特种通信应用环境的天线技术及小型化滤波器研究
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摘要
特种通信,它与商业通信迥然不同,具有极其突出的特点：(1)源发射功率高,功耗过大,是商业通信的功率/功耗的数十或百倍；(2)信号衰减过快,且常常出现较长时间的通信中断；(3)通信目标一方或双方以超音速运行；(4)通信距离遥远,长达几千甚至几万公里；(5)信号处理、提取技术极其复杂。那么,具备特种通信特点之一的传播环境,称之为特种通信应用环境。作为特种通信的关键技术如特种通信应用环境的信号源的选择、特种通信应用环境的信息传输质量改善、小型化滤波器的设计与优化等都是特种通信技术必不可少的研究内容。本文主要针对特种通信应用环境的天线技术及小型化滤波器的关键件技术作了较为深入的研究。论文以电磁场与电磁波的基本理论与有限元法为基础,研究分析了特种通信应用环境的天线的近场传播及其超高斯波束的可调增益,特种通信应用环境中微带天线的传输性能及小型化滤波器的结构设计与优化。
首先,提出了超高斯分布作为特种通信应用环境的天线的信号源波束分布。结合菲涅尔——惠更斯原理,研究分析了不同阶数的超高斯波源分布在聚焦与非聚焦条件下的近场幅射与近场增益特性,并得到了其近场增益的闭式解。研究分析了圆口径天线半径与超高斯波源半径的比例关系对口径天线效率、近场增益、幅射特性等造成的影响。仿真分析结果表明,在特种通信应用环境中,超高斯波束的抗衰减能力远优于高斯分布的波源,通过切换不同波束,能实现天线的增益可调。
其次,提出了各向异性介质片与等离子云环境作为特种通信应用环境的微带贴片天线的谐振点动态可调的原理与方法。采用位移算子有限差分方法(SO-FDTD),分析了特种通信应用环境中各参量对微带天线的阻抗、谐振频率及回波损耗等参量的重要影响,并具体分析了特种通信应用环境变化对天线增益所造成的影响,仿真结果表明：各向异性介质片的介电常数的变化与等离子云频率对天线的谐振点产生的作用互补。根据等离云频率,如果选择各向异性介质的合适的介电常数,能够实现在特种通信应用环境的天线的谐振点动态可调。
最后,提出了应用互补圆形切口环(CSRR)微扰结构在圆形或方形贴片的双模带通滤波器的设计方法,并给出了具体设计参量,适当调整CSRR结构的位置,它能起到一个模式分离器的作用,将简并模的两种谐振模场分离开来。而且,该结构有助于改善通带性能,提高频选特性,微调滤波器的中心频率。另一方面,馈线两带的刻痕宽度与长度的选择有助于调较大幅度地整滤波器的中心频率,这一特点在特种通信应用环境中有着广泛的应用。此外,该类滤波器具有体积小,结构紧凑、易与其它元器件集成等优点。
Special communication, widely different from business communication, highlight following characteristics:(1) higher transmitting power or larger power consumption, is tens or hundreds of that of business communication;(2) faster signal fading, and often last a longer time communication breakdown;(3) one or two of parties moving at a supersonic speed;(4) long distance com-munication, up to several thousand even tens of thousands of kilometres;(5) complicated technology of signal processing and extraction. Then, propagating environment equipped with one of communication characteristics above is so-called special communicaiton application environment. It's necessary to think over the critical tech of special communication such as selecting signal source of special communication application environments, improving special propa-gation environment to communication signals as much as possible and how to design and optimize miniaturization filters in special communication system. This article make a more thorough research mainly aiming at the antenna tech-nology of special communication application environments and critical tech of small-size filters. On the basis of EM theory and finite element method, the near field gain of special communication antenna and tunable gain of super-Gaussian beam, propagating properties of EM wave from microstrip antenna through special communication application environments, and the design and optimization of small-size filters are analyzed.
Above all, the super-Gaussian distribution as a signal source of circular aperture antenna in special communication application environments is pro-posed. Combining with Huygens-Fresnel principle, the properties of radiation and gain in near field for different orders super-Gaussian beam distribution are discussed, and a closed-form solution is obtained, under the conditions of focusing and unfocusing. Moreover, the effects of different proportion of an- tenna radius and super-Gaussian beams on aperture efficiency, near field gains and radiation properties are analyzed, under the focusing cases. Simulation re-sults show the abilities of anti-fading from super-Gaussian beams are superior to those of Gaussian beams, so if switching to different order beams, the gains of antenna can be tune.
Secondly, the principle and method on how to tune the resonant frequen-cy of microstrip antenna is proposed in special communication application environment——an anisotropic dielectric slab and a layer plasma. Depend-ing on SO-FDTD method, the impedance, the resonating frequency and the return loss of EM wave in special communication application environments are discussed, simulation results show the effect of dielectric constant of an anisotropic slab on antenna resonant frequency is counter to that of plasma fre-quency. So if selecting proper dielectric constant of an anisotropic slab resting on plasma frequency, the gains of antennas can be tuned in special communi-cation application environments.
Lastly, the complement split ring resonator (CSRR) applying in dual mode filters on the circular or square patch are proposed, specific parameters are giv-en. Adjusting proper placement of CSRR structure, it can act as a splitter of modes, and sperate from two different resonant frequent modes. So, CSRR will help to improve bandpass performance, enhance abilities of frequency se-lecting and fine-tuning central frequency. On the other hand, selecting proper width and length lying in two sides of the feeding lines will substantially adjust central frequency of filters, it has a broad application in special communica-tion application environments. In addition, this kind of filter has a small size, compact and can be easily integrated with other elements.
首先,提出了超高斯分布作为特种通信应用环境的天线的信号源波束分布。结合菲涅尔——惠更斯原理,研究分析了不同阶数的超高斯波源分布在聚焦与非聚焦条件下的近场幅射与近场增益特性,并得到了其近场增益的闭式解。研究分析了圆口径天线半径与超高斯波源半径的比例关系对口径天线效率、近场增益、幅射特性等造成的影响。仿真分析结果表明,在特种通信应用环境中,超高斯波束的抗衰减能力远优于高斯分布的波源,通过切换不同波束,能实现天线的增益可调。
其次,提出了各向异性介质片与等离子云环境作为特种通信应用环境的微带贴片天线的谐振点动态可调的原理与方法。采用位移算子有限差分方法(SO-FDTD),分析了特种通信应用环境中各参量对微带天线的阻抗、谐振频率及回波损耗等参量的重要影响,并具体分析了特种通信应用环境变化对天线增益所造成的影响,仿真结果表明：各向异性介质片的介电常数的变化与等离子云频率对天线的谐振点产生的作用互补。根据等离云频率,如果选择各向异性介质的合适的介电常数,能够实现在特种通信应用环境的天线的谐振点动态可调。
最后,提出了应用互补圆形切口环(CSRR)微扰结构在圆形或方形贴片的双模带通滤波器的设计方法,并给出了具体设计参量,适当调整CSRR结构的位置,它能起到一个模式分离器的作用,将简并模的两种谐振模场分离开来。而且,该结构有助于改善通带性能,提高频选特性,微调滤波器的中心频率。另一方面,馈线两带的刻痕宽度与长度的选择有助于调较大幅度地整滤波器的中心频率,这一特点在特种通信应用环境中有着广泛的应用。此外,该类滤波器具有体积小,结构紧凑、易与其它元器件集成等优点。
Special communication, widely different from business communication, highlight following characteristics:(1) higher transmitting power or larger power consumption, is tens or hundreds of that of business communication;(2) faster signal fading, and often last a longer time communication breakdown;(3) one or two of parties moving at a supersonic speed;(4) long distance com-munication, up to several thousand even tens of thousands of kilometres;(5) complicated technology of signal processing and extraction. Then, propagating environment equipped with one of communication characteristics above is so-called special communicaiton application environment. It's necessary to think over the critical tech of special communication such as selecting signal source of special communication application environments, improving special propa-gation environment to communication signals as much as possible and how to design and optimize miniaturization filters in special communication system. This article make a more thorough research mainly aiming at the antenna tech-nology of special communication application environments and critical tech of small-size filters. On the basis of EM theory and finite element method, the near field gain of special communication antenna and tunable gain of super-Gaussian beam, propagating properties of EM wave from microstrip antenna through special communication application environments, and the design and optimization of small-size filters are analyzed.
Above all, the super-Gaussian distribution as a signal source of circular aperture antenna in special communication application environments is pro-posed. Combining with Huygens-Fresnel principle, the properties of radiation and gain in near field for different orders super-Gaussian beam distribution are discussed, and a closed-form solution is obtained, under the conditions of focusing and unfocusing. Moreover, the effects of different proportion of an- tenna radius and super-Gaussian beams on aperture efficiency, near field gains and radiation properties are analyzed, under the focusing cases. Simulation re-sults show the abilities of anti-fading from super-Gaussian beams are superior to those of Gaussian beams, so if switching to different order beams, the gains of antenna can be tune.
Secondly, the principle and method on how to tune the resonant frequen-cy of microstrip antenna is proposed in special communication application environment——an anisotropic dielectric slab and a layer plasma. Depend-ing on SO-FDTD method, the impedance, the resonating frequency and the return loss of EM wave in special communication application environments are discussed, simulation results show the effect of dielectric constant of an anisotropic slab on antenna resonant frequency is counter to that of plasma fre-quency. So if selecting proper dielectric constant of an anisotropic slab resting on plasma frequency, the gains of antennas can be tuned in special communi-cation application environments.
Lastly, the complement split ring resonator (CSRR) applying in dual mode filters on the circular or square patch are proposed, specific parameters are giv-en. Adjusting proper placement of CSRR structure, it can act as a splitter of modes, and sperate from two different resonant frequent modes. So, CSRR will help to improve bandpass performance, enhance abilities of frequency se-lecting and fine-tuning central frequency. On the other hand, selecting proper width and length lying in two sides of the feeding lines will substantially adjust central frequency of filters, it has a broad application in special communica-tion application environments. In addition, this kind of filter has a small size, compact and can be easily integrated with other elements.
引文
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