基于非参数效率评价方法的油田效率评价研究
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摘要
油田这种典型的资源型企业是以石油资源的储备条件为前提的。随着经济的发展、科技的进步,人们生产生活对石油能源的需求不断增加。但是,资源的储量,无论我们是否已探明,都会随着开采而减少。由于需求日益增长和资源不断减少的矛盾的加剧,除了积极寻找替代能源和增加进口外,为保证正常的生产生活,石油资源的勘探开发仍不能松懈。考虑到石油的资源储备及油田的生命周期问题,对石油资源的开采和生产要讲求效率和可持续性。因此,油田的生产效率问题变得更加重要和值得研究。
本文针对油田生产效率问题,系统全面研究了关于效率评价的非参数方法以及能源和资源的效率评价问题。因此,本文的主要研究工作如下:
1、深入系统地研究了非参数效率评价的相关方法,对这些方法的优越性与局限性进行比较,得到这些方法组合运用的顺序和结构来解决油田资源型企业的效率评价问题。
2、在对资源型企业的效率评价时,虽然投入的多少是可以由人为决定的,但在人为确定投入水平下,获得的产出是不确定的。这种不确定对于资源型企业来讲,除了技术和管理上的不同的原因外,还由于存在资源禀赋上的差异。本文通过对马克思级差地租理论和级差矿利理论的研究,给出了资源型企业生产的级差效率概念,并针对这一概念,分析总结了影响级差效率的I和II两类级差环境因素。
3、本文运用Bootstrap技术对油田企业生产效率和Malmquist指数进行了可信度研究。对单纯DEA的结果进行了纠偏,并给出了置信区间,使被评价单元处于一个更宏观的范围内被评价,增强了评价结果的可信性,为进一步分析研究打下了基础。
4、使用两阶段模型对油田企业效率进行了因素分析,指明了外在因素的影响。本文从外部因素对效率影响的角度分析资源型企业的生产效率问题,避免了对投入指标的权重设置的主观性和不准确性,同时也为无效企业的效率改进提供了外部参考。
5、对于资源型企业,结合资源特性与生命周期特点分析Malmquist指数,研究了资源型企业全寿命期生产效率管理的一般规律,提出了非参数效率评价方法、Malmquist指数及相关方法在相关管理工作中的指示作用和应用方法。
Oil fields are the most classical enterprises of resource, which is based on the much of oil reserves. Along with the progress of the economy and technology, the demand of yield and life to the resource grows more day by day. No matter proven up of unproven up, the resource is reducing with the exploitation going. Because of the inconsistency between growing demand and reducing reserves, the production efficiency of oil resource needs to be enhanced besides increasing import and searching for substitute. Considering the characteristics of resource itself and oil fields’lifecycle, the exploitation to the oil resource needs to be efficient and sustainable. So the production efficiency on oil fields becomes more important and desirable.
This paper made both theoretical and empirical studies, the main work and innovations are as follows:
1. Nonparametric methods about efficiency evaluation are researched systemically and deeply. Advantages and disadvantages among these methods are compared as well. Then the combination and coherence of these methods are achieved to cope with the efficiency appraisal of oil fields.
2. Efficiency of resource enterprises is not just based on the inputs and outputs, which is also impacted by the environmental factors. So this paper defines the differential efficiency of oil fields, with researching Marx’s differential rent theory and differential benefit theory. And then analyzes differential environment factors I and II based on the concept of differential efficiency.
3. Efficiency appraisal and Malmquist index of oil fields and the reliability test with bootstrap of this are done. It gained the confidential intervals of efficiency scores, and makes DMUs evaluated in a more macroscopical scope. It is the basis of next step.
4. Two-stage model is used to analyze impacts of environmental factors. It is another point of view to evaluate the efficiency of oil fields. It avoids making weights of inputs and outputs subjectively and inaccurately. And the external reference of improving efficiency to the inefficient DMUs is provided.
5. As for resource enterprises, oil fields, this paper comes up with the general regulation of efficiency management based on the whole lifecycle and characteristics of resources. The indication and application of nonparametric methods, Malmquist index and other relative methods in managing are provided.
本文针对油田生产效率问题,系统全面研究了关于效率评价的非参数方法以及能源和资源的效率评价问题。因此,本文的主要研究工作如下:
1、深入系统地研究了非参数效率评价的相关方法,对这些方法的优越性与局限性进行比较,得到这些方法组合运用的顺序和结构来解决油田资源型企业的效率评价问题。
2、在对资源型企业的效率评价时,虽然投入的多少是可以由人为决定的,但在人为确定投入水平下,获得的产出是不确定的。这种不确定对于资源型企业来讲,除了技术和管理上的不同的原因外,还由于存在资源禀赋上的差异。本文通过对马克思级差地租理论和级差矿利理论的研究,给出了资源型企业生产的级差效率概念,并针对这一概念,分析总结了影响级差效率的I和II两类级差环境因素。
3、本文运用Bootstrap技术对油田企业生产效率和Malmquist指数进行了可信度研究。对单纯DEA的结果进行了纠偏,并给出了置信区间,使被评价单元处于一个更宏观的范围内被评价,增强了评价结果的可信性,为进一步分析研究打下了基础。
4、使用两阶段模型对油田企业效率进行了因素分析,指明了外在因素的影响。本文从外部因素对效率影响的角度分析资源型企业的生产效率问题,避免了对投入指标的权重设置的主观性和不准确性,同时也为无效企业的效率改进提供了外部参考。
5、对于资源型企业,结合资源特性与生命周期特点分析Malmquist指数,研究了资源型企业全寿命期生产效率管理的一般规律,提出了非参数效率评价方法、Malmquist指数及相关方法在相关管理工作中的指示作用和应用方法。
Oil fields are the most classical enterprises of resource, which is based on the much of oil reserves. Along with the progress of the economy and technology, the demand of yield and life to the resource grows more day by day. No matter proven up of unproven up, the resource is reducing with the exploitation going. Because of the inconsistency between growing demand and reducing reserves, the production efficiency of oil resource needs to be enhanced besides increasing import and searching for substitute. Considering the characteristics of resource itself and oil fields’lifecycle, the exploitation to the oil resource needs to be efficient and sustainable. So the production efficiency on oil fields becomes more important and desirable.
This paper made both theoretical and empirical studies, the main work and innovations are as follows:
1. Nonparametric methods about efficiency evaluation are researched systemically and deeply. Advantages and disadvantages among these methods are compared as well. Then the combination and coherence of these methods are achieved to cope with the efficiency appraisal of oil fields.
2. Efficiency of resource enterprises is not just based on the inputs and outputs, which is also impacted by the environmental factors. So this paper defines the differential efficiency of oil fields, with researching Marx’s differential rent theory and differential benefit theory. And then analyzes differential environment factors I and II based on the concept of differential efficiency.
3. Efficiency appraisal and Malmquist index of oil fields and the reliability test with bootstrap of this are done. It gained the confidential intervals of efficiency scores, and makes DMUs evaluated in a more macroscopical scope. It is the basis of next step.
4. Two-stage model is used to analyze impacts of environmental factors. It is another point of view to evaluate the efficiency of oil fields. It avoids making weights of inputs and outputs subjectively and inaccurately. And the external reference of improving efficiency to the inefficient DMUs is provided.
5. As for resource enterprises, oil fields, this paper comes up with the general regulation of efficiency management based on the whole lifecycle and characteristics of resources. The indication and application of nonparametric methods, Malmquist index and other relative methods in managing are provided.
引文
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