东江流域底栖硅藻多样性及集合群落的研究
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摘要
集合群落指一系列的单个群落通过物种的扩散作用而相互连接在一起的多个群落的集合。传统意义上的集合群落，其单个群落的生境之间并不直接相连，仅通过物种的扩散作用相连。而对于河流网状水系生态系统，其具有特殊的连通性和等级性，各生境之间可以通过水流直接相连，且水流具有单一方向性，这些都有别于传统意义上的集合群落。本论文以南亚热带大型河流东江为研究对象，在调查底栖硅藻多样性的基础上，运用空间变量模型和变异分解的方法，研究河流网状水系生态系统的集合群落结构。主要结论为：
1、三次采样，在东江流域内共收集底栖硅藻77属409种，单个采样点真香农多样性指数最高值为40.74；
2、模拟水路扩散的MEM空间模型比模拟陆地扩散的PCNM模型更能解释硅藻群落的变异；模拟方向性扩散的AEM模型进一步更好的解释了群落变异，表明硅藻在河流生态系统中主要通过水流进行方向性扩散。
3、底栖硅藻的集合群落结构由空间和环境因素共同决定，且空间因素的作用大于环境因素。在环境因素中，与营养水平相关的变量解释能力最强。
4、拦河坝显著影响河流的生境及底栖硅藻的集合群落结构。
5、底栖硅藻不同功能群之间的集合群落结构存在差异，附着能力较弱的硅藻表现出较强的水流方向性扩散。
A metacommunity is usually defined as set of well-delineated local communities that areconnected by the dispersal of interacting species. Traditionally, the local habitats in ametacommunity are not directly connected except through the dispersal of organisms. However,dendritic river networks combine characteristics that challenge the traditional conceptual viewsand empirical approaches applied to metacommunities. Due to their dendritic branchinggeometry and stream flow directionality they are strongly hierarchical and asymmetrical. Herewe analyze the metacommunity structure of benthic diatoms in a large scale river system, DongRiver, by applying different spatial eigenfunction models and variation partitioning, to evaluatethe metacommunity structure of dendritic river networks. Main findings:
1. In total409diatom taxa were identified during three different seasons, and the highest TrueShannon Diversity Index of a single site was40.74.
2. The model that represents hydrological connections between each sites (MEM) betterexplained the diatom community variation than the model that represents overland connectionsbetween each sites (PCNM). The model that reprensents water directionality (AEM) furtherbetter explained the community variation than MEM models, which suggest that the spatialdynamics of benthic diatom metacommunities are mainly confined to the river network andinfluenced by the prevailing water flow.
3. Diatom metacommunities in the Dong River watershed are typically shaped by both spaceand environment. Spatial variables further are better in explaining community structure thanlocal environment factors. In the environmental models, variables related to nutrient levels arebetter in explaining community composition.
4. Man-made dams have significant effects on the spatial structure of important limnologicalvariables and diatom metacommunity.
5. Functional traits have significant effects on the diatom metacommunity structure.Metacommunities of weakly attached diatoms showed a stronger signature of flow directionalitythan strongly attached diatoms that are expected to be more tolerant to flow-related shear stressand disturbances.
1、三次采样，在东江流域内共收集底栖硅藻77属409种，单个采样点真香农多样性指数最高值为40.74；
2、模拟水路扩散的MEM空间模型比模拟陆地扩散的PCNM模型更能解释硅藻群落的变异；模拟方向性扩散的AEM模型进一步更好的解释了群落变异，表明硅藻在河流生态系统中主要通过水流进行方向性扩散。
3、底栖硅藻的集合群落结构由空间和环境因素共同决定，且空间因素的作用大于环境因素。在环境因素中，与营养水平相关的变量解释能力最强。
4、拦河坝显著影响河流的生境及底栖硅藻的集合群落结构。
5、底栖硅藻不同功能群之间的集合群落结构存在差异，附着能力较弱的硅藻表现出较强的水流方向性扩散。
A metacommunity is usually defined as set of well-delineated local communities that areconnected by the dispersal of interacting species. Traditionally, the local habitats in ametacommunity are not directly connected except through the dispersal of organisms. However,dendritic river networks combine characteristics that challenge the traditional conceptual viewsand empirical approaches applied to metacommunities. Due to their dendritic branchinggeometry and stream flow directionality they are strongly hierarchical and asymmetrical. Herewe analyze the metacommunity structure of benthic diatoms in a large scale river system, DongRiver, by applying different spatial eigenfunction models and variation partitioning, to evaluatethe metacommunity structure of dendritic river networks. Main findings:
1. In total409diatom taxa were identified during three different seasons, and the highest TrueShannon Diversity Index of a single site was40.74.
2. The model that represents hydrological connections between each sites (MEM) betterexplained the diatom community variation than the model that represents overland connectionsbetween each sites (PCNM). The model that reprensents water directionality (AEM) furtherbetter explained the community variation than MEM models, which suggest that the spatialdynamics of benthic diatom metacommunities are mainly confined to the river network andinfluenced by the prevailing water flow.
3. Diatom metacommunities in the Dong River watershed are typically shaped by both spaceand environment. Spatial variables further are better in explaining community structure thanlocal environment factors. In the environmental models, variables related to nutrient levels arebetter in explaining community composition.
4. Man-made dams have significant effects on the spatial structure of important limnologicalvariables and diatom metacommunity.
5. Functional traits have significant effects on the diatom metacommunity structure.Metacommunities of weakly attached diatoms showed a stronger signature of flow directionalitythan strongly attached diatoms that are expected to be more tolerant to flow-related shear stressand disturbances.
引文
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