连续性生产企业多产品柔性制造模式研究
|
摘要
受限于工艺技术特性，连续性生产企业习惯于依赖同质化产品生产与规模扩张来应对竞争，这一刚性生产模式受到了多样化买方环境的挑战，为此，连续性生产企业迫切需要转变生产模式、增加柔性以适应环境的变化。
现有文献的研究主要集中于离散性企业的制造柔性方面，基于现实需要，本文选择了连续性生产企业柔性制造模式作为研究对象，通过理论研究，结合实物期权、博弈分析与案例考察等研究方法，从方法论、价值分析、治理机制、演化过程等视角进行了系统的探讨与论述。
本文研究了连续性生产企业构建柔性模式的基本框架，在此基础上，对内部任务柔性、外部关联柔性以及柔性制造模式的演进展开了深入的分析，最后，对嘉华公司的案例进行考察，为理论研究提供回应。
本研究形成以下主要结论：
首先，由于工艺流程不可分割，理论界所讨论的大规模柔性制造模式的关键技术如并行工程、成组技术均难以支持连续性生产企业柔性制造模式的构建。连续性生产企业主要依靠企业内部资源整合与外部关联活动来构建柔性制造模式，为此，本文提出了一个构建柔性制造模式的矩阵框架，并将连续性生产企业构建柔性制造模式的各种方法纳入到统一的框架中。
其次，实物期权的研究证明，内部任务柔性较非柔性生产线更有投资价值。研究发现，连续性生产企业实现内部任务柔性的途径主要建立在组分柔性、控制柔性及混合柔性三种柔性技术的基础上；其低成本生产的关键在于产品转换过程中产生的“交替体”。本文认为，集中化是连续性生产企业实现内部柔性的主要治理机制。
第三，外部关联包含了水平关联、垂直关联、网络关联三种形式。外部关联是一种关系契约，具有由连续性生产企业主导的多边交易及非一体化特征。信任的传递有助于提高柔性契约关系的整体效率；但是，在外包等水平关联情形下，信任传递可能成为外部关联组织反向要挟连续性生产企业的因素，使信任关系产生悖论。知识的转移有助于提高关联柔性制造水平，但作为一项关系性的投资，也会带来机会主义的风险。代工合约的博弈分析证明，存在知识与信任两类信息泄漏情况下，连续性生产企业容易遭受机会主义的风险。
第四，连续性生产企业大规模柔性制造模式的演化有赖于多样化的买方价值、企业家、外部权力、企业能力的驱动，通过四个维度构建的资产组合模型，可以对这一动态非平衡发展过程进行解释。
Limited by the features of production technology, continuous production enterprisesare used to dealing with competition by the production of homogeneity products and theexpansion of the scale, and this rigid production mode is challenged by the diversifiedbuyer’s market environment, hence continuous production enterprises urgently need totransform the production mode and increase the flexibility to adapt to the changes of theenvironment.
The existing literature focuses on the study of manufacturing flexibility of discreteenterprises. Based on the realistic needs, the thesis chooses flexible manufacturingmode of continuous production enterprises as the object of study, through theoreticalresearch, combined with research methods, such as physical option, game analysis, casestudy, etc, explores and discusses it systematically from multiple perspectives of thetheory, value analysis, governance mechanism and evolution.
The thesis studies the basic framework of continuous production enterprisesstructuring flexible manufacturing mode, and based on this study, it further analyses theevolution of internal task flexibility, external association flexibility and flexiblemanufacturing mode. In the end, it inspects the case of Jia Hua Company and providesresponse for the theoretical study.
The study forms the following conclusions:
Firstly, as the technological process can not be separated, the key technology oflarge scale flexible manufacturing mode discussed by the theory, such as concurrentengineering and group technology, which is difficult to support the structure of flexiblemanufacturing mode of continuous production enterprises. Continuous productionenterprises mainly depends on the integration of enterprises’ internal resources andexternal association activities to structure flexible manufacturing mode, for the purpose,the thesis puts forward a matrix framework of structuring flexible manufacturing mode,and takes all kinds of methods of continuous production enterprises structuring flexiblemanufacturing mode into the unified matrix framework.
Secondly, the study of physical option proves that the internal task flexibility has more valuable investment than non-flexible production line. The study finds out that themain way in which continuous production enterprises realize the internal task flexibilityis based on three kinds of flexible technology: component flexibility,control flexibilityand mixed flexibility. The key of its low cost production lies in “alternate body”produced in the process of product conversion. The thesis views centralization is themain governerance mechanism of continuous production enterprises realizing internateflexibility.
Thirdly, the external association contains three forms: horizontal association,vertical association and network connection. The external association is a kind ofrelational contract, which has the multilateral trading and non-integration featuresdominanted by continuous production enterprises. Trust transmission helps improve theoverall efficiency of the flexible contract relationship. But in horizontal associationsituation, outsourcing, for example, trust transmission can become the factor thatexternal association organizations reversely coerce continuous production enterprises,which makes trust produce the paradox. Knowledge transference is helpful to improvethe association flexible manufacturing level. But as a relational investment, it can bringthe risk of opportunism. Game analysis on OEM contract proves that in the situation oftwo types of information leakage about knowledge and trust, Continuous productionenterprises will easily suffer Opportunistic risk.
Fourthly, the evolution of the large scale flexible manufacturing mode ofcontinuous production enterprises relies on the drive of the diversified buyer’s value,entrepreneur, external power and enterprise capacity, and the protfolio mode structuredby the four dimensions can explain this dynamic non-equilibrium development process.
现有文献的研究主要集中于离散性企业的制造柔性方面，基于现实需要，本文选择了连续性生产企业柔性制造模式作为研究对象，通过理论研究，结合实物期权、博弈分析与案例考察等研究方法，从方法论、价值分析、治理机制、演化过程等视角进行了系统的探讨与论述。
本文研究了连续性生产企业构建柔性模式的基本框架，在此基础上，对内部任务柔性、外部关联柔性以及柔性制造模式的演进展开了深入的分析，最后，对嘉华公司的案例进行考察，为理论研究提供回应。
本研究形成以下主要结论：
首先，由于工艺流程不可分割，理论界所讨论的大规模柔性制造模式的关键技术如并行工程、成组技术均难以支持连续性生产企业柔性制造模式的构建。连续性生产企业主要依靠企业内部资源整合与外部关联活动来构建柔性制造模式，为此，本文提出了一个构建柔性制造模式的矩阵框架，并将连续性生产企业构建柔性制造模式的各种方法纳入到统一的框架中。
其次，实物期权的研究证明，内部任务柔性较非柔性生产线更有投资价值。研究发现，连续性生产企业实现内部任务柔性的途径主要建立在组分柔性、控制柔性及混合柔性三种柔性技术的基础上；其低成本生产的关键在于产品转换过程中产生的“交替体”。本文认为，集中化是连续性生产企业实现内部柔性的主要治理机制。
第三，外部关联包含了水平关联、垂直关联、网络关联三种形式。外部关联是一种关系契约，具有由连续性生产企业主导的多边交易及非一体化特征。信任的传递有助于提高柔性契约关系的整体效率；但是，在外包等水平关联情形下，信任传递可能成为外部关联组织反向要挟连续性生产企业的因素，使信任关系产生悖论。知识的转移有助于提高关联柔性制造水平，但作为一项关系性的投资，也会带来机会主义的风险。代工合约的博弈分析证明，存在知识与信任两类信息泄漏情况下，连续性生产企业容易遭受机会主义的风险。
第四，连续性生产企业大规模柔性制造模式的演化有赖于多样化的买方价值、企业家、外部权力、企业能力的驱动，通过四个维度构建的资产组合模型，可以对这一动态非平衡发展过程进行解释。
Limited by the features of production technology, continuous production enterprisesare used to dealing with competition by the production of homogeneity products and theexpansion of the scale, and this rigid production mode is challenged by the diversifiedbuyer’s market environment, hence continuous production enterprises urgently need totransform the production mode and increase the flexibility to adapt to the changes of theenvironment.
The existing literature focuses on the study of manufacturing flexibility of discreteenterprises. Based on the realistic needs, the thesis chooses flexible manufacturingmode of continuous production enterprises as the object of study, through theoreticalresearch, combined with research methods, such as physical option, game analysis, casestudy, etc, explores and discusses it systematically from multiple perspectives of thetheory, value analysis, governance mechanism and evolution.
The thesis studies the basic framework of continuous production enterprisesstructuring flexible manufacturing mode, and based on this study, it further analyses theevolution of internal task flexibility, external association flexibility and flexiblemanufacturing mode. In the end, it inspects the case of Jia Hua Company and providesresponse for the theoretical study.
The study forms the following conclusions:
Firstly, as the technological process can not be separated, the key technology oflarge scale flexible manufacturing mode discussed by the theory, such as concurrentengineering and group technology, which is difficult to support the structure of flexiblemanufacturing mode of continuous production enterprises. Continuous productionenterprises mainly depends on the integration of enterprises’ internal resources andexternal association activities to structure flexible manufacturing mode, for the purpose,the thesis puts forward a matrix framework of structuring flexible manufacturing mode,and takes all kinds of methods of continuous production enterprises structuring flexiblemanufacturing mode into the unified matrix framework.
Secondly, the study of physical option proves that the internal task flexibility has more valuable investment than non-flexible production line. The study finds out that themain way in which continuous production enterprises realize the internal task flexibilityis based on three kinds of flexible technology: component flexibility,control flexibilityand mixed flexibility. The key of its low cost production lies in “alternate body”produced in the process of product conversion. The thesis views centralization is themain governerance mechanism of continuous production enterprises realizing internateflexibility.
Thirdly, the external association contains three forms: horizontal association,vertical association and network connection. The external association is a kind ofrelational contract, which has the multilateral trading and non-integration featuresdominanted by continuous production enterprises. Trust transmission helps improve theoverall efficiency of the flexible contract relationship. But in horizontal associationsituation, outsourcing, for example, trust transmission can become the factor thatexternal association organizations reversely coerce continuous production enterprises,which makes trust produce the paradox. Knowledge transference is helpful to improvethe association flexible manufacturing level. But as a relational investment, it can bringthe risk of opportunism. Game analysis on OEM contract proves that in the situation oftwo types of information leakage about knowledge and trust, Continuous productionenterprises will easily suffer Opportunistic risk.
Fourthly, the evolution of the large scale flexible manufacturing mode ofcontinuous production enterprises relies on the drive of the diversified buyer’s value,entrepreneur, external power and enterprise capacity, and the protfolio mode structuredby the four dimensions can explain this dynamic non-equilibrium development process.
引文
[1] Carliss.Y.Baldwin,Kim.B.Clark.Design rules:the power of modularity[M]. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,2000
[2]程灏，杨堉鑫．生产运作管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社，2009
[3]理查德·B·蔡斯，尼古拉·J·阿奎拉诺，F·罗伯特·雅格布斯著．运营管理[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2004
[4] Mandelbaum.M.Flexibility in decision making[C]. Toronto,1978
[5] Buzacott.J.A,Mandelbaum.M.Flexibility and productivity in manufacturing systems
[C].In:Proceedings of the Annual IIE Conference,Los Angeles and Chicago,1985,404-413
[6] Gupta.Y.P,Goyal.S.Flexibility of manufacturing systems:concepts andasurement.[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1989,43:119-135
[7] Chung,Chen,I.Managing the flexibility of flexible manufacturing systems for competitiveedge.In:Liberatore,M.J.(Ed.),Selection and Evaluation of Advanced ManufacturingTechnologies,Springer,New York,1990,280-303
[8] Olhager.Manufacturing flexibility and profitability [J]：International Journ al of ProductionEconomics，1993,(10):67-78
[9] Corea.H.L.Linking Flexibility,uncertainty and variability in manufacturing [M].Systems(London: Avebury),1994
[10]万伦来，刘志迎．试论企业柔性的本质[J].预测，2002,(5):16-19
[11]陈太博．基于战略视角的制造柔性及其与客户满意度的关系研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2010
[12] Zelenovich.D.M.Flexibility: a condition for effective production systems[J].InternationalJournal of Production Research,1982,20(3),319-337
[13] Swamidass.P.M.Manufacturing flexibility[J].Monograph2,Operations ManagementAssociation,Waco,TX,1988
[14] Slack.N.The flexibility of manufacturing systems[J]. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1987,7(4),35-45
[15] Cox.T.Towards the measurement of manufacturing flexibility[J].Production&InventoryManagement Journal,1989,30(1):68-72
[16] Nagarur.Some performance measures of flexible manufacturing systems[J] Journal ofProduction Research,1992,30(4):799-809
[17] D.E.Dsouza，E.P.Williams.Toward a taxonomy of manufacturing flexibility dimensions[J].Journal of Opertions Management,2000,18:577-593
[18]袁红兵，黄新燕，李小宁．制造柔性的概念框架及其度量[J].高技术通讯，2005,05:50-53
[19]约瑟夫·派恩Ⅱ世．大规模定制：企业竞争的新前沿[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2000
[20] Christopher.W.L.Hart. Mass customization: conceptual underpinnings, opportunities andlimits[J]. Int. J. Service Industry Management,1995,6(2):36-45
[21]戴开勋，郭宏湘．大规模定制的企业核心能力研究[J].现代管理科学，2006,(3):66-67.
[22]菲利普·科特勒，凯文·莱恩凯·勒．营销管理(14版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012
[23]保罗·彼得，小詹姆斯·唐纳利．营销管理——知识技能[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012,81-97
[24]林恩·派，波尔丹·理查兹，乔治·诺曼．当代产业组织理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2012,87-112
[25]伊恩·沃辛顿，克里斯布·里顿．企业环境[M].北京：经济管理出版社，2011,1-28
[26]克莱尔·克朋.组织环境[M].北京：经济管理出版社，2011,238-240,306-314
[27]迈克尔·希特，杜安·爱尔兰，罗伯特·霍斯基森．战略管理--概念与案例[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012
[28]迈克尔·波特著．陈小悦译．竞争优势[M]．北京：华夏出版社，1997
[29]陈太博．基于战略视角的制造柔性及其与客户满意度的关系研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2010
[30]刘久富，王凤岐．大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].机械设计与制造，2005,(2):116-118.
[31]吴锡英．展望21世纪的制造业[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,02.
[32]韩永生．21世纪的中国成组技术—发展成组技术，迎接知识经济的到来[C].北京：1999
[33]刘晨光，李随成．生产方式演进的过程[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,(3)
[34] Lau, Ronald S.M. Mass customization: the next industrial revolution [J].IndustrialManagement,1995,37(5):18-19
[35]顾新建，祁国．全球集成制造与大成组工程[J].工厂建设与设计，1997,(1):30-32
[36]刘晨光，李随成．生产方式的新发展—用户化大生产[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,(1)
[37]吴锡英.从成组技术到大规模定制生产[J].中国机械工程,2001,(3):319-321
[38]杜尧.面向大规模定制生产的智能成组技术研究[D].南京：南京理工大学，2005
[39]郑蓓蓉，居建村．面向大规模生产的成组技术[J].温州：温州大学学报：社会科学版，2002，15（1）：85-87
[40]刘久富．面向大规模定制产品设计关键技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学，2002
[41]郑华林，刘清友，宛西原，等．基于客户协同的定制产品开发模式研究：组合机床与自动化加工技术[J].2006,06
[42]邹国胜，周晓东．基于大规模定制的供应链设计[J].商业研究，2002,(2)
[43]虎嵩林，田景成．工厂CAD中的大规模定制技术研究[J].工程图学学报，2000,(3)
[44]冯韬，但斌，兰春林等．面向大规模定制的产品族结构与配置管理[J].计算机集成制造系统，2003,9（3）
[45]黄辉，梁工谦，隋海燕．大规模定制产品族设计中的原理聚类研究[J].管理工程学报，2008,22（3）:110-114
[46]刘晓冰，董建华，孙伟．面向产品族的建模技术研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2001,13（7）:636-641
[47]但斌．面向大规模定制的产品族功能性评价与选择方法[J].管理工程学报，2004(1):17—21
[48]沈振芳，黄战武，宋倩．适用于柔性制造的排产优化系统[J]．现代电子技术．2010,316(5):168-170
[49]邵晓峰，黄培清，季建华．大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].工业工程管理，2001,(2):13-17.
[50]罗建强，韩玉启，张银萍．面向大规模定制的供应链延迟策略研究综述[J].物流技术，2007,（8）:153-155
[51]王海军，马士华，周晓．基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].科技进步与对策，2004,（1）:59-62
[52]刘枚莲，肖岳峰．基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论，2003,（11):12-17
[53]陈业华，何鲜利．MC下延迟策略影响因素分析及延迟策略选择[J].现代管理科学，2009,(3):62-64
[54] Carliss.Y.Baldwin,Kim.B.Clark．Managing in an age of modularity[J]．Harvard BusinessReview，1997，75（5）：84-93
[55] Carliss.Y.Baldwin,Kim.B.Clark．Design rules,the power of modularity[C]．Cambridge,MA：mit Press,2000
[56]张余华．面向客户需求的大规模定制策略[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2010
[57]童时中．模块化原理设计方法及应用［M].北京：中国标准出版社，2000
[58]王爱民，孟明辰，黄靖远，等．多目标约束环境下模块化产品设计方法研究[J].机械科学与技术，2003,(7)
[59]吴建华，金鹰，姚振强．可重构单元模块化及其结合面动特性的研究[J].机械设计与研究，2004,(10)
[60]曹虹剑．网络经济时代：模块化组织机制研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社，2010,72-76
[61]杨思远，刘细斌．柔性制造系统的经济评介[J].上海交通大学学报，1994,(2)
[62]方淑芬，高清，梁岩松．基于ABC成本分析法的FMS运行成本分析模型[J].管理工程学报，1998,(2)
[63]顾新建，祁国宁，徐福缘，等．大批量定制生产模式的定量分析方法[J].中国机械工程，2001,(3):312-315
[64]曹韵红．价值工程在MC中的应用[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2002,19(2):22-25
[65] Margrabe.W.The value of an option to exchange one asset for another[J]. Journal of Finance,1978,33(1):177-186
[66] Stulz.R.M.Options on the minimum or maximum of two risk assets: Analysis andapplication[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1982,10(2):161-185
[67] McDonald.R,Siegel.D. Investment and the valuation of firms when there is an option to shutdown[J]. International Economic Review,1985,26(2):331-349
[68] Triantis.A.J,Hodder.J.E.Valuing flexibility as complex option[J]. The Journal of Finance,1990,45(2):549-565
[69] He.H,Pindyck.R.S.Investment in flexibility production capacity[J]. Journal of Dynamics andControl,1992,(16):575-599
[70] Kulatilaka.N.The value of flexibility: The case of a dual-Fuel industrial steam boiler[J].Financial Management,1993,(Autumn):271-280
[71] Kogut.B,Kulatilaka.N.Operating flexibility, global manufacturing, and the option value of amultinational network[J]. Management Science,1994,40(1):123-139
[72] Bengtsson.J,Olhager.J. Manufacturing flexibility and real options: areview[J]. InternationalJournal of Production Economics,2001,(74):213-224
[73]谭跃雄，林强．企业制造系统的柔性价值及其应用研究[J].中国管理科学，2004,(10):679-682
[74] Gupta.Y.P,Goyal.Flexibility of manufacturing systems: concepts and measurement[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1989,(43):119-135
[75] Anderou.S.A.A capital budgeting model for product-mix flexibility[J]. Journal ofManufacturing and Operations Management,1990,(3):5-23
[76] Fine.C.H,Freund.R.M.Optimal investment in product-flexible manufacturing capacity[J].Management Science,1990,36(4):449-466
[77] Gerwin.D.Manufacturing flexibility: A strategic perspective[J]. Management Science,1993,39(4):395-410
[78] Chang.M.Flexibility manufacturing, uncertain consumer tastes, and strategic entrydeterrence[J].1993,41(1):77-90
[79] Gupta.Y,Somers.T.Business strategy, manufacturing flexibility, and organizationalperformance: a path analysis approach[J]. Production and Operations Management,1996,5(3):204-233
[80]陈强．中心制造船模式的研究与应用[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2002
[81]郑文军．虚拟企业的组织特性与管理机制研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2002
[82]周丹晨．面向网络化制造的资源共享服务平台构建原理与实施技术研究[D].成都：四川大学，2004
[83]张留建．新经济时代的柔性生产方式研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2011
[84]展勇．柔性开放车间调度算法研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2011
[85]杨蕙馨，刘明宇．从技术角度对企业内部组织演进的考察[J].文史哲.2003,(3)
[86]程巧莲．从供应链到价值网的企业制造能力演化研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2010
[87]徐伟，乔芳丽．辽宁装备制造业管理模式转型研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版)，2012,04
[88]任翔，王云峰．大规模定制的企业核心竞争力[J].经济与管理，2004,(10):49-51
[89]周晓东，邹国胜．大规模定制：竞争优势实现条件和基本策略[J].工业工程，2003,(7):8-11
[90]罗罡，吴清烈．业大规模定制能力模糊综合评价研究现代[J].管理科学，2005，(7):86-88
[91]王福秋．大规模定制企业快速反应能力的模糊综合评价研究[J].企业情报工作，2005(10):163-173
[92]徐建中，于士元，任嘉嵩．基于贝叶斯网络的企业大规模定制能力评价研究[J].科技与管理，2006,(5):16-18
[93]马钦海，焦建新，陈桂云．大规模定制生产的系统协同思想及理论与方法[J].工业工程与管理，2006,(4):127-130
[94]王晶，齐京华，刘晓宇．生产系统柔性的度量方法研究[J]管理工程学报2003(3):63-66
[95]薛正梁主编．钢铁冶金概论[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2008
[96] CY·温主编．李芳芹等译．煤气化过程最优化[M].化学工业出版社，1982
[97]奥利佛·威廉姆森．生产纵向一体化：市场失灵的考察[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社,2008:19-33
[98]奥利佛·威廉姆森．可信的承诺：用抵押品支持交易[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社,2008:130-160.
[99]托马斯·M·帕莱．比较制度经济学：铁路货运契约的治理[A].斯科特·E·马斯腾主编．契约和组织的案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社2005,53-78
[100] Dangl.T. Investment and capacity choice under uncertain demand[J]. Journal of OperationalResearch,1999,(177):415-428
[101] Triantis.A.J, Hodder.J.E. Valuing flexibility as complex option[J]. The Journal of Finance,1990,45(2):549-565
[102] Bengtsson.J,Olhager.J.Valuation of product-mix flexibility using real options[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2002,(78):13-28
[103]昝廷全．系统经济:新经济的本质——兼论模块化理论[J].中国工业经济,2003,(9):23-29
[104] Longstaff.F.A,Schwartz.E.S.Valuing american options by simulation: a simple least-squaresapproach. Review of Financial Study,2001,14(1):113-147
[105] Jackel.P. Monte calro methods in finance[M]. John Wiley&Sons,2002
[106] Moro.B. The full monte[J]. Risk,1995,8(2):57-58
[107] Brandimarte.P. Numerical methods in finance and economics[M]. John Wiley&Sons,2006
[108] Hull.J.C.Options, futures, and other derivatives(4ed)[M]. Prentice Hall,2000
[109] Brian.Uzzi．公司间网络的社会结构与竞争：嵌入式关系的悖论[A]．徐淑英，张维迎主编.管理科学季刊最佳论文集[C].北京：北京大学出版社，2005,291-335
[110]奥利弗·威廉姆森．交易费用经济学：契约关系的规制[A]．陈郁编．企业制度与市场组织[C].上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出版社，2006,22-60
[111]王国顺编著．企业理论：契约理论[M].北京：中国经济出版社，2006
[112]彼得·史密斯·林．网络化组织的成本[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,275-304
[113]本杰明·克莱因，罗伯特·克劳福德，阿曼·阿尔钦．纵向一体化、可占用租金与竞争性缔约过程[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京：人民出版社，2008,19-33
[114] Williamson.O.E.比较经济组织：对离散组织结构选择的分析[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社，2008,19-33
[115]托马斯·M·帕莱．比较制度经济学：铁路货运契约的治理[A]. Scott.E.Masten.契约和组织案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2006,53-78
[116]斯科特·E·马斯腾主编．契约和组织的案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,1-29
[117] Granovetter.M.s.Economic action and social structure;the problem ofembedded-ness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510
[118]安娜·格兰多里，玛西莫·纳里．企业网络的公平特征[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[119] Grabher.G.The embedded firm: on socioeconomics of industrial networks[C],London:1993
[120]朱塞皮·索达，亚历山德鲁·阿萨伊．密集网络的弊端-从嵌入到负债[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[121]马克·J·谢尔．日本的企业网络－高度信任或亲近关系[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[122] Gambetta.D.Trust:making and breaking cooperative relations [M].Oxford:BasilBlackwell,1988
[123] Morgan.R.M,Hunt.S.D.The commitment--trust theory of relationship marketing [J]. Journalof Marketing,1994,58:20--38
[124] Skao.M. Prices,quality and trust: Inter--firm relations in Britain and Japan[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992
[125]马本江．信用契约与交易机制设计[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，2011,08
[126]马克·J·谢尔．日本的企业网络－高度信任或亲近关系[A]．安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[127] Marshall.A. Principle of economics[M]. London: Macmillian,1925
[128] Russell.B.Human knowledge: its scope and limits[M]. London: George Allen&Unwin,1948
[129] Davenport.T, Prusak.L. Working knowledge[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press,1998
[130] OECD. The knowledge-based economy[R]. OECD: Paris,1996
[131] Spender.J.C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1996,17(winter special issue):45-62
[132] Teece.D.J. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration,collaboration, licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy,1986,15(6):285-305
[133] Spender.J.C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1996,17(winter special issue):45-62
[134] Teece.D.J. Capturing value from knowledge assets: the new economy, markets forknow-how, and intangible assets[J]. California Management Review,1998,40(3):55-79
[135] Teece.D.J. Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structureand industrialcontext[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):35-54
[136] Nonaka.I, Takeuchi.H. The knowledge-creating company[M]. New York: Oxford UniversityPress,1995
[137] Spencer.J.W. Firms’ knowledge-sharing strategies in the global innovation system: empiricalevidence from the flat panel display industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(3):217-233
[138] Diaz-Diaz.N.L,Aguiar-Diaz.I,De.Saa-perez.P.D.The effect of technological knowledgeassets on performance: the innovation choice in Spanish firms[J]. Research Policy,2008,37(9):1515-1529
[139] Alavi.M,Leidner.D.E.Knowledge management and knowledge managementsystem:Conceptual foundations and research issues[J].MIS Quarterly,2001,25(1):107--136
[140]保尔·B·德拉特．危险的联盟[A].Anna Grandori.企业网络：组织和产业竞争力[C]北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,241-272
[141]青木昌彦，安腾睛彦．模块时代：新产业结构的本质[M].上海：上海远东出版社，2003
[142]施振荣．再造宏基[M].上海：上海远东出版社，1996,238-258
[143]俞娜．哑铃型与橄榄型企业经营模式评析[J].企业活力，2005(1):28-29
[144]傅立芸．“哑铃型”战略的控制与转变[J].江苏科技信息，2002(12):21-22
[145]丁佶如，郑圆员，陈小燕．虚拟经营中的哑铃型和联合体模式[J].企业改革与管理，2011(10):28-29
[146]胡泳．从“橄榄型企业”到“哑铃型企业”[J].商务周刊，2003,(1)
[147]汪素芹，史俊超．“橄榄型”与“哑铃型”企业经营模式的比较及其启示-基于常州民营企业国际化发展中两种模式的案例分析[J].江苏商论，2006(7)：98-100
[148]鲁东亮，李志刚．企业经营模式理论研究综述与前瞻[J].内蒙古大学学报：人文社会科学版，2007，39(2)：94-98
[149]王志红，徐涛，岳海莹．哑铃型与橄榄型经营管理模式比较-以河北省服装企业的经营管理模式为例[J].中国商贸，2009(4)：36-37
[150]闫志刚．“哑铃型”经营模式-发展我国体育用品企业的策略研究[D].北京：对外经济贸易大学，2007
[151]谷晨，应政，杜雪松．谈“哑铃型”经营管理模式-对体育用品企业经营管理模式相关问题的思考[J].文体用品与科技，2010(3)：14-16
[152]张伯顺．汽车工业从“橄榄型”到“哑铃型”的战略转型[J].汽车与配件，2012(1)：16-17
[153]陆淳鸿．构建“哑铃型”企业经营模式及注意的问题[J].科技与管理，2000(3)：37-39
[154]庄鸿霖，姜阵剑．制造业产业升级：勿把微笑曲线做成哑铃结构[J].北方经济，2010(11)：38-39
[155]沃森．策略：博弈论导论[M].费方域，赖丹馨等译.上海：格致出版社，2010,169-204
[156] Penrose.E.T.The Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M]. New York: John Wiley,1959
[157] Rumelt.R.P,Lippman.S.A.Uncertain imitability: an analysis of interfirm differences inefficiency[J] under competition. Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(2):418-438
[158] Wernerfelt.B. A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2):171-180
[159] Barney.J.B. Strategic factor markets: expectations, luck, and business strategies.[J]Management Science,1986,32(10):1231-1241
[160] Barney.B.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120
[161] Dierickx.I,Cool.K.Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage[J].Management Science,1989,35(12):1504-1514
[162] Grant.R.M.The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategyformulation[J]. California Management Review,1991,33(3):114-135
[163] Collis.D.J,Montgomery.C.A. Competing on resources: strategy in the1990s[J]. HarvardBusiness Review,1995,73(4):118-128
[164] Collis.D.J,Montgomery.C.A.Corporate strategy: a resource based approach[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1997
[165] Rumelt.R.P. The Competitive challenge: strategies for industrial innovation and renewal[C].Cambridge: Ballinger,1987,137-158
[166] Dierickx.I,Cool.K.A.Resource based perspective on competitives strategy[C]. Mimeo,INSIDE,1990
[167] Peteraf.M.A.The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource-based View[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1993,14(3):179-191
[168] Markides.C.C,Williamson.P.J.Related diversification, core competences and corporateperformance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(2):149-165
[169] Wernerfelt.B.The resource-based view of the firm: ten years after[J]. Strategic ManagementJournal.1995,16(3):171-174
[170] Bowman.C,Faulkner.D.Competitive and corporate strategy[C], London: Irwin,1997
[171]杰伊·B·巴尼，德文·N·克拉克著．张书军,苏晓华译．资源基础理论-创建并保持竞争优势[M].上海：格致出版社·上海三联书店·上海人民出版社.2011
[172] Barney.J.B.Firm resource and sustained competitive advantage[J] Journal ofManagement,1991,17(1):99-120.
[173]王国顺等著．企业理论：能力理论[M].中国经济出版社．北京：2006
[174] Teece.D.J,Pisano,G.and.Capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic ManagementJournal,1997,18(7):509-533
[175] Grant.R.Contemporary strategy analysis:concepts,techniques,application[M].BlackwellPublishers Ltd.1998:186-207
[176] Miller.D,Shamsie.J.The Resource-based view of the firm in two environments:thehollywood film studios from1936-1965[J].Academy of ManagementJournal.1996,(39):519-543
[177]玛丽·奇普萨斯．通过补充资产使新兴技术商业化[A].沃顿论新兴技术管理[C].乔治·戴，保罗·休罗克著．石莹等译．北京：华夏出版社，2002，135-146
[178] Based.B.M.Bass，bass&stogdill's handbook of Leadership[M]．New York：Free Press，1990
[179]斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯著．孙健敏，李原译．组织行为学[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[180] H.Mintaberg.Power in and around organizitions[M].NJ： Prentice Hall，1983,31-41
[181]罗纳德·科斯．企业的性质[A].奥利佛·威廉姆森，斯科特·马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京：人民出版社，2008,3-18
[182] Rajan,Zingales.Power in a theory of firm[J]. Quarterly Journalof Economics,1998,(2):387-432
[183]贝赞可，德雷诺夫，尚利等．战略经济学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2006,593-620
[184] Selznick.P. Leadership in administration: a sociological interpretation[M]. evanston, IL:Row, Peterson,1957
[185] Ansoff.H.L.Corporate strategy: an analytic approach to business policy for growth andexpansion[M], New York: McGraw Hill,1965
[186] Prahalad.C.K,Hamel.G. The core competence of the corporation[J]. Harvard BusinessReview,1990,68(3):79-90
[187] Prahalad.C.K,Hamel.G.Strategy as field of study: why Search for a new paradigm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(Special Issue):5-16
[188] Stalk.G,Evans.P,Shulmun.L.E. Competing on capabilities: the new rule of corporatestrategy[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992,70(2):54-66
[189] Tampoe.M. Exploiting the core competence of your organization[J]. Long Range Planning,1994,27(4):66-77
[190] Javidan.M. Core competence: What does it mean in practice?[J]. Long Range Planning,1998,31(1),60-71
[191] Hitt.M.A,Ireland.D.R,Hoskisson.R.E.The internal environment: resources, capabilities, andcore competencies in strategic management competitiveness and globalization[R]. NewYork: South-Western College Publishing,1999
[192] Leonard-Barton.D.Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in managing new productdevelopment[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13:111-125
[193] Eisenhardt.K.M,Martin.J.A.Dynamic cpabilities: what are they?[J]. Strategic ManagementJournal,2002,21(10/11):1105-1121
[194] Winter.S.G.Understanding dynamic capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(10):991-995
[195] SubbaNarasimha.P.N.Strategy in turbulent environments: the role of dynamic competence[J].Managerial and Decision Economics,2001,22(4-5):201-212
[196] Zollo.M,Winter.S.G.Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities[J].Organization Science,2002,13(3):339-351
[197] Verona.G,Ravasi.D.Unbundling dynamic capabilities: an exploratory study of continuousproduct innovation[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2003,12(3):577-606
[198] Teece.D.J.Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structureand industrialcontext[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):35-54
[199] Clark.T.The fashion of management fashion: a surge too far[J]. Organization,2004,11(2):297-306
[200]王国顺等编著．企业理论：契约理论．北京：中国经济出版社，2006
[201] Zeithaml.V.A.(1985).Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality,and Value A Means-EndModel and Synthesis of Evidence[J]. Journal of Marketing,52(July),2-22
[202]爱恩·迈克米连，瑞塔·刚瑟·迈克格瑞司．团簇型市场环境中的技术战略[A].沃顿论新兴技术管理[C].乔治·戴，保罗·休罗克著．石莹等译．北京：华夏出版社，2002，117-134
[203]张维迎．企业的企业家理论-契约理论.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社，1995,1-9
[204]杰伊·B·巴尼，德文·N·克拉克．资源基础理论—创建并保持竞争优势[M].上海：上海三联出版社，2011
[205] Barney.J.B.Introduction to the special issue on the resource based view of the firm[J]. J.Management,1991,17:97–99
[206] Kale.P,Singh.H,Perlmutter.H.Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategicalliances: building relational capital[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):217-237
[207] Prahalad.C.K,Hame.G.The core competences of the corporation[J]． Harvard BusinessReview,1990,(5-6):79-91
[208] Quinn.B.R.Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities[J]．Sloan ManagementReview,1999,(5):9-21
[209]曾航．一只iPhone的全球之旅——苹果幕后全产业链运作完全解密[M].北京：凤凰出版社，2011
[210] Porter.E.Competitive strategy[M]. New York: Free Press,1989
[211] Brusoni.S,Prencipe.A.Pavitt.“Knowledge specialization, organizational coupling, and theboundaries of the firm: Why do firms know more than they make?”[J]. AdministrativeScience Quarterly,2001,(46):597~621
[212] Thompson.J.D.Organizations in action[M]. New Yo rk: McGraw Hill,1967
[213] Porter.M.E.Competitive strategy[M]. New York: Free Press,1980
[214] Emerson.R.M.Power-dependence relationships[J]. American Sociological Review,1962,27:31~41
[215]杰伊·巴尼．不平等从何而来[A]．肯·史密斯，迈克尔·希特．管理学中的伟大思想[C].北京：北京大学出版社，2010年
[216] Penrose.E.The Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M]. Oxford, UK:Basil Blackwell,1959
[2]程灏，杨堉鑫．生产运作管理[M].北京：经济科学出版社，2009
[3]理查德·B·蔡斯，尼古拉·J·阿奎拉诺，F·罗伯特·雅格布斯著．运营管理[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2004
[4] Mandelbaum.M.Flexibility in decision making[C]. Toronto,1978
[5] Buzacott.J.A,Mandelbaum.M.Flexibility and productivity in manufacturing systems
[C].In:Proceedings of the Annual IIE Conference,Los Angeles and Chicago,1985,404-413
[6] Gupta.Y.P,Goyal.S.Flexibility of manufacturing systems:concepts andasurement.[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1989,43:119-135
[7] Chung,Chen,I.Managing the flexibility of flexible manufacturing systems for competitiveedge.In:Liberatore,M.J.(Ed.),Selection and Evaluation of Advanced ManufacturingTechnologies,Springer,New York,1990,280-303
[8] Olhager.Manufacturing flexibility and profitability [J]：International Journ al of ProductionEconomics，1993,(10):67-78
[9] Corea.H.L.Linking Flexibility,uncertainty and variability in manufacturing [M].Systems(London: Avebury),1994
[10]万伦来，刘志迎．试论企业柔性的本质[J].预测，2002,(5):16-19
[11]陈太博．基于战略视角的制造柔性及其与客户满意度的关系研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2010
[12] Zelenovich.D.M.Flexibility: a condition for effective production systems[J].InternationalJournal of Production Research,1982,20(3),319-337
[13] Swamidass.P.M.Manufacturing flexibility[J].Monograph2,Operations ManagementAssociation,Waco,TX,1988
[14] Slack.N.The flexibility of manufacturing systems[J]. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1987,7(4),35-45
[15] Cox.T.Towards the measurement of manufacturing flexibility[J].Production&InventoryManagement Journal,1989,30(1):68-72
[16] Nagarur.Some performance measures of flexible manufacturing systems[J] Journal ofProduction Research,1992,30(4):799-809
[17] D.E.Dsouza，E.P.Williams.Toward a taxonomy of manufacturing flexibility dimensions[J].Journal of Opertions Management,2000,18:577-593
[18]袁红兵，黄新燕，李小宁．制造柔性的概念框架及其度量[J].高技术通讯，2005,05:50-53
[19]约瑟夫·派恩Ⅱ世．大规模定制：企业竞争的新前沿[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2000
[20] Christopher.W.L.Hart. Mass customization: conceptual underpinnings, opportunities andlimits[J]. Int. J. Service Industry Management,1995,6(2):36-45
[21]戴开勋，郭宏湘．大规模定制的企业核心能力研究[J].现代管理科学，2006,(3):66-67.
[22]菲利普·科特勒，凯文·莱恩凯·勒．营销管理(14版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012
[23]保罗·彼得，小詹姆斯·唐纳利．营销管理——知识技能[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012,81-97
[24]林恩·派，波尔丹·理查兹，乔治·诺曼．当代产业组织理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2012,87-112
[25]伊恩·沃辛顿，克里斯布·里顿．企业环境[M].北京：经济管理出版社，2011,1-28
[26]克莱尔·克朋.组织环境[M].北京：经济管理出版社，2011,238-240,306-314
[27]迈克尔·希特，杜安·爱尔兰，罗伯特·霍斯基森．战略管理--概念与案例[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2012
[28]迈克尔·波特著．陈小悦译．竞争优势[M]．北京：华夏出版社，1997
[29]陈太博．基于战略视角的制造柔性及其与客户满意度的关系研究[D].吉林：吉林大学，2010
[30]刘久富，王凤岐．大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].机械设计与制造，2005,(2):116-118.
[31]吴锡英．展望21世纪的制造业[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,02.
[32]韩永生．21世纪的中国成组技术—发展成组技术，迎接知识经济的到来[C].北京：1999
[33]刘晨光，李随成．生产方式演进的过程[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,(3)
[34] Lau, Ronald S.M. Mass customization: the next industrial revolution [J].IndustrialManagement,1995,37(5):18-19
[35]顾新建，祁国．全球集成制造与大成组工程[J].工厂建设与设计，1997,(1):30-32
[36]刘晨光，李随成．生产方式的新发展—用户化大生产[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2000,(1)
[37]吴锡英.从成组技术到大规模定制生产[J].中国机械工程,2001,(3):319-321
[38]杜尧.面向大规模定制生产的智能成组技术研究[D].南京：南京理工大学，2005
[39]郑蓓蓉，居建村．面向大规模生产的成组技术[J].温州：温州大学学报：社会科学版，2002，15（1）：85-87
[40]刘久富．面向大规模定制产品设计关键技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学，2002
[41]郑华林，刘清友，宛西原，等．基于客户协同的定制产品开发模式研究：组合机床与自动化加工技术[J].2006,06
[42]邹国胜，周晓东．基于大规模定制的供应链设计[J].商业研究，2002,(2)
[43]虎嵩林，田景成．工厂CAD中的大规模定制技术研究[J].工程图学学报，2000,(3)
[44]冯韬，但斌，兰春林等．面向大规模定制的产品族结构与配置管理[J].计算机集成制造系统，2003,9（3）
[45]黄辉，梁工谦，隋海燕．大规模定制产品族设计中的原理聚类研究[J].管理工程学报，2008,22（3）:110-114
[46]刘晓冰，董建华，孙伟．面向产品族的建模技术研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2001,13（7）:636-641
[47]但斌．面向大规模定制的产品族功能性评价与选择方法[J].管理工程学报，2004(1):17—21
[48]沈振芳，黄战武，宋倩．适用于柔性制造的排产优化系统[J]．现代电子技术．2010,316(5):168-170
[49]邵晓峰，黄培清，季建华．大规模定制生产模式的研究[J].工业工程管理，2001,(2):13-17.
[50]罗建强，韩玉启，张银萍．面向大规模定制的供应链延迟策略研究综述[J].物流技术，2007,（8）:153-155
[51]王海军，马士华，周晓．基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].科技进步与对策，2004,（1）:59-62
[52]刘枚莲，肖岳峰．基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论，2003,（11):12-17
[53]陈业华，何鲜利．MC下延迟策略影响因素分析及延迟策略选择[J].现代管理科学，2009,(3):62-64
[54] Carliss.Y.Baldwin,Kim.B.Clark．Managing in an age of modularity[J]．Harvard BusinessReview，1997，75（5）：84-93
[55] Carliss.Y.Baldwin,Kim.B.Clark．Design rules,the power of modularity[C]．Cambridge,MA：mit Press,2000
[56]张余华．面向客户需求的大规模定制策略[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2010
[57]童时中．模块化原理设计方法及应用［M].北京：中国标准出版社，2000
[58]王爱民，孟明辰，黄靖远，等．多目标约束环境下模块化产品设计方法研究[J].机械科学与技术，2003,(7)
[59]吴建华，金鹰，姚振强．可重构单元模块化及其结合面动特性的研究[J].机械设计与研究，2004,(10)
[60]曹虹剑．网络经济时代：模块化组织机制研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社，2010,72-76
[61]杨思远，刘细斌．柔性制造系统的经济评介[J].上海交通大学学报，1994,(2)
[62]方淑芬，高清，梁岩松．基于ABC成本分析法的FMS运行成本分析模型[J].管理工程学报，1998,(2)
[63]顾新建，祁国宁，徐福缘，等．大批量定制生产模式的定量分析方法[J].中国机械工程，2001,(3):312-315
[64]曹韵红．价值工程在MC中的应用[J].成组技术与生产现代化，2002,19(2):22-25
[65] Margrabe.W.The value of an option to exchange one asset for another[J]. Journal of Finance,1978,33(1):177-186
[66] Stulz.R.M.Options on the minimum or maximum of two risk assets: Analysis andapplication[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1982,10(2):161-185
[67] McDonald.R,Siegel.D. Investment and the valuation of firms when there is an option to shutdown[J]. International Economic Review,1985,26(2):331-349
[68] Triantis.A.J,Hodder.J.E.Valuing flexibility as complex option[J]. The Journal of Finance,1990,45(2):549-565
[69] He.H,Pindyck.R.S.Investment in flexibility production capacity[J]. Journal of Dynamics andControl,1992,(16):575-599
[70] Kulatilaka.N.The value of flexibility: The case of a dual-Fuel industrial steam boiler[J].Financial Management,1993,(Autumn):271-280
[71] Kogut.B,Kulatilaka.N.Operating flexibility, global manufacturing, and the option value of amultinational network[J]. Management Science,1994,40(1):123-139
[72] Bengtsson.J,Olhager.J. Manufacturing flexibility and real options: areview[J]. InternationalJournal of Production Economics,2001,(74):213-224
[73]谭跃雄，林强．企业制造系统的柔性价值及其应用研究[J].中国管理科学，2004,(10):679-682
[74] Gupta.Y.P,Goyal.Flexibility of manufacturing systems: concepts and measurement[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1989,(43):119-135
[75] Anderou.S.A.A capital budgeting model for product-mix flexibility[J]. Journal ofManufacturing and Operations Management,1990,(3):5-23
[76] Fine.C.H,Freund.R.M.Optimal investment in product-flexible manufacturing capacity[J].Management Science,1990,36(4):449-466
[77] Gerwin.D.Manufacturing flexibility: A strategic perspective[J]. Management Science,1993,39(4):395-410
[78] Chang.M.Flexibility manufacturing, uncertain consumer tastes, and strategic entrydeterrence[J].1993,41(1):77-90
[79] Gupta.Y,Somers.T.Business strategy, manufacturing flexibility, and organizationalperformance: a path analysis approach[J]. Production and Operations Management,1996,5(3):204-233
[80]陈强．中心制造船模式的研究与应用[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2002
[81]郑文军．虚拟企业的组织特性与管理机制研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2002
[82]周丹晨．面向网络化制造的资源共享服务平台构建原理与实施技术研究[D].成都：四川大学，2004
[83]张留建．新经济时代的柔性生产方式研究[D].重庆：重庆大学，2011
[84]展勇．柔性开放车间调度算法研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学，2011
[85]杨蕙馨，刘明宇．从技术角度对企业内部组织演进的考察[J].文史哲.2003,(3)
[86]程巧莲．从供应链到价值网的企业制造能力演化研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2010
[87]徐伟，乔芳丽．辽宁装备制造业管理模式转型研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版)，2012,04
[88]任翔，王云峰．大规模定制的企业核心竞争力[J].经济与管理，2004,(10):49-51
[89]周晓东，邹国胜．大规模定制：竞争优势实现条件和基本策略[J].工业工程，2003,(7):8-11
[90]罗罡，吴清烈．业大规模定制能力模糊综合评价研究现代[J].管理科学，2005，(7):86-88
[91]王福秋．大规模定制企业快速反应能力的模糊综合评价研究[J].企业情报工作，2005(10):163-173
[92]徐建中，于士元，任嘉嵩．基于贝叶斯网络的企业大规模定制能力评价研究[J].科技与管理，2006,(5):16-18
[93]马钦海，焦建新，陈桂云．大规模定制生产的系统协同思想及理论与方法[J].工业工程与管理，2006,(4):127-130
[94]王晶，齐京华，刘晓宇．生产系统柔性的度量方法研究[J]管理工程学报2003(3):63-66
[95]薛正梁主编．钢铁冶金概论[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2008
[96] CY·温主编．李芳芹等译．煤气化过程最优化[M].化学工业出版社，1982
[97]奥利佛·威廉姆森．生产纵向一体化：市场失灵的考察[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社,2008:19-33
[98]奥利佛·威廉姆森．可信的承诺：用抵押品支持交易[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社,2008:130-160.
[99]托马斯·M·帕莱．比较制度经济学：铁路货运契约的治理[A].斯科特·E·马斯腾主编．契约和组织的案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社2005,53-78
[100] Dangl.T. Investment and capacity choice under uncertain demand[J]. Journal of OperationalResearch,1999,(177):415-428
[101] Triantis.A.J, Hodder.J.E. Valuing flexibility as complex option[J]. The Journal of Finance,1990,45(2):549-565
[102] Bengtsson.J,Olhager.J.Valuation of product-mix flexibility using real options[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2002,(78):13-28
[103]昝廷全．系统经济:新经济的本质——兼论模块化理论[J].中国工业经济,2003,(9):23-29
[104] Longstaff.F.A,Schwartz.E.S.Valuing american options by simulation: a simple least-squaresapproach. Review of Financial Study,2001,14(1):113-147
[105] Jackel.P. Monte calro methods in finance[M]. John Wiley&Sons,2002
[106] Moro.B. The full monte[J]. Risk,1995,8(2):57-58
[107] Brandimarte.P. Numerical methods in finance and economics[M]. John Wiley&Sons,2006
[108] Hull.J.C.Options, futures, and other derivatives(4ed)[M]. Prentice Hall,2000
[109] Brian.Uzzi．公司间网络的社会结构与竞争：嵌入式关系的悖论[A]．徐淑英，张维迎主编.管理科学季刊最佳论文集[C].北京：北京大学出版社，2005,291-335
[110]奥利弗·威廉姆森．交易费用经济学：契约关系的规制[A]．陈郁编．企业制度与市场组织[C].上海：上海三联书店，上海人民出版社，2006,22-60
[111]王国顺编著．企业理论：契约理论[M].北京：中国经济出版社，2006
[112]彼得·史密斯·林．网络化组织的成本[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,275-304
[113]本杰明·克莱因，罗伯特·克劳福德，阿曼·阿尔钦．纵向一体化、可占用租金与竞争性缔约过程[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京：人民出版社，2008,19-33
[114] Williamson.O.E.比较经济组织：对离散组织结构选择的分析[A].奥利佛威廉姆森，斯科特马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京:人民出版社，2008,19-33
[115]托马斯·M·帕莱．比较制度经济学：铁路货运契约的治理[A]. Scott.E.Masten.契约和组织案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2006,53-78
[116]斯科特·E·马斯腾主编．契约和组织的案例研究[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,1-29
[117] Granovetter.M.s.Economic action and social structure;the problem ofembedded-ness[J].American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481-510
[118]安娜·格兰多里，玛西莫·纳里．企业网络的公平特征[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[119] Grabher.G.The embedded firm: on socioeconomics of industrial networks[C],London:1993
[120]朱塞皮·索达，亚历山德鲁·阿萨伊．密集网络的弊端-从嵌入到负债[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[121]马克·J·谢尔．日本的企业网络－高度信任或亲近关系[A].安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[122] Gambetta.D.Trust:making and breaking cooperative relations [M].Oxford:BasilBlackwell,1988
[123] Morgan.R.M,Hunt.S.D.The commitment--trust theory of relationship marketing [J]. Journalof Marketing,1994,58:20--38
[124] Skao.M. Prices,quality and trust: Inter--firm relations in Britain and Japan[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1992
[125]马本江．信用契约与交易机制设计[M]．北京：中国经济出版社，2011,08
[126]马克·J·谢尔．日本的企业网络－高度信任或亲近关系[A]．安娜·格兰多里主编．企业网络：组织和产业的竞争力[C]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[127] Marshall.A. Principle of economics[M]. London: Macmillian,1925
[128] Russell.B.Human knowledge: its scope and limits[M]. London: George Allen&Unwin,1948
[129] Davenport.T, Prusak.L. Working knowledge[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press,1998
[130] OECD. The knowledge-based economy[R]. OECD: Paris,1996
[131] Spender.J.C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1996,17(winter special issue):45-62
[132] Teece.D.J. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration,collaboration, licensing and public policy[J]. Research Policy,1986,15(6):285-305
[133] Spender.J.C. Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1996,17(winter special issue):45-62
[134] Teece.D.J. Capturing value from knowledge assets: the new economy, markets forknow-how, and intangible assets[J]. California Management Review,1998,40(3):55-79
[135] Teece.D.J. Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structureand industrialcontext[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):35-54
[136] Nonaka.I, Takeuchi.H. The knowledge-creating company[M]. New York: Oxford UniversityPress,1995
[137] Spencer.J.W. Firms’ knowledge-sharing strategies in the global innovation system: empiricalevidence from the flat panel display industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(3):217-233
[138] Diaz-Diaz.N.L,Aguiar-Diaz.I,De.Saa-perez.P.D.The effect of technological knowledgeassets on performance: the innovation choice in Spanish firms[J]. Research Policy,2008,37(9):1515-1529
[139] Alavi.M,Leidner.D.E.Knowledge management and knowledge managementsystem:Conceptual foundations and research issues[J].MIS Quarterly,2001,25(1):107--136
[140]保尔·B·德拉特．危险的联盟[A].Anna Grandori.企业网络：组织和产业竞争力[C]北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005,241-272
[141]青木昌彦，安腾睛彦．模块时代：新产业结构的本质[M].上海：上海远东出版社，2003
[142]施振荣．再造宏基[M].上海：上海远东出版社，1996,238-258
[143]俞娜．哑铃型与橄榄型企业经营模式评析[J].企业活力，2005(1):28-29
[144]傅立芸．“哑铃型”战略的控制与转变[J].江苏科技信息，2002(12):21-22
[145]丁佶如，郑圆员，陈小燕．虚拟经营中的哑铃型和联合体模式[J].企业改革与管理，2011(10):28-29
[146]胡泳．从“橄榄型企业”到“哑铃型企业”[J].商务周刊，2003,(1)
[147]汪素芹，史俊超．“橄榄型”与“哑铃型”企业经营模式的比较及其启示-基于常州民营企业国际化发展中两种模式的案例分析[J].江苏商论，2006(7)：98-100
[148]鲁东亮，李志刚．企业经营模式理论研究综述与前瞻[J].内蒙古大学学报：人文社会科学版，2007，39(2)：94-98
[149]王志红，徐涛，岳海莹．哑铃型与橄榄型经营管理模式比较-以河北省服装企业的经营管理模式为例[J].中国商贸，2009(4)：36-37
[150]闫志刚．“哑铃型”经营模式-发展我国体育用品企业的策略研究[D].北京：对外经济贸易大学，2007
[151]谷晨，应政，杜雪松．谈“哑铃型”经营管理模式-对体育用品企业经营管理模式相关问题的思考[J].文体用品与科技，2010(3)：14-16
[152]张伯顺．汽车工业从“橄榄型”到“哑铃型”的战略转型[J].汽车与配件，2012(1)：16-17
[153]陆淳鸿．构建“哑铃型”企业经营模式及注意的问题[J].科技与管理，2000(3)：37-39
[154]庄鸿霖，姜阵剑．制造业产业升级：勿把微笑曲线做成哑铃结构[J].北方经济，2010(11)：38-39
[155]沃森．策略：博弈论导论[M].费方域，赖丹馨等译.上海：格致出版社，2010,169-204
[156] Penrose.E.T.The Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M]. New York: John Wiley,1959
[157] Rumelt.R.P,Lippman.S.A.Uncertain imitability: an analysis of interfirm differences inefficiency[J] under competition. Bell Journal of Economics,1982,13(2):418-438
[158] Wernerfelt.B. A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2):171-180
[159] Barney.J.B. Strategic factor markets: expectations, luck, and business strategies.[J]Management Science,1986,32(10):1231-1241
[160] Barney.B.Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120
[161] Dierickx.I,Cool.K.Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage[J].Management Science,1989,35(12):1504-1514
[162] Grant.R.M.The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategyformulation[J]. California Management Review,1991,33(3):114-135
[163] Collis.D.J,Montgomery.C.A. Competing on resources: strategy in the1990s[J]. HarvardBusiness Review,1995,73(4):118-128
[164] Collis.D.J,Montgomery.C.A.Corporate strategy: a resource based approach[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1997
[165] Rumelt.R.P. The Competitive challenge: strategies for industrial innovation and renewal[C].Cambridge: Ballinger,1987,137-158
[166] Dierickx.I,Cool.K.A.Resource based perspective on competitives strategy[C]. Mimeo,INSIDE,1990
[167] Peteraf.M.A.The cornerstones of competitive advantage:a resource-based View[J]. StrategicManagement Journal,1993,14(3):179-191
[168] Markides.C.C,Williamson.P.J.Related diversification, core competences and corporateperformance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(2):149-165
[169] Wernerfelt.B.The resource-based view of the firm: ten years after[J]. Strategic ManagementJournal.1995,16(3):171-174
[170] Bowman.C,Faulkner.D.Competitive and corporate strategy[C], London: Irwin,1997
[171]杰伊·B·巴尼，德文·N·克拉克著．张书军,苏晓华译．资源基础理论-创建并保持竞争优势[M].上海：格致出版社·上海三联书店·上海人民出版社.2011
[172] Barney.J.B.Firm resource and sustained competitive advantage[J] Journal ofManagement,1991,17(1):99-120.
[173]王国顺等著．企业理论：能力理论[M].中国经济出版社．北京：2006
[174] Teece.D.J,Pisano,G.and.Capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic ManagementJournal,1997,18(7):509-533
[175] Grant.R.Contemporary strategy analysis:concepts,techniques,application[M].BlackwellPublishers Ltd.1998:186-207
[176] Miller.D,Shamsie.J.The Resource-based view of the firm in two environments:thehollywood film studios from1936-1965[J].Academy of ManagementJournal.1996,(39):519-543
[177]玛丽·奇普萨斯．通过补充资产使新兴技术商业化[A].沃顿论新兴技术管理[C].乔治·戴，保罗·休罗克著．石莹等译．北京：华夏出版社，2002，135-146
[178] Based.B.M.Bass，bass&stogdill's handbook of Leadership[M]．New York：Free Press，1990
[179]斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯著．孙健敏，李原译．组织行为学[M]．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005
[180] H.Mintaberg.Power in and around organizitions[M].NJ： Prentice Hall，1983,31-41
[181]罗纳德·科斯．企业的性质[A].奥利佛·威廉姆森，斯科特·马斯腾编．交易成本经济学经典名著选读[C].北京：人民出版社，2008,3-18
[182] Rajan,Zingales.Power in a theory of firm[J]. Quarterly Journalof Economics,1998,(2):387-432
[183]贝赞可，德雷诺夫，尚利等．战略经济学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社，2006,593-620
[184] Selznick.P. Leadership in administration: a sociological interpretation[M]. evanston, IL:Row, Peterson,1957
[185] Ansoff.H.L.Corporate strategy: an analytic approach to business policy for growth andexpansion[M], New York: McGraw Hill,1965
[186] Prahalad.C.K,Hamel.G. The core competence of the corporation[J]. Harvard BusinessReview,1990,68(3):79-90
[187] Prahalad.C.K,Hamel.G.Strategy as field of study: why Search for a new paradigm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(Special Issue):5-16
[188] Stalk.G,Evans.P,Shulmun.L.E. Competing on capabilities: the new rule of corporatestrategy[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992,70(2):54-66
[189] Tampoe.M. Exploiting the core competence of your organization[J]. Long Range Planning,1994,27(4):66-77
[190] Javidan.M. Core competence: What does it mean in practice?[J]. Long Range Planning,1998,31(1),60-71
[191] Hitt.M.A,Ireland.D.R,Hoskisson.R.E.The internal environment: resources, capabilities, andcore competencies in strategic management competitiveness and globalization[R]. NewYork: South-Western College Publishing,1999
[192] Leonard-Barton.D.Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in managing new productdevelopment[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13:111-125
[193] Eisenhardt.K.M,Martin.J.A.Dynamic cpabilities: what are they?[J]. Strategic ManagementJournal,2002,21(10/11):1105-1121
[194] Winter.S.G.Understanding dynamic capabilities[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(10):991-995
[195] SubbaNarasimha.P.N.Strategy in turbulent environments: the role of dynamic competence[J].Managerial and Decision Economics,2001,22(4-5):201-212
[196] Zollo.M,Winter.S.G.Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities[J].Organization Science,2002,13(3):339-351
[197] Verona.G,Ravasi.D.Unbundling dynamic capabilities: an exploratory study of continuousproduct innovation[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2003,12(3):577-606
[198] Teece.D.J.Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structureand industrialcontext[J]. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):35-54
[199] Clark.T.The fashion of management fashion: a surge too far[J]. Organization,2004,11(2):297-306
[200]王国顺等编著．企业理论：契约理论．北京：中国经济出版社，2006
[201] Zeithaml.V.A.(1985).Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality,and Value A Means-EndModel and Synthesis of Evidence[J]. Journal of Marketing,52(July),2-22
[202]爱恩·迈克米连，瑞塔·刚瑟·迈克格瑞司．团簇型市场环境中的技术战略[A].沃顿论新兴技术管理[C].乔治·戴，保罗·休罗克著．石莹等译．北京：华夏出版社，2002，117-134
[203]张维迎．企业的企业家理论-契约理论.上海：上海三联书店,上海人民出版社，1995,1-9
[204]杰伊·B·巴尼，德文·N·克拉克．资源基础理论—创建并保持竞争优势[M].上海：上海三联出版社，2011
[205] Barney.J.B.Introduction to the special issue on the resource based view of the firm[J]. J.Management,1991,17:97–99
[206] Kale.P,Singh.H,Perlmutter.H.Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategicalliances: building relational capital[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):217-237
[207] Prahalad.C.K,Hame.G.The core competences of the corporation[J]． Harvard BusinessReview,1990,(5-6):79-91
[208] Quinn.B.R.Strategic outsourcing: leveraging knowledge capabilities[J]．Sloan ManagementReview,1999,(5):9-21
[209]曾航．一只iPhone的全球之旅——苹果幕后全产业链运作完全解密[M].北京：凤凰出版社，2011
[210] Porter.E.Competitive strategy[M]. New York: Free Press,1989
[211] Brusoni.S,Prencipe.A.Pavitt.“Knowledge specialization, organizational coupling, and theboundaries of the firm: Why do firms know more than they make?”[J]. AdministrativeScience Quarterly,2001,(46):597~621
[212] Thompson.J.D.Organizations in action[M]. New Yo rk: McGraw Hill,1967
[213] Porter.M.E.Competitive strategy[M]. New York: Free Press,1980
[214] Emerson.R.M.Power-dependence relationships[J]. American Sociological Review,1962,27:31~41
[215]杰伊·巴尼．不平等从何而来[A]．肯·史密斯，迈克尔·希特．管理学中的伟大思想[C].北京：北京大学出版社，2010年
[216] Penrose.E.The Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M]. Oxford, UK:Basil Blackwell,1959
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |