制造云服务按需供应模式、关键技术及应用研究
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摘要
在制造业信息化和服务化的大背景下,针对传统的一些网络化制造模式的局限性,通过借鉴云计算的模式和技术,云制造这一网络化制造的新模式应运而生。云制造综合运用各种信息技术、制造技术和管理技术,通过对海量、异构、分布的面向制造全生命周期的制造软硬件资源进行虚拟化和服务化,形成一个统一的制造云服务池,并构建云制造服务平台对制造云服务进行统一、集中、按需的智能化管理和经营,进而为各种用户提供可靠、优质、廉价的按需制造服务,从而支持企业间便捷、动态的业务协作,促进广域范围内的制造资源优化配置。
云制造服务平台在给用户带来大量服务的同时,也产生了服务与用户需求的匹配问题：如何根据用户各种不同性质的需求,利用平台中的海量资源和服务,为用户供应所需的满意服务；如何根据广大用户的需求,组织和管理平台中的海量服务,促进服务的有序化。因此,制造云服务的按需供应是云制造的关键问题和核心特征之一。本文针对制造云服务按需供应研究存在的不足,以有效支持制造云服务按需供应模式的工程化应用为目的,从模式、技术和应用三个层面上来研究制造云服务的按需供应问题,以促进云制造环境下海量云服务组织和管理的按需有序化,支持企业按需获取和使用制造资源。论文主要内容如下：
第一章首先阐述云制造产生的背景,分析云制造的内涵；接着对云制造的研究现状进行剖析；在此基础上,给出制造云服务按需供应模式的内涵和外延,分析云服务按需供应模式的重要性及其研究之不足；针对云服务按需供应研究的不足,给出论文研究的主要内容与结构。
第二章研究制造云服务按需供应模式的体系结构。首先,提出客户需求分离点的概念,基于客户需求分离点在云服务供应过程中的位置,将云服务按需供应模式分为按需求提供、按需求组合、按需求设计和按需求研发四类子模式,提出云服务按需供应模式的整体架构,分析其内在原理；接着基于按需供应模式的整体架构,提出云服务按需供应的过程模型,以指导不同情景、不同前提下的按需供应问题,并构建云服务按需供应的平台框架；最后总结分析按需供应模式的实现所涉及的技术体系。
第三章研究支持演化的制造云服务元建模技术,在云服务的建模阶段即集成地考虑云服务的演化方法和演化管理问题。首先分析制造云服务的建模需求,提出支持演化的云服务元建模框架；着重研究框架语义表示层中的云服务元模型架构。在元元模型层,给出云服务的形式化定义及概念模型。在元模型层,阐述云服务业务主对象、业务元对象和业务元数据的模型结构及演化操作对象、演化日志对象的模型结构。在云服务模型层,基于Web本体描述语言建立云服务本体；最后提出云服务的演化过程模型。
第四章研究制造云服务按需获取和使用过程中的三个核心关键技术。首先,以云服务检索过程中精度、效率和个性化的集成优化为目标,研究多维度的云服务语义检索和匹配技术的原理和算法,对所提方法进行评估验证；然后,提出并阐述人机交互式云服务组合方法的原理,研究该方法中的制造云服务组合模型、反向推理和前向推理策略、云服务组合的检查与建议等问题；最后,提出按需求设计模式中的云服务设计过程模型,分析其中云服务的拓扑结构。
第五章研究制造云服务按需组织和管理的内在原理和核心关键技术。首先分析制造云服务按需组织和管理的自组织能力；然后提出基于Web2.0的云服务组织和管理内容,建立云服务组织和管理的自组织机制；接着,详细研究其中基于大众标签的云服务柔性分类、基于维基和掘客的云服务标准协同共建、基于标签和维基的领域本体共建这三个关键技术。
第六章将前述章节在模式和技术方面的研究成果应用于模具行业云服务按需供应平台。首先分析我国模具行业存在的问题及造成这些问题的原因；针对这些问题,开发了一个模具云服务按需供应平台,阐述模具云服务按需供应平台的实现框架及主要实现技术；然后分别选取云服务建模和演化、云服务按需获取和使用、云服务按需组织和管理等方面的若干应用案例来验证前述章节提出的按需供应模式和技术的可行性和有效性；最后提出模具云服务按需供应平台的发展模式,展望平台的发展愿景。
第七章总结全文工作和创新点,展望后续的研究工作。
In the general backgroud of manufacturing informationization and servitization, aiming at the limitations of some traditional networked manufacturing modes, through using the mode and technology of cloud computing for reference, a new networked manufacturing mode named cloud manufacturing is arising. Cloud manufacturing comprehensively uses various information technology, manufacturing technology and management technology, through virtualization and servitization of manufacturing hardware and software resources which are massive, heterogeneous, distributed and the manufacturing whole life circle oriented, to form a unified manufacturing cloud service pool, through building a cloud manufacturing service platform to uniformly, centrally, on-demand and intelligently manage and operate manufacturing cloud services, thereby to provide reliable, high quality, cheap and on-demand manufacturing services for various users, sequentially to support convenient, dynamic business collaboration between enterprises, at last to promote manufacturing resources optimization allocation within the scope of the wide area.
Cloud manufacturing service platform brings a large number of services to users, at the same time, brings the problem of matching between services and user demands:How to utilize massive amounts of resources and services to supply user-needed and satisfied service to user according to various different kinds of demands of users, how to organize and manage massive amounts of services in the platform to promote the ordering of services according to the demands of the masses of users. Thereby, the on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service is one of the key problems and core characteristics of cloud manufacturing. Aiming at the shortages of the researches about on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service, in order to effectively support engineering application of on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service, this dissertation researchs the problem of on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service from three levels of mode, technolgy and application, at last to promote on-demand ordering of organizing and managing massive amounts of cloud service in cloud manufacturing environment, and to support enterprises to obtain and use manufacturing resource on demand. The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
In chapter1, at first, the background of generating cloud manufacturing is elaborated, the connotation of cloud manufacturing is analysed; Secondly, the current research status of cloud manufacturing is dissected; On the above basis, the connotation and denotation of on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service are prensented, the significance and research shortages of on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service are analysed; Finally, aiming at the shortages of the researches about on-demand supply of cloud service, the main content and structure of the dissertation are given.
In chapter2, the architecture for on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service is researched. Firstly, one concept named customer demand decoupling point(CDDP) is put forward, based on the position of CDDP in the cloud service supply process, the on-demand supply mode of cloud service is divided into four sub-modes, including provide-to-demand, combine-to-demand, engineer-to-demand and research-to-demand, the overall architecture for on-demand supply mode of cloud service is put forward, and its inherent principle is analysed; Secondly, based on the architecture for on-demand supply mode, a process model of on-demand supply of cloud service is proposed, to guide the on-demand supply problems in different situations and different precondition, furthermore, the platform architecture for on-demand supply of cloud service is established; Finally, the technology system of the key technologies of on-demand supply mode is established.
In chapter3, meta-modeling technology for manufacturing cloud service supporting evolution is researched, the problems of evolution method and evolution management of cloud service are integratedly considered at the same time of the cloud service modeling stage. Firstly, the modeling requirements of manufacturing cloud service are analysed, then the meta-modeling framework for cloud service supporting evolution is put forward; Especially, the meta-model architecture for cloud service in the semantic representation layer of this framework is studied. In the meta-meta-model layer, the formal definition and conceptual model of cloud service are presented. In the meta-model layer, the model structure of business master object, business meta object and business meta data as well as the model structure of evolution operation object and evolution log object are elaborated. In the model layer, cloud service ontology is established based on Web Ontology Language; On the above basis, the evolution process model of cloud service is presented.
In chapter4, three key technologies in the process of on-demand obtaining and using cloud service are researched. Firstly, in order to integratedly optimize accuracy, efficiency and personality in the process of retrieving cloud service, the principle and algorithm of multidimensional semantic retrieval and matchmaking of cloud service technolgy are studied, then this method is evaluated and validated; Secondly, the principle of man-machine interactive cloud service composition method is proposed and elaborated, some problems of this composition method are studied, including composition model of manufacturing cloud service, forward reasoning and backward reasoning strategy, check and advice of cloud service composition; Finally, a design process model of cloud service in the engineer-to-demand mode is proposed, and its cloud service's topological structure is analysed.
In chapter5, the inherent principle and key technologies of on-demand organizing and managing manufacturing cloud service are researched. The self-organization ability of on-demand organizing and managing cloud service is analysed firstly; Then the content of organizing and managing cloud service based on Web2.0is proposed, and the self-organization mechanism of organizing and managing cloud service is builded; On the above basis, three key technologies, including cloud service flexible classification based on masses tag, cloud service standard collaborative construction based on wiki and digg, domain ontology collaborative construction based on tag and wiki, ard studied in detail.
In chapter6, the foregoing chapters' research achievements in the mode and technology aspects are applied to cloud service on-demand supply platform for mould industry. Firstly, the problems and their reasons in the Chinese mold industry are analysed; Secondly, aiming at these problems, a mould cloud service on-demand supply platform is developed, the implementation framework and its main implementation technologies of this mould cloud service on-demand supply platform are elaborated; Then several application cases selected from cloud service modeling and evolution, cloud service on-demand obtaining and using, cloud service on-demand organizating and managing are provided for further demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the on-demand supply mode and technolgy proposed by foregoing chapters; Finally, the development mode of mould cloud service on-demand supply platform is proposed, and the development vision of the platform is outlooked.
In chapter7, all achievements and innovations of this dissertation are summarized and the future research direction is put forward.
云制造服务平台在给用户带来大量服务的同时,也产生了服务与用户需求的匹配问题：如何根据用户各种不同性质的需求,利用平台中的海量资源和服务,为用户供应所需的满意服务；如何根据广大用户的需求,组织和管理平台中的海量服务,促进服务的有序化。因此,制造云服务的按需供应是云制造的关键问题和核心特征之一。本文针对制造云服务按需供应研究存在的不足,以有效支持制造云服务按需供应模式的工程化应用为目的,从模式、技术和应用三个层面上来研究制造云服务的按需供应问题,以促进云制造环境下海量云服务组织和管理的按需有序化,支持企业按需获取和使用制造资源。论文主要内容如下：
第一章首先阐述云制造产生的背景,分析云制造的内涵；接着对云制造的研究现状进行剖析；在此基础上,给出制造云服务按需供应模式的内涵和外延,分析云服务按需供应模式的重要性及其研究之不足；针对云服务按需供应研究的不足,给出论文研究的主要内容与结构。
第二章研究制造云服务按需供应模式的体系结构。首先,提出客户需求分离点的概念,基于客户需求分离点在云服务供应过程中的位置,将云服务按需供应模式分为按需求提供、按需求组合、按需求设计和按需求研发四类子模式,提出云服务按需供应模式的整体架构,分析其内在原理；接着基于按需供应模式的整体架构,提出云服务按需供应的过程模型,以指导不同情景、不同前提下的按需供应问题,并构建云服务按需供应的平台框架；最后总结分析按需供应模式的实现所涉及的技术体系。
第三章研究支持演化的制造云服务元建模技术,在云服务的建模阶段即集成地考虑云服务的演化方法和演化管理问题。首先分析制造云服务的建模需求,提出支持演化的云服务元建模框架；着重研究框架语义表示层中的云服务元模型架构。在元元模型层,给出云服务的形式化定义及概念模型。在元模型层,阐述云服务业务主对象、业务元对象和业务元数据的模型结构及演化操作对象、演化日志对象的模型结构。在云服务模型层,基于Web本体描述语言建立云服务本体；最后提出云服务的演化过程模型。
第四章研究制造云服务按需获取和使用过程中的三个核心关键技术。首先,以云服务检索过程中精度、效率和个性化的集成优化为目标,研究多维度的云服务语义检索和匹配技术的原理和算法,对所提方法进行评估验证；然后,提出并阐述人机交互式云服务组合方法的原理,研究该方法中的制造云服务组合模型、反向推理和前向推理策略、云服务组合的检查与建议等问题；最后,提出按需求设计模式中的云服务设计过程模型,分析其中云服务的拓扑结构。
第五章研究制造云服务按需组织和管理的内在原理和核心关键技术。首先分析制造云服务按需组织和管理的自组织能力；然后提出基于Web2.0的云服务组织和管理内容,建立云服务组织和管理的自组织机制；接着,详细研究其中基于大众标签的云服务柔性分类、基于维基和掘客的云服务标准协同共建、基于标签和维基的领域本体共建这三个关键技术。
第六章将前述章节在模式和技术方面的研究成果应用于模具行业云服务按需供应平台。首先分析我国模具行业存在的问题及造成这些问题的原因；针对这些问题,开发了一个模具云服务按需供应平台,阐述模具云服务按需供应平台的实现框架及主要实现技术；然后分别选取云服务建模和演化、云服务按需获取和使用、云服务按需组织和管理等方面的若干应用案例来验证前述章节提出的按需供应模式和技术的可行性和有效性；最后提出模具云服务按需供应平台的发展模式,展望平台的发展愿景。
第七章总结全文工作和创新点,展望后续的研究工作。
In the general backgroud of manufacturing informationization and servitization, aiming at the limitations of some traditional networked manufacturing modes, through using the mode and technology of cloud computing for reference, a new networked manufacturing mode named cloud manufacturing is arising. Cloud manufacturing comprehensively uses various information technology, manufacturing technology and management technology, through virtualization and servitization of manufacturing hardware and software resources which are massive, heterogeneous, distributed and the manufacturing whole life circle oriented, to form a unified manufacturing cloud service pool, through building a cloud manufacturing service platform to uniformly, centrally, on-demand and intelligently manage and operate manufacturing cloud services, thereby to provide reliable, high quality, cheap and on-demand manufacturing services for various users, sequentially to support convenient, dynamic business collaboration between enterprises, at last to promote manufacturing resources optimization allocation within the scope of the wide area.
Cloud manufacturing service platform brings a large number of services to users, at the same time, brings the problem of matching between services and user demands:How to utilize massive amounts of resources and services to supply user-needed and satisfied service to user according to various different kinds of demands of users, how to organize and manage massive amounts of services in the platform to promote the ordering of services according to the demands of the masses of users. Thereby, the on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service is one of the key problems and core characteristics of cloud manufacturing. Aiming at the shortages of the researches about on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service, in order to effectively support engineering application of on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service, this dissertation researchs the problem of on-demand supply of manufacturing cloud service from three levels of mode, technolgy and application, at last to promote on-demand ordering of organizing and managing massive amounts of cloud service in cloud manufacturing environment, and to support enterprises to obtain and use manufacturing resource on demand. The main content of this dissertation is as follows:
In chapter1, at first, the background of generating cloud manufacturing is elaborated, the connotation of cloud manufacturing is analysed; Secondly, the current research status of cloud manufacturing is dissected; On the above basis, the connotation and denotation of on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service are prensented, the significance and research shortages of on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service are analysed; Finally, aiming at the shortages of the researches about on-demand supply of cloud service, the main content and structure of the dissertation are given.
In chapter2, the architecture for on-demand supply mode of manufacturing cloud service is researched. Firstly, one concept named customer demand decoupling point(CDDP) is put forward, based on the position of CDDP in the cloud service supply process, the on-demand supply mode of cloud service is divided into four sub-modes, including provide-to-demand, combine-to-demand, engineer-to-demand and research-to-demand, the overall architecture for on-demand supply mode of cloud service is put forward, and its inherent principle is analysed; Secondly, based on the architecture for on-demand supply mode, a process model of on-demand supply of cloud service is proposed, to guide the on-demand supply problems in different situations and different precondition, furthermore, the platform architecture for on-demand supply of cloud service is established; Finally, the technology system of the key technologies of on-demand supply mode is established.
In chapter3, meta-modeling technology for manufacturing cloud service supporting evolution is researched, the problems of evolution method and evolution management of cloud service are integratedly considered at the same time of the cloud service modeling stage. Firstly, the modeling requirements of manufacturing cloud service are analysed, then the meta-modeling framework for cloud service supporting evolution is put forward; Especially, the meta-model architecture for cloud service in the semantic representation layer of this framework is studied. In the meta-meta-model layer, the formal definition and conceptual model of cloud service are presented. In the meta-model layer, the model structure of business master object, business meta object and business meta data as well as the model structure of evolution operation object and evolution log object are elaborated. In the model layer, cloud service ontology is established based on Web Ontology Language; On the above basis, the evolution process model of cloud service is presented.
In chapter4, three key technologies in the process of on-demand obtaining and using cloud service are researched. Firstly, in order to integratedly optimize accuracy, efficiency and personality in the process of retrieving cloud service, the principle and algorithm of multidimensional semantic retrieval and matchmaking of cloud service technolgy are studied, then this method is evaluated and validated; Secondly, the principle of man-machine interactive cloud service composition method is proposed and elaborated, some problems of this composition method are studied, including composition model of manufacturing cloud service, forward reasoning and backward reasoning strategy, check and advice of cloud service composition; Finally, a design process model of cloud service in the engineer-to-demand mode is proposed, and its cloud service's topological structure is analysed.
In chapter5, the inherent principle and key technologies of on-demand organizing and managing manufacturing cloud service are researched. The self-organization ability of on-demand organizing and managing cloud service is analysed firstly; Then the content of organizing and managing cloud service based on Web2.0is proposed, and the self-organization mechanism of organizing and managing cloud service is builded; On the above basis, three key technologies, including cloud service flexible classification based on masses tag, cloud service standard collaborative construction based on wiki and digg, domain ontology collaborative construction based on tag and wiki, ard studied in detail.
In chapter6, the foregoing chapters' research achievements in the mode and technology aspects are applied to cloud service on-demand supply platform for mould industry. Firstly, the problems and their reasons in the Chinese mold industry are analysed; Secondly, aiming at these problems, a mould cloud service on-demand supply platform is developed, the implementation framework and its main implementation technologies of this mould cloud service on-demand supply platform are elaborated; Then several application cases selected from cloud service modeling and evolution, cloud service on-demand obtaining and using, cloud service on-demand organizating and managing are provided for further demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the on-demand supply mode and technolgy proposed by foregoing chapters; Finally, the development mode of mould cloud service on-demand supply platform is proposed, and the development vision of the platform is outlooked.
In chapter7, all achievements and innovations of this dissertation are summarized and the future research direction is put forward.
引文
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