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基于极化信号处理的射频功放能效优化研究
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摘要
无线通信领域日益增长的能源消耗严重压缩了产业利润,给环境保护和资源有效利用带来了沉重的压力,已经成为限制无线通信产业发展的主要问题。而射频功放是无线通信中耗能最大的器件,但受自身非线性限制所能实现的转换效率却非常低,浪费了大量的能量,加剧了无线通信产业的能源危机。针对射频功放高能耗、低效率的问题,论文论证了无线通信中极化状态不受功放非线性失真影响的特性,并开创性地提出利用无线发射信号的极化状态承载和传输信息,使功放能够工作在具有高转换效率的非线性区,从根本上突破了非线性对功放效率的限制,使功放能效性能得到极大的提升,为解决功放非线性失真、开展高能效通信研究开辟了新的思路。
     论文选题来源于国家自然科学基金“基于认知与极化信号处理的功放能效研究”(项目编号:61271177)。论文围绕如何利用极化状态承载信息实现功放节能而展开。首先研究可与传统无线收发机兼容的新型极化状态调制及解调方法,并在无线去极化信道环境下分析极化相关衰减效应对极化状态调制造成的损害,在此基础上设计最优预补偿算法以降低极化相关衰减效应造成的损害;然后,利用极化状态变化对传统调制无失真的特性,提出将极化状态调制与传统幅度相位调制联合起来以更进一步优化功放能效,研究新型的极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制与解调方法,并建立相应的功放能效优化模型,寻求使功放能效值达到最优的极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制参数及功放工作点值;最后,研究多载波极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制场景下的功放能效优化问题,建立了基于极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制的下行通信链路功放能效优化模型,并提出了对抗无线去极化信道极化模式色散效应的低复杂度载波-功率分配算法,使下行通信链路功放能效在信道极化模式色散效应持续加重的情况下依然达到近似最优的性能。主要研究工作及成果如下:
     (1)对射频功放非线性失真和极化信号处理相关理论和技术进行了分析和综述,在此基础上发现并论证了极化状态不受功放非线性失真影响的特性,奠定了全文利用极化状态承载信息优化射频功放能效的理论基础。
     (2)利用极化状态调制优化射频功放能效。首先在配置正交双极化天线的传统收发机上设计新型的极化状态调制与解调方法,并在加性高斯白噪信道下分析了其误符号率及功放能效性能;然后在无线去极化信道下分析了极化相关衰减效应对极化状态调制造成的功率衰减和星座失真,并发现信道预补偿方法无法同时兼顾极化状态调制功率衰减和星座失真的特性,在此基础上设计最优预补偿算法以使极化相关衰减效应造成的损害降至最小;最后在无线去极化信道下分析了极化状态调制的功放能效性能。
     (3)利用极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制优化射频功放能效性能。首先在极化状态调制的基础上设计了极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制及解调方法;其次建立了基于极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制的功放能效优化模型,并在此基础上求解使功放能效模型达到最优值的极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制参数及功放工作点值;最后在无线去极化信道下分析了极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制的误符号率及功放能效性能。
     (4)针对多载波极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制场景下的功放能效优化问题,建立了基于极化状态-幅度-相位联合调制的下行通信链路功放能效优化模型,并引入群智能优化算法与贪婪算法设计低复杂度的载波-功率分配算法使下行通信链路功放能效达到最优。最后,在极化模式色散效应变化的无线去极化信道下分析了所提载波-功率分配算法所达到的射频功放能效。
The increasing energy consumption in wireless communication severely pushes down the industry profit and results in significant pressure to the environmental protection. The power amplifier is a main factor to this problem. It consumes high energy consumption, but has very low energy efficiency because of the strict requirement of operating at linear region. To improve the PA energy efficiency, a significant feature that the Polarization State (PS) in wireless communication are not impacted by PA nonlinear distortion has been explored. By introducing PS as the information-bearing parameter, the PA can be allowed to operate at nonlinear region to acquire high energy efficiency.
     The research work is sponsored by "Chinese National Nature Science Foundation:Research on power amplifier energy efficiency based on cognitive and polarization signal processing (61271177)".
     The dissertation is focused on the PA energy efficiency improvement through polarization modulation (PM). Firstly, the methods and technologies of bearing information by PS on the traditional transceiver are investigated; the impact to the PM caused by the polarization dependent loss effect of the wireless depolarized channel is analyzed, and the compensation algorithm is developed. Secondly, to further improve the PA energy efficiency, the polarization-amplitude-phase modulation (PAPM) which combines polarization and existing amplitude/phase modulation is proposed. For the PA energy efficiency realized by PAPM is dependent on the output back value and the concrete modulation parameters, a constrained optimization problem is formulated. Through the simulation, the optimum solutions to the problem are presented. Thirdly, in the multi-carrier PAPM scene, the research on the energy efficiency improvement of the downlink PA is carried. Considering the impairment to PAPM caused by the PMD effect, the PA energy efficiency optimization model of the base station is established and a low complexity carrier-power allocation algorithm is proposed to the make improve the PA energy efficiency.
     The main research work and achievements of this thesis are as follows:
     (1) The related theory and techniques of the PA nonlinear effect research and the polarization signal processing are analyzed; then, the nonlinear distortion immunity property of PS is demonstrated.
     (2) The PM is proposed to improve the PA energy efficiency. Firstly, the PM and the corresponding demodulation scheme are designed on the traditional transceiver, also the symbol error rate and the PA energy efficiency of PM under AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel are analyzed; then, the polarization dependent loss impairment of the wireless depolarized channel to PM is analyzed, and the corresponding optimal pre-compensation algorithm is presented to mitigate such impairment; finally, the symbol error rate and PA energy efficiency of PM under the depolarized channel are analyzed.
     (3) The PAPM is proposed to improve the PA energy efficiency. Firstly, the PAPM and the corresponding demodulation scheme are designed; then, the PA energy efficiency optimization model based on PAPM is established and the optimal PAPM is presented to make the PA energy efficiency optimal; finally, the symbol error rate and PA energy efficiency of the optimal PAPM under the depolarized channel are analyzed.
     (4) To improve the downlink PA energy efficiency in the multi-carrier PAPM scene, the PA energy efficiency optimization model is established; then, the carrier-power allocation algorithm based on the population-based evolutionary optimization and the greedy optimization algorithm is presented to make the downlink PA energy efficiency optimal; finally, the PA energy efficiency acquired by the proposed carrier-power allocation algorithm under the channel with the polarization mode dispersion effect are analyzed.
引文
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