156.
    Schipper, K..1989.Commentary on Earnings Management[J].Accounting Horizons,3(4):91-102.
    Schnietz, K. E.,and Epstein, M. J..2005.Exploring the Financial Value of a Reputation forCorporate Social Responsibility during a Crisis[J].Corporate Reputation Review,7(4):91-102.
    Scott, W. R..1997.Financial Accounting Theory [M].Prentice Hall.
    Shen, C. H.,and Chih, H. L..2005.Investor Protection,Prospect Theory,and EarningsManagement:An International Comparison of the Banking Industry[J].Journal of Banking&Finance,29(10):2675-2697.
    Sweeney, A. P..1994.Debt-covenant Violations and Managers’ Accounting Responses[J].Journalof Accounting and Economics,17(3):281-308.
    Teoh, S. H.,Welch, I.,and Wong, T.J..1998.Earnings Management and the Underperformance ofSeasoned Equity Offerings[J].Journal of Financial Economics,50(12):63-99.
    Watts, R. L.,and Zimmerman, J. L..1978.Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination ofAccounting Standards[J].The Accounting Review,53(1):112-134.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700