地质雷达成像实验研究
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摘要
地质雷达是利用高频反射电磁波来探测近地表地质介质电性结构的一种高分辨率地球物理探测方法，具有探测精度高、操作灵活方便等特点，在工程地基础勘查、工程质量检测甚至考古等领域都有广泛的应用。地质雷达探测深度及精度主要由介质电导率、介电常数、天线中心频率等决定、受时空采样率收发天线间距及探测场地干扰等因素影响。如何准确选取合适的系统参数和观测方式、如何处理探测场地干扰因素以及准确估算勘探区域的地电参数等是地质雷达工程实践过程中亟待解决的问题。
本文从电磁波的传播规律及地质雷达的工作原理入手，分析总结了部分典型地下介质的地质雷达理论分辨率极限；以正演模拟实验为手段，详细分析了影响地质雷达探测深度和分辨率的因素，同时讨论了电性参数、系统参数、收发天线间距等对地质雷达成像精度的影响；从实际资料处理入手，研究发展了不同干扰的消减方法；以实验场高清钻孔录像为标定，研究了地质雷达图像的分辨能力。
论文的主要成果如下：
(1)基于数值模拟实验，首次系统分析了电性参数和系统参数对地质雷达成像的影响。
(2)系统分析了FIR滤波器、小波变换和主成分分析方法消减随机噪声与相干噪声上的效果，认为FIR带通滤波器和小波变换对随机干扰有较好抑制能力，而主成分分析滤波器对相干噪声有更好的消减效果。
(3)以高清钻孔录像为参照首次实验研究了地质雷达图像对厘米级精细地质结构的分辨能力，证明Mhz级工作频率条件下，能分辨出厘米级的地质结构，实验同时表明，地质雷达的频散严重，对结果解释有很大影响。
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) may be used to explore the electrical structuredistribution of near-surface medium by reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.As a high-resolution geophysical method with some characteristics such as high detectionaccuracy, flexible operation, and name a few, GPR has widely been applied to a variety offields, for example, the engineering geological exploration, engineering quality detection,archaeological probing, and so on. The depth and accuracy of GPR exploration is mainlydecided by conductivity, dielectric constant, the antenna center frequency, etc., and ismainly affected by the space-time sampling rate, the distance of transmitting and receivingantenna, the interference from detection site, and so forth. How to accurately select theappropriate system parameters and modes of observation, and how to deal with theinterference factors of exploration site, as well as an accurate estimate electrical parametersof the exploration area are the problems to be solved in GPR engineering practice.
This paper analyzes and summarizes the theoretical resolution limit of GPR in sometypical subsurface medium based on propagation rules of electromagnetic wave and workprinciples of GPR. Using a tool of forward modeling, we give a detailed analysis of thefactors that affect the depth and resolution of GPR, and discuss the impact of the electricalparameters, system parameters, and the distance of transmitting and receiving antenna onthe accuracy of GPR imaging. At the same time, we research and provide differentdenoising methods for field data. Moreover, we study the discriminative ability of GPRimaging by the calibration with high-definition drilling video.
The main productions of this paper are described as follows.
(1) Based on numerical simulations, this paper is the first to analyze systematically the impact of the electrical parameters and system parameters on GPR imaging.
(2) This paper shows a systematic analysis of the FIR filter, wavelet transform andprincipal component analysis methods to abate the effect of random noise and coherentnoise, and presents a conclusion that the FIR band-pass filter and wavelet transformhave the better ability to suppress random interference, while the principal componentanalysis filter can obtain the preferable results to eliminate coherent noise.
(3) This paper presents the first experiment to study the discriminative ability of GPRimaging of fine geological structure with centimeter-level by the calibration withhigh-definition drilling video, and verifies that GPR can discriminate the geologicalstructure with centimeter-level in operating frequency with MHz level. Moreover, theexperiment also shows that the dispersion of GPR is serious and has a significantimpact on the interpretation of results.
本文从电磁波的传播规律及地质雷达的工作原理入手，分析总结了部分典型地下介质的地质雷达理论分辨率极限；以正演模拟实验为手段，详细分析了影响地质雷达探测深度和分辨率的因素，同时讨论了电性参数、系统参数、收发天线间距等对地质雷达成像精度的影响；从实际资料处理入手，研究发展了不同干扰的消减方法；以实验场高清钻孔录像为标定，研究了地质雷达图像的分辨能力。
论文的主要成果如下：
(1)基于数值模拟实验，首次系统分析了电性参数和系统参数对地质雷达成像的影响。
(2)系统分析了FIR滤波器、小波变换和主成分分析方法消减随机噪声与相干噪声上的效果，认为FIR带通滤波器和小波变换对随机干扰有较好抑制能力，而主成分分析滤波器对相干噪声有更好的消减效果。
(3)以高清钻孔录像为参照首次实验研究了地质雷达图像对厘米级精细地质结构的分辨能力，证明Mhz级工作频率条件下，能分辨出厘米级的地质结构，实验同时表明，地质雷达的频散严重，对结果解释有很大影响。
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) may be used to explore the electrical structuredistribution of near-surface medium by reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.As a high-resolution geophysical method with some characteristics such as high detectionaccuracy, flexible operation, and name a few, GPR has widely been applied to a variety offields, for example, the engineering geological exploration, engineering quality detection,archaeological probing, and so on. The depth and accuracy of GPR exploration is mainlydecided by conductivity, dielectric constant, the antenna center frequency, etc., and ismainly affected by the space-time sampling rate, the distance of transmitting and receivingantenna, the interference from detection site, and so forth. How to accurately select theappropriate system parameters and modes of observation, and how to deal with theinterference factors of exploration site, as well as an accurate estimate electrical parametersof the exploration area are the problems to be solved in GPR engineering practice.
This paper analyzes and summarizes the theoretical resolution limit of GPR in sometypical subsurface medium based on propagation rules of electromagnetic wave and workprinciples of GPR. Using a tool of forward modeling, we give a detailed analysis of thefactors that affect the depth and resolution of GPR, and discuss the impact of the electricalparameters, system parameters, and the distance of transmitting and receiving antenna onthe accuracy of GPR imaging. At the same time, we research and provide differentdenoising methods for field data. Moreover, we study the discriminative ability of GPRimaging by the calibration with high-definition drilling video.
The main productions of this paper are described as follows.
(1) Based on numerical simulations, this paper is the first to analyze systematically the impact of the electrical parameters and system parameters on GPR imaging.
(2) This paper shows a systematic analysis of the FIR filter, wavelet transform andprincipal component analysis methods to abate the effect of random noise and coherentnoise, and presents a conclusion that the FIR band-pass filter and wavelet transformhave the better ability to suppress random interference, while the principal componentanalysis filter can obtain the preferable results to eliminate coherent noise.
(3) This paper presents the first experiment to study the discriminative ability of GPRimaging of fine geological structure with centimeter-level by the calibration withhigh-definition drilling video, and verifies that GPR can discriminate the geologicalstructure with centimeter-level in operating frequency with MHz level. Moreover, theexperiment also shows that the dispersion of GPR is serious and has a significantimpact on the interpretation of results.
引文
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