中国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展研究
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摘要
生产性服务业作为一个独立的行业,出现在20世纪30年代的西方国家,20世纪70年代生产性服务业在发达国家呈现快速发展的态势,一些国家生产性服务业占服务业产值的比重甚至超过70%,随着产业结构转型升级对生产性服务业的快速增长与制造业升级之间关系的讨论也成为学者研究的热点内容。我国在1978年确定改革开放的政策方针之后,国民经济各组成部分才进入到快速发展的阶段,生产性服务活动逐渐发展才形成生产性服务业,因此与发达国家相比,生产性服务业的发展仍无法满足制造业的需求,首先表现为生产性服务业发展水平较低,其产值占服务业的比重低于发达国家；其次,生产性服务业的内部结构不合理,表现为高端生产性服务业发展不足；第三,我国的生产性服务活动内化现象严重,外部化、专业化发展不足；第四,生产性服务业进入壁垒较高,对非国有资本的限制过于严格,导致生产性服务行业的竞争活跃度不够。经济发展中遇到的现实问题逐渐得到我国学者的关注,关于生产性服务业与制造业之间关系的探讨也逐渐丰富,本研究就是为了进一步将这一研究推向深入而做出的积极努力。
本研究的结构安排分为六章。文献综述部分归纳了国内外学者关于生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的研究成果,如生产性服务业外延的界定、生产性服务业与制造业的关系、制造业服务化等问题,并对国内外学者的研究成果进行简要评价。在此基础上分析了我国制造业和生产性服务业发展现状。详细描述我国制造业发展的现状,对改革开放三十五年来制造业取得的成就与存在的难题分别进行了分析,在总结制造业的成就与难题之后,就我国生产性服务业发展水平进行了分析,认为生产性服务业起步晚、增长慢,制约了制造业竞争力升级,并对此造成的后果进行了讨论。第四章对生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的基本涵义进行了界定,并实证分析了我国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的水平,实证研究表明,短期内我国生产性服务业对制造业的促进作用更为明显,制造业对生产性服务业的促进作用较弱,但长期中生产性服务业与制造业呈现相互依赖、相互促进的发展趋势,之后,基于对我国生产性服务业与制造业协调水平的判断,分析了制约我国两产业协调发展的影响因素。本文还对美国、英国、日本和德国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的经验进行总结,分析出对我国未来实现生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的启示。最后,基于对前面三、四、五、六章的分析,提出了促进我国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的七大对策建议：1、促进生产性服务业体制改革,构建公平竞争的市场环境；2、鼓励共建共享创新基础平台；3、提高生产性服务企业科技创新能力；4、推进生产性服务业的集聚式发展；5、推动生产性服务业行业协会发展；6、从制造业的“招商引资”转变为“招商选资”。7、促进生产性服务业与制造业互动融合,完善协调发展机制。
As an independent industry, producer service industry appeared in western countriesin1930s and increased rapidly in1970s.The output of producer service industry had account for70%in service industry in some of these countries. The discussion on the relationship between the rapid growth of producer service industry and the upgrading of manufacturing industry had become a popular research content. Each industry of the national economy had got a rapid growth in China after the Reform and Open Policy had been carried out, and producer service activity had been becoming the producer service industry from then on. However, the development of producer service industry are still unable to meet the demand of manufacturing industry compared with developed countries. The Paradox of China performance appears in four ways. Firstly, the development of producer service industry is on low level and its output accounted for the proportion of the service sector is lower than developed countries. Secondly, the structure of producer service industry is unreasonable for the development of high-end service industry is deficiency. Thirdly, the internalization phenomenon of producer service activity is serious for the externalization and professional development is inadequate. Fourth, the barriers to entry is high in producer service industry and the restrictions to on-state-owned capital are too strict. All the reasons above lead to the low competitive. These practical problems encountered in economic development have gradually been concerned by Chinese scholars, the discussion about the relationship between producer service industry and manufacturing industry is more than before. This research is to make positive efforts to further this study.
The paper concludes six chapters. The literature-summary part summarizes the research about the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry of domestic and foreign scholars, such as the definition of producer service industry, the relationship between manufacturing industry and producer service industry, the serviced of manufacturing industry. And this part also briefly evaluates the research of scholars from domestic and foreign country In the first part of the main body the current situation of manufacturing industry and producer service industry in China is analyzed. The author analyzes the achievement and the problems of manufacturing industry, summarizes the development of producer service, and concludes that producer service industry has hampered the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry upgrade for its relatively low level and discussed the consequences of the situation. The fourth chapter defines the meaning of the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry and analyze the level by a model. The result shows that the promotion of producer services can lead to apparent growth of the manufacturing industry in short term, while is weak in opposite. The result also shows that producer service industry and manufacturing industry will gain interdependence and mutual promotion trend in the long term. The paper also analyzes the factors which influence the coordinated development of the two industry. This paper summarizes the development of producer service industry and manufacturing in the USA, UK, Japan and German and analyze the experience and enlightenment which we can learn. To promote the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry, the paper concludes six countermeasures and suggestions:1. Promoting the reform of producer service industry and building fair competition market.2.Encouraging the share of innovation platform.3.Improving the ability of technological innovation of producer service enterprise.4.Promoting the cluster of producer service industry.5. Promoting the development of Producer Service Industry Association.6.Changing from the "asking for money" into "choose investment capital"
本研究的结构安排分为六章。文献综述部分归纳了国内外学者关于生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的研究成果,如生产性服务业外延的界定、生产性服务业与制造业的关系、制造业服务化等问题,并对国内外学者的研究成果进行简要评价。在此基础上分析了我国制造业和生产性服务业发展现状。详细描述我国制造业发展的现状,对改革开放三十五年来制造业取得的成就与存在的难题分别进行了分析,在总结制造业的成就与难题之后,就我国生产性服务业发展水平进行了分析,认为生产性服务业起步晚、增长慢,制约了制造业竞争力升级,并对此造成的后果进行了讨论。第四章对生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的基本涵义进行了界定,并实证分析了我国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的水平,实证研究表明,短期内我国生产性服务业对制造业的促进作用更为明显,制造业对生产性服务业的促进作用较弱,但长期中生产性服务业与制造业呈现相互依赖、相互促进的发展趋势,之后,基于对我国生产性服务业与制造业协调水平的判断,分析了制约我国两产业协调发展的影响因素。本文还对美国、英国、日本和德国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的经验进行总结,分析出对我国未来实现生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的启示。最后,基于对前面三、四、五、六章的分析,提出了促进我国生产性服务业与制造业协调发展的七大对策建议：1、促进生产性服务业体制改革,构建公平竞争的市场环境；2、鼓励共建共享创新基础平台；3、提高生产性服务企业科技创新能力；4、推进生产性服务业的集聚式发展；5、推动生产性服务业行业协会发展；6、从制造业的“招商引资”转变为“招商选资”。7、促进生产性服务业与制造业互动融合,完善协调发展机制。
As an independent industry, producer service industry appeared in western countriesin1930s and increased rapidly in1970s.The output of producer service industry had account for70%in service industry in some of these countries. The discussion on the relationship between the rapid growth of producer service industry and the upgrading of manufacturing industry had become a popular research content. Each industry of the national economy had got a rapid growth in China after the Reform and Open Policy had been carried out, and producer service activity had been becoming the producer service industry from then on. However, the development of producer service industry are still unable to meet the demand of manufacturing industry compared with developed countries. The Paradox of China performance appears in four ways. Firstly, the development of producer service industry is on low level and its output accounted for the proportion of the service sector is lower than developed countries. Secondly, the structure of producer service industry is unreasonable for the development of high-end service industry is deficiency. Thirdly, the internalization phenomenon of producer service activity is serious for the externalization and professional development is inadequate. Fourth, the barriers to entry is high in producer service industry and the restrictions to on-state-owned capital are too strict. All the reasons above lead to the low competitive. These practical problems encountered in economic development have gradually been concerned by Chinese scholars, the discussion about the relationship between producer service industry and manufacturing industry is more than before. This research is to make positive efforts to further this study.
The paper concludes six chapters. The literature-summary part summarizes the research about the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry of domestic and foreign scholars, such as the definition of producer service industry, the relationship between manufacturing industry and producer service industry, the serviced of manufacturing industry. And this part also briefly evaluates the research of scholars from domestic and foreign country In the first part of the main body the current situation of manufacturing industry and producer service industry in China is analyzed. The author analyzes the achievement and the problems of manufacturing industry, summarizes the development of producer service, and concludes that producer service industry has hampered the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry upgrade for its relatively low level and discussed the consequences of the situation. The fourth chapter defines the meaning of the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry and analyze the level by a model. The result shows that the promotion of producer services can lead to apparent growth of the manufacturing industry in short term, while is weak in opposite. The result also shows that producer service industry and manufacturing industry will gain interdependence and mutual promotion trend in the long term. The paper also analyzes the factors which influence the coordinated development of the two industry. This paper summarizes the development of producer service industry and manufacturing in the USA, UK, Japan and German and analyze the experience and enlightenment which we can learn. To promote the coordinated development of producer service industry and manufacturing industry, the paper concludes six countermeasures and suggestions:1. Promoting the reform of producer service industry and building fair competition market.2.Encouraging the share of innovation platform.3.Improving the ability of technological innovation of producer service enterprise.4.Promoting the cluster of producer service industry.5. Promoting the development of Producer Service Industry Association.6.Changing from the "asking for money" into "choose investment capital"
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