短距离无线光通信若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
无线光通信是近年来兴起的光通信与无线通信交叉的前沿技术；既具有无线通信的灵活性,又在理论上保留了光载波的大带宽潜力；同时没有射频辐射,不需敷设光纤；可应用于日常通信而缓解日益紧张的频谱短缺问题,还可应用于特殊场合满足特种通信需求；因此具有重要的研究价值与广泛的应用前景。
无线光通信这种新兴技术仍处于起步与发展阶段,尚有一些关键问题有待解决。由于大气信道具有随机性,给光信号传输带来了不确定因素,所以需要结合多种通信技术才能保证无线光通信系统的可靠性、灵活性和实用性。深入研究大气光信道的特性,提升无线光通信系统的性能,兼顾无线光在通信、照明、定位等各方面的综合需求,这些一直都是无线光通信的难点或热点,对未来该技术的实际应用与发展具有重要意义。
论文以国家自然科学基金项目和国家863计划课题为依托,围绕非视距紫外光通信和室内可见光通信的关键问题与技术难题展开应用基础研究,主要创新工作如下：
第一,针对现有模型很少考虑天气状况对大气信道影响的问题,建立了含有天气参数的紫外信道模型,分析了不同天气对紫外光大气传输特性的影响,并通过实验在一定程度上验证了信道模型的准确性。
第二,目前紫外通信系统性能分析理论模型的研究还很少并存在不足,还没有基于统计模拟方法的系统性能模型,针对这一问题,建立了结合统计模拟方法、实测信道损耗和实测噪声数据的紫外通信系统性能分析模型,仿真分析了系统在不同的通信距离、收发仰角、背景噪声和调制方式下的误码特性,给出了非视距紫外通信系统的设计建议。
第三,为了提升系统性能,提出并实现了一种紫外通信系统的滑动均值滤波方案,实测结果表明,该方案可以有效提高接收信噪比进而使系统误码率降低约2个数量级。
第四,针对紫外光非视距通信中的信道干扰问题,提出并实现了紫外扩频通信方案,以及扩频码的相位同步方案。实测结果表明该方案具有很强的抗噪能力,在OOK系统误码率为2×10-2的情况下,采用扩频技术后可实现误码率小于2.5×100-7的紫外非视距通信。
第五,针对大型建筑物内精确定位困难的问题,提出了一种基于双音多频的可见光室内定位系统方案及算法,以便在不影响室内照明和通信的前提下提供精确定位功能,仿真结果表明该方案在接收信噪比为15dB时的平均定位误差小于6mm,精确度远高于绝大多数基于射频的室内定位系统。
The optical wireless communications (OWC) is a cutting-edge technology that combines both wireless communication and optical communication. As OWC provides most of the inherent advantages of optical fiber communications while leveraging the flexibility of the RF wireless, it is rapidly becoming a potential solution to the global wireless spectrum shortage. Therefore, this technology has important implications for this emerging field and broad application prospects.
Currently, OWC is still in its infancy stage with many technical constraints and challenges to be solved. The major drawback is that the substantial path losses and high shot noise from ambient light will bring uncertainty to the optical transmission, which requires the marriage of many techniques to ensure the reliability, flexibility and practicality of the OWC system.
The study if this dissertation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the National High-tech Research and Development Program (863Program), addressing key techniques regarding non-line of sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication and indoor visible light communication (VLC). Special attention has been paid to the following three areas:further study on optical channel characteristics, performance improvement of the OWC system and the combination of lighting, communication and positioning, which are also the focus of this dissertation.
The main innovative ideas are summarized as follows:
Firstly, since few studies have been reported on atmospheric weather-dependent effects on UV channel modeling, a UV channel model which incorporates the impact of various weather conditions is built and validated according to extensive measurements.
Secondly, few researches are conducted to investigate UV communication system using statistical simulation method. A performance study of short-range NLOS UV communication system based on a Monte Carlo system-level model is presented, in which the channel parameters, such as the path loss and the background noise, are experimentally measured using an outdoor UV communication test-bed. The system trade-offs among the distance, the link geometry, the noise level, the bit error rate (BER) and4modulation formats are simulated, and the results may provide guidelines to the system design.
Thirdly, a moving average filter based method for UV communication is proposed and realized so as to improve the system performance. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and correspondingly reduce BER by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Fourthly, to suppress the damage from the interference, an OWC scheme based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is proposed and realized. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a great capability to reduce interference. With the help of DSSS, the BER of the UV communication system can be reduced from2x10-2to less than2.5x10-7.
Lastly, addressing the problem of high resolution indoor positioning in large buildings, a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) based indoor positioning algorithm and a VLC based indoor positioning system are proposed, which can provide good positioning accuracy without interfering with the lighting and communicating function. Simulation results show that this method reduces positioning error to less than6mm (SNR=15dB), while in contrast, the state-of-the-art microwave indoor positioning can only reduce the error to tens of centimeters.
无线光通信这种新兴技术仍处于起步与发展阶段,尚有一些关键问题有待解决。由于大气信道具有随机性,给光信号传输带来了不确定因素,所以需要结合多种通信技术才能保证无线光通信系统的可靠性、灵活性和实用性。深入研究大气光信道的特性,提升无线光通信系统的性能,兼顾无线光在通信、照明、定位等各方面的综合需求,这些一直都是无线光通信的难点或热点,对未来该技术的实际应用与发展具有重要意义。
论文以国家自然科学基金项目和国家863计划课题为依托,围绕非视距紫外光通信和室内可见光通信的关键问题与技术难题展开应用基础研究,主要创新工作如下：
第一,针对现有模型很少考虑天气状况对大气信道影响的问题,建立了含有天气参数的紫外信道模型,分析了不同天气对紫外光大气传输特性的影响,并通过实验在一定程度上验证了信道模型的准确性。
第二,目前紫外通信系统性能分析理论模型的研究还很少并存在不足,还没有基于统计模拟方法的系统性能模型,针对这一问题,建立了结合统计模拟方法、实测信道损耗和实测噪声数据的紫外通信系统性能分析模型,仿真分析了系统在不同的通信距离、收发仰角、背景噪声和调制方式下的误码特性,给出了非视距紫外通信系统的设计建议。
第三,为了提升系统性能,提出并实现了一种紫外通信系统的滑动均值滤波方案,实测结果表明,该方案可以有效提高接收信噪比进而使系统误码率降低约2个数量级。
第四,针对紫外光非视距通信中的信道干扰问题,提出并实现了紫外扩频通信方案,以及扩频码的相位同步方案。实测结果表明该方案具有很强的抗噪能力,在OOK系统误码率为2×10-2的情况下,采用扩频技术后可实现误码率小于2.5×100-7的紫外非视距通信。
第五,针对大型建筑物内精确定位困难的问题,提出了一种基于双音多频的可见光室内定位系统方案及算法,以便在不影响室内照明和通信的前提下提供精确定位功能,仿真结果表明该方案在接收信噪比为15dB时的平均定位误差小于6mm,精确度远高于绝大多数基于射频的室内定位系统。
The optical wireless communications (OWC) is a cutting-edge technology that combines both wireless communication and optical communication. As OWC provides most of the inherent advantages of optical fiber communications while leveraging the flexibility of the RF wireless, it is rapidly becoming a potential solution to the global wireless spectrum shortage. Therefore, this technology has important implications for this emerging field and broad application prospects.
Currently, OWC is still in its infancy stage with many technical constraints and challenges to be solved. The major drawback is that the substantial path losses and high shot noise from ambient light will bring uncertainty to the optical transmission, which requires the marriage of many techniques to ensure the reliability, flexibility and practicality of the OWC system.
The study if this dissertation is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the National High-tech Research and Development Program (863Program), addressing key techniques regarding non-line of sight (NLOS) ultraviolet (UV) communication and indoor visible light communication (VLC). Special attention has been paid to the following three areas:further study on optical channel characteristics, performance improvement of the OWC system and the combination of lighting, communication and positioning, which are also the focus of this dissertation.
The main innovative ideas are summarized as follows:
Firstly, since few studies have been reported on atmospheric weather-dependent effects on UV channel modeling, a UV channel model which incorporates the impact of various weather conditions is built and validated according to extensive measurements.
Secondly, few researches are conducted to investigate UV communication system using statistical simulation method. A performance study of short-range NLOS UV communication system based on a Monte Carlo system-level model is presented, in which the channel parameters, such as the path loss and the background noise, are experimentally measured using an outdoor UV communication test-bed. The system trade-offs among the distance, the link geometry, the noise level, the bit error rate (BER) and4modulation formats are simulated, and the results may provide guidelines to the system design.
Thirdly, a moving average filter based method for UV communication is proposed and realized so as to improve the system performance. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to improve the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and correspondingly reduce BER by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Fourthly, to suppress the damage from the interference, an OWC scheme based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is proposed and realized. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a great capability to reduce interference. With the help of DSSS, the BER of the UV communication system can be reduced from2x10-2to less than2.5x10-7.
Lastly, addressing the problem of high resolution indoor positioning in large buildings, a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) based indoor positioning algorithm and a VLC based indoor positioning system are proposed, which can provide good positioning accuracy without interfering with the lighting and communicating function. Simulation results show that this method reduces positioning error to less than6mm (SNR=15dB), while in contrast, the state-of-the-art microwave indoor positioning can only reduce the error to tens of centimeters.
引文
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