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广西南北钦防城市群经济发展机制研究
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摘要
在全球化时代背景下,城市群作为我国最具活力的区域和参与国际竞争的基本单元,其发展正深刻地影响着我国的国际竞争力。城市群通过产业集聚和发散的功能使其在区域间、国际上参与全球分工、互相竞争、寻求交流与合作,并影响着21世纪全球经济的新格局。国家“十一五”规划指出,要把城市群作为推进城镇化建设的主体形态,将其作为中国未来经济发展中最具活力和潜力的增长极。我国现已形成23个城市群,其快速扩张和发展已成为带有普遍意义的不可阻挡之势。近年来,城市群经济的发展已受到理论界和实践部门的极大关注,但是目前对影响城市群经济发展的基本动力因素仍不清晰,缺少对经济发展机制的阐释和升华。
     本文结合当前社会经济发展的时代特征,以南北钦防城市群为研究对象,以众多前辈在城市群相关理论的研究为基础,在经济学、地理学等相关理论的指导下,对南北钦防城市群经济发展机制展开研究,具体分析南北钦防城市群经济职能定位、产业结构调整、经济空间布局变化的规律和趋势,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。通过相关研究,不仅可以弥补现有城市群经济发展理论研究的不足,丰富西部城市群经济发展的研究内容,进而为我国经济领域改革的实质性推进方面提供新思路和新路径。同时可以为西部沿海地区的经济发展提供现实指导,进而为南北钦防城市群建设、产业结构发展、经济空间优化运行、经济职能提升制定合理的发展规划。
     本研究在明确认识城市群经济发展内涵的前提下,对影响城市群经济发展本质的动力因素进行提炼和总结,进而分析重点因素在经济运行中的影响和作用,采用宏观——中观——微观尺度相结合、定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,归纳总结南北钦防城市群经济职能定位、产业结构调整、经济空间布局的规律,对当前时代背景下南北钦防城市群经济发展的动力因素及实现经济发展内涵的作用机制展开深入的分析,进而预测其发展趋势。论文分为以下七个部分:
     第一章,导论。主要讨论论文的选题背景和研究价值,指出南北钦防城市群经济发展的重要性。在对相关研究归纳和整理的基础上,提出论文研究的思路、重点和方法。南北钦防城市群目前经济增速较快,但正遭遇经济发展质量不高的问题,研究其经济发展机制对丰富西部城市群经济发展理论和指导城市群经济发展具有十分重要的意义,由此提出论文研究的主题。南北钦防城市群经济发展的内涵,就是要实现经济职能提升、产业结构高级化和经济空间优化布局,即要以影响城市群经济发展的动力因素为基础,形成相应完善的城市群经济发展动力机制。
     第二章,城市群经济发展理论框架的构建。基于现阶段城市群经济发展影响因素的系统性特点,从理论上构建各种影响城市群经济发展因素的作用机制。经济全球化、区域整合、信息化、交通通达性、技术水平、绿色环保等是现阶段城市群经济发展的重要因素,城市群经济发展机制则是以六个动力因素的相互作用及其在实现经济职能定位提升、产业结构优化、经济布局合理等经济发展内涵中的关系。
     第三章,南北钦防城市群经济发展历程。本章从城市群经济职能定位、产业结构演替、经济布局变化等方面探讨南北钦防城市群经济发展的历程。通过分析认为,南北钦防城市群经济职能定位由地区中心城市群转变为重要的国际区域经济合作区;产业结构正由农业为主导,逐步向高级化发展;经济空间布局呈现出集聚化和分散化并存、新生集聚点不断呈现的特征。
     第四章,南北钦防城市群经济职能定位研究。基于城市群的经济职能集中表现在调节经济部门分工、市场监管和提供服务和产品等方面,本文以经济全球化因素和区域整合因素为主导,以外资视角下外商投资对城市群经济的影响分析其投资开放程度,以外贸视角下的贸易依存度分析城市群参与国际分工的类型。同时,以西部12省区经济发展态势及分工格局为参照系,选取经济发展的六个角度及24个指标建立城市群综合竞争力评价体系,进而结合中国—东盟自由贸易区和自身产业优势提升南北钦防城市群的定位。
     第五章,南北钦防城市群产业结构优化研究。本章以经济全球化、技术水平、绿色环保等因素为主导,以外资和外贸结构、信息技术的影响、技术创新的市场和产业需求、经费供给、产业和能源结构改善政策等方面对南北钦防城市群产业结构发展的影响和动力体系加以分析,完善南北钦防城市群的产业调整政策和机制。
     第六章,南北钦防城市群经济空间布局研究。本章以交通通达性、信息化和经济全球化因素为主导,从南北钦防城市群空间结构的形成与变迁和重要的空间单元入手,分析其经济空间结构现状。以区位交通通达性的空间节点、空间轴与专业化的产业集聚单元耦合,得出南北钦防城市群经济空间聚合程度的基本判断,以产业和空间两个层面来研究南北钦防城市群区域经济差距和影响,以产业的优化合理配置为目标,得出经济空间结构布局的发展趋势和价值取向。
     第七章.结论与讨论。通过对南北钦防城市群经济发展的研究发现,南北钦防城市群经济发展特点主要有:(1)相对于东部沿海城市群经济全球化作用较小。(2)区域整合的作用机制与国际化大都市相比存在差距。(3)内生性技术创新活动较为弱势。(4)政策是经济发展动力的媒介。(5)传统优势产业需要适当留存。从南北钦防城市群的经济发展轨迹来看,经历了经济职能定位不断提升,产业结构不断高级化和经济空间结构逐渐复杂化的过程。
     从南北钦防城市群的经济发展机制的作用关系来看,(1)南北钦防城市群更多的商机、更大的潜力,在于如何利用好“中国——东盟集散和交易中心”这一无形资源,成为中国与东盟实现双向投资和经贸合作的物流中心、人流中心、资金流中心和信息流中心。(2)南北钦防城市群产业结构的高级化发展要依托机械设备制造业支撑发展、生产性服务业协调发展、传统优势产业深度开发和高新技术产业的探索式发展。(3)未来南北钦防城市群经济空间布局变化的趋势主要有:一是经济空间结构集中化与分散化并行;二是经济核心区域的边缘化;三是城市群中心城区清洁化。
In the era of globalization, urban agglomeration as China's most dynamic and basic unit to participate in the international competition, its development has a profound impact on the international competitiveness of China. Through the functions of industrial agglomeration and the spread, urban agglomeration takes an active part in the global division of labor, competition with each other, cooperation and exchanges, and then affects the new pattern of the global economy in twenty-first Century. China's "eleven five" plan points out that, the urban agglomeration is the main form of promoting the urbanization progress, and it will be the most dynamic and potential growth pole in the future economic development of China.According to the latest of "2010China urban agglomeration development report" from Geographical science and Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China is forming23urban agglomerations, the rapid expansion and development of urban agglomeration has become the universal irresistible. In recent years, developing the economy of the urban agglomeration had attracted much attention in theoretical circle and practice departments. However, at present the basic dynamic factors which impact on economic development of urban agglomeration is not clear, there is a lack of sublimation and interpretation with the development mechanism.
     Combining with characteristic of current social and economic development, this thesis takes the urban agglomeration in West Coast of China as the object, with numerous predecessors'researches in urban agglomeration theory as the foundation, consults economics, geography and other related theories, analyzes the rule and trend of economic function orientation, industrial structure, and changes of economic distribution, so it has realistic and academic significance. Through the relevant research, the paper not only can make up the existing theory of urban agglomeration development, so as to enrich the contents of increasing urban agglomeration economy, but also promote new ideas and paths for China's substantive economic reform. At the same time, it can provide practical guidance of economic development for west regions, thus establish reasonable plan for constructing urban agglomeration, advancing economic function orientation, upgrading industrial structure, and optimizing economic distribution of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration.
     On the premise of a clean understanding of the connotation of economic development of urban agglomeration, this paper refines and summarizes the factors affecting the development of urban agglomeration, and analyzes the effects of key factors in economic operations, which makes use of qualitative analysis and macro and micro methods under guidance of theories such as geography, economics, sociology and further analyzing on the dynamic factors and mechanism of economic transformation of urban agglomeration. The paper includes following seven parts:
     The first part is introduction which discusses the background and the subject of the thesis, and points out the research ideas, framework and methods. Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration currently has rapid economic development, but the quality is not that good. Studying the economic mechanism has important significance to enrich theory of urban agglomeration and guild its development. The connotation of developing urban agglomeration's economy is to achieve advanced economic orientation, upgraded industrial structure and optimized economic distribution, namely to form dynamic mechanism for urban agglomeration's economic development based on influential factors.
     The second part is to construct theoretic framework of urban agglomeration economy. Base on the characteristics of influential factors of developing urban agglomeration's economy, his paper construct the specific mechanism. The result show that economic globalization, regional integration, information, transportation accessibility, technical level, and environmental protection needs are the main powers of urban agglomeration economic development. The mechanism is based on the interaction of six dynamic factors and their relationship with each other in advancing economic orientation, upgrading industrial structure and optimizing economic distribution to achieve connotation of economic development.
     The third part is the developing course of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration. This paper explores the history of economic orientation, industrial structure and economic distribution. Through analysis, Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration is changing from regional center into international economic cooperation area, its industrial structure is advancing gradually, and the economic distribution is showing a parallelism state with centralization and decentralization, and new centralized points are shaping.
     The fourth part is economic orientation research of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration. Economic functions of urban agglomeration concentrated in adjustment of economic division, market supervision and services and products providing.based on the dominant factors of economic globalization and regional integration, the thesis analysis the degree of openness to foreign investment with the effects of foreign investment on urban agglomeration, and the international division with the international trading dependence.At the same time, the thesis takes the national strategy of developing the western region as the background, the economic development situation of12provinces in Western China and the division of labor as the frame of reference, and then choose foundation of the national economy, transportation convenience, openness, industrial structure, technological level, sustainable development ability with24indicators to establish the evaluation system of the comprehensive competitiveness of urban agglomeration. After that, combines with the China and ASEAN Free Trade Area and its industrial advantage of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration to improve the economic orientation
     The fifth part is research about optimizing industrial structure for Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration. The development of industrial structure mainly refers to the focus of industrial structure gradually shifted from the first industry to the second and the tertiary industry, this is the direction of economic development, reflects the value between the various departments, employment and income level. Based on the dominant factors of economic globalization, technology, environmental protection, this thesis analysis effect and motivity of industrial structure development in Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration with aspects of foreign investment and trade structure, the impact of information technology, technology innovation and industry market demand, capital supply, policy of industry and the improvement of energy structure, and then constructs the industrial adjustment policy and dynamic mechanism of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration.
     The sixth part is research about economic distribution for Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration. This paper takes transportation accessibility, information and economic globalization as the dominant factor; analyze economic spatial structure of the status quo, with formation and change of spatial structure and important space units of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration. This paper use the space node, axis, and specialized industrial agglomeration unit to concludes space and economic polymerization degree; studies the regional economic disparity and effect of western coastal urban agglomeration in two aspects of industry and space, and then achieve the development trend and value orientation of economic space layout with the goal of optimizing allocation of industry.
     The seventh part generalizes the main conclusion. Through research of economic development of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration, the characteristics are:(1) compared with the eastern coastal urban agglomeration, its effect of economic globalization is weaker.(2) Its regional integration mechanism is weaker than international urban agglomeration.(3) The endogenous technology innovation activities is a shortage.(4) Policy is a media of impetus to the economic development.(5) The traditional and preponderant industry need to keep. The path of economic development in Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration experienced the progress of continuous improvement of economic function, advance of industrial structure and increased complication of economic space structure.
     In general, there are three trends of the economic development model of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration.(1) The opportunity is how to make good use of the intangible resources of "China-ASEAN distribution and trading center", and then become trading center, talent center, capital flow center, and information center for two-way investment and economic cooperation. Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration must carry on the strategic planning with international objectives and requirements.(2) The advance of industry structure in Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration rely on supported development of machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, coordinated development of producing services, deep development of traditional industries, and experimental development of high-tech industries.(3) The economic and space layout changes of Nan-Bei-Qin-Fang urban agglomeration in the future are: Firstly, the economic spatial structure of centralization and decentralization is parallel. Secondly, the economic core region marginally. Thirdly, the center of urban agglomeration is getting cleaner
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