考虑锚杆预应力作用的锚固边坡稳定性研究
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摘要
岩土边坡的失稳破坏一直是岩土工程建设中经常遇到的主要灾害之一,正确评价边坡的稳定性,防患于未然,对于确保生产建设与人民生命财产安全有着重要意义。预应力锚杆支护结构、框架预应力锚杆支护结构、土钉复合锚杆支护结构作为新型锚固结构,尽管已在工程实践中得到广泛应用,但目前在许多理论和应用上,仍存在许多问题。本文依托国家科技支撑计划项目：《白龙江流域滑坡泥石流工程防治技术研究与示范(2011BAK12B07),并结合工程实例,对预应力锚杆支护边坡、框架预应力锚杆支护边坡和土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析方法进行研究,完成的工作及取得的成果如下：
(1)首先,基于边坡圆弧滑动破坏,根据极限平衡理论和条分法,建立附加应力作用下边坡的稳定性分析模型,给出附加应力作用下边坡的安全系数计算公式。然后,将锚杆预应力作为集中力考虑,根据半平面体在边界上受法向集中力时应力的计算方法,估算预应力在支护边坡土体中引起的附加应力,从而将锚杆预应力的作用转化为了附加应力的作用,进一步应用附加应力作用下边坡的安全系数计算公式,计算预应力锚杆支护边坡的安全系数,实现考虑预应力作用的锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析与计算。最终,解决预应力在锚杆支护边坡设计中没有被充分考虑的问题。通过MATLAB编程实现了最危险滑移面搜索,为此方法的计算结果提供了一个可视化的输出；通过数值模拟与工程算例,对比分析了附加应力分量、预应力大小、锚杆布置对支护边坡稳定性的影响,并验证了本文方法合理性。
(2)分析框架预应力锚杆支护结构的加固机理,基于圆弧滑动破坏,将框架与滑动区看作整体,并作为刚体,稳定区作为弹性地基,将预应力作为集中力作用于滑体上,求得弹性地基对滑体的反力,根据极限平衡理论和条分法,给出框架预应力锚杆支护边坡稳定性分析计算的一种简化方法。将该方法采用MATLAB编程,实现最危险滑移面搜索过程的可视化,通过算例分析并与现有边坡分析软件进行对比,验证了该方法的适用性。对框架预应力锚杆支护结构进行室内大比例模型试验,对预应力锚杆工作性能、锚杆的轴力、框架结构位移的变化规律进行了试验研究。根据试验测试结果,验证了本文所述理论计算方法的可行性和合理性。
(3)通过数值模拟,对土钉复合锚杆支护结构的加固机理与工作性能进行深入分析,得出以下结论：1)土钉墙中加入预应力锚杆,能够更好地控制基坑的水平位移,相比之下,对基坑竖向位移的控制要弱一些；2)施工中安装锚杆并施加预应力后,锚杆附近已完工土钉的轴力减小,随后施工的土钉轴力受到限制。对土钉复合锚杆支护基坑进行监测,验证了数值模拟得出的结论。此外,监测实验还表明,由于预应力的作用,使得土钉轴力在施工过程中增加缓慢。
(4)结合土钉复合锚杆支护边坡数值模拟与监测实验的结论,将支护结构中锚杆和土钉的作用划分开来,把锚杆附近一定范围内的土钉在稳定性分析和计算中忽略,作为安全储备,该范围以外土钉的作用在计算中予以考虑,而该范围以内的土体是受到预应力作用的土体,从而结合已有的土钉墙的稳定性分析方法,和本文的考虑预应力作用的锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析方法,建立土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析模型,给出土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的安全系数计算公式。该方法既考虑了锚杆的预应力作用,又考虑了未受影响的土钉的作用,使得在土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析中能够给出定量结果。将该方法采用MATLAB编程,实现最危险滑移面搜索过程的可视化,通过算例分析验证了该方法的适用性。
Geotechnical slope failure has always been one of the major disasters witch encounters in geotechnical engineering construction. The correct evaluation of the slope stability, nip in the bud, is important to ensure the security of production and construction and people's property. As new supporting structures, prestressed anchor supporting structure, frame with prestressed anchor supporting structure and soil nail composite prestressed anchor supporting structure have been widely used in geotechnical engineering. But at present, there are still many problems on many theories and applications about thus three supporting structures. This paper is based on the National Science and Technology Support Project:Landslide and Debris Flow Projects Prevention Technology Research and Demonstration in Bailong River Basin (2011BAK12B07). The stability analysis method about slope supported by prestressed anchor, frame with prestressed anchor and soil nail composite anchor is studied combined with practical engineering. The main work and conclusion gained are listed as follows:
(1) First of all, based on the circular sliding failure of slope, according to limit equilibrium theory and slice method, the slope stability analysis model was established under the effect of additional stress, and then the safety factor calculation formula was given. Then, anchor prestress was considered as a concentrated force, according to the stress calculating method for the half plane body boundary with the effect of normal concentration, the additional stress caused by prestress in the slope supported was estimated. The effect of anchor prestress was turn to additional stress, then the safety factor of slope supported by prestressed anchor was calculated by using the safety factor calculation formula under the effect of additional stress. The stability analysis and calculation of slope supported by anchors with prestress was achieved. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized by MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. Comparative analysis for the effects on the stability with the additional stress components, the prestress value and the anchor arrangement of the supporting structures were carried out by the numerical simulation and engineering examples. The rationality of the method in this paper was verified.
(2)Analyzed the mechanism of frame supporting structure with prestressed anchor, based on the circular sliding failure of slope, treated the frame and sliding zone as a whole rigid body, the stable zone as an elastic foundation, and the prestress as concentrated force on the rigid body, calculated the reaction on the slip body from elastic foundation. According to limit equilibrium theory and slice method, a simplified model for stability analysis of frame supporting slope with prestressed anchor was given. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized through MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. The applicability of the method in this paper was verified, through engineering examples and comparing to slope analysis software. The rationality was verified through testing the performance, anchor axial force, and frame displacement of the frame supporting structure with prestressed anchor.
(3)The mechanism and performance of soil nailing wall composite prestressed anchor were deep analyzed through numerical simulation. The follow conclusion were drawn:1) Horizontal displacement of foundation pit was limited effectively by adding prestressed anchors to the soil nailing wall, in comparison, the vertical displacement was limited weakly.2) After anchor install completed, the axial force of completed soil reduced and the axial force of succedent completed soil nails was limited with increasing slowly. A foundation pit was monitored, and the conclusion from numerical simulation was verified.
(4)According to the conclusion drawn by the numerical simulation and monitoring of the soil nailing wall composite anchor, divided the roles of anchor and soil nails. Treated the soil nails in the zone near the prestressed anchor as safety reserve, the role of them was ignored in stability analysis. The soil in the zone was strengthened by the prestress. The method for stability analysis of soil nailing wall and slope supported with prestressed anchor combined together to establish the model of soil nailing wall composite anchor. Then the safety factor calculation formula was given, the roles of anchor prestress and soil nails were both considered in this method, so, quantitative result was given in stability analysis of soil nailing wall composite anchor. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized through MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. The applicability of the method in this paper was verified by engineering examples.
(1)首先,基于边坡圆弧滑动破坏,根据极限平衡理论和条分法,建立附加应力作用下边坡的稳定性分析模型,给出附加应力作用下边坡的安全系数计算公式。然后,将锚杆预应力作为集中力考虑,根据半平面体在边界上受法向集中力时应力的计算方法,估算预应力在支护边坡土体中引起的附加应力,从而将锚杆预应力的作用转化为了附加应力的作用,进一步应用附加应力作用下边坡的安全系数计算公式,计算预应力锚杆支护边坡的安全系数,实现考虑预应力作用的锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析与计算。最终,解决预应力在锚杆支护边坡设计中没有被充分考虑的问题。通过MATLAB编程实现了最危险滑移面搜索,为此方法的计算结果提供了一个可视化的输出；通过数值模拟与工程算例,对比分析了附加应力分量、预应力大小、锚杆布置对支护边坡稳定性的影响,并验证了本文方法合理性。
(2)分析框架预应力锚杆支护结构的加固机理,基于圆弧滑动破坏,将框架与滑动区看作整体,并作为刚体,稳定区作为弹性地基,将预应力作为集中力作用于滑体上,求得弹性地基对滑体的反力,根据极限平衡理论和条分法,给出框架预应力锚杆支护边坡稳定性分析计算的一种简化方法。将该方法采用MATLAB编程,实现最危险滑移面搜索过程的可视化,通过算例分析并与现有边坡分析软件进行对比,验证了该方法的适用性。对框架预应力锚杆支护结构进行室内大比例模型试验,对预应力锚杆工作性能、锚杆的轴力、框架结构位移的变化规律进行了试验研究。根据试验测试结果,验证了本文所述理论计算方法的可行性和合理性。
(3)通过数值模拟,对土钉复合锚杆支护结构的加固机理与工作性能进行深入分析,得出以下结论：1)土钉墙中加入预应力锚杆,能够更好地控制基坑的水平位移,相比之下,对基坑竖向位移的控制要弱一些；2)施工中安装锚杆并施加预应力后,锚杆附近已完工土钉的轴力减小,随后施工的土钉轴力受到限制。对土钉复合锚杆支护基坑进行监测,验证了数值模拟得出的结论。此外,监测实验还表明,由于预应力的作用,使得土钉轴力在施工过程中增加缓慢。
(4)结合土钉复合锚杆支护边坡数值模拟与监测实验的结论,将支护结构中锚杆和土钉的作用划分开来,把锚杆附近一定范围内的土钉在稳定性分析和计算中忽略,作为安全储备,该范围以外土钉的作用在计算中予以考虑,而该范围以内的土体是受到预应力作用的土体,从而结合已有的土钉墙的稳定性分析方法,和本文的考虑预应力作用的锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析方法,建立土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析模型,给出土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的安全系数计算公式。该方法既考虑了锚杆的预应力作用,又考虑了未受影响的土钉的作用,使得在土钉复合锚杆支护边坡的稳定性分析中能够给出定量结果。将该方法采用MATLAB编程,实现最危险滑移面搜索过程的可视化,通过算例分析验证了该方法的适用性。
Geotechnical slope failure has always been one of the major disasters witch encounters in geotechnical engineering construction. The correct evaluation of the slope stability, nip in the bud, is important to ensure the security of production and construction and people's property. As new supporting structures, prestressed anchor supporting structure, frame with prestressed anchor supporting structure and soil nail composite prestressed anchor supporting structure have been widely used in geotechnical engineering. But at present, there are still many problems on many theories and applications about thus three supporting structures. This paper is based on the National Science and Technology Support Project:Landslide and Debris Flow Projects Prevention Technology Research and Demonstration in Bailong River Basin (2011BAK12B07). The stability analysis method about slope supported by prestressed anchor, frame with prestressed anchor and soil nail composite anchor is studied combined with practical engineering. The main work and conclusion gained are listed as follows:
(1) First of all, based on the circular sliding failure of slope, according to limit equilibrium theory and slice method, the slope stability analysis model was established under the effect of additional stress, and then the safety factor calculation formula was given. Then, anchor prestress was considered as a concentrated force, according to the stress calculating method for the half plane body boundary with the effect of normal concentration, the additional stress caused by prestress in the slope supported was estimated. The effect of anchor prestress was turn to additional stress, then the safety factor of slope supported by prestressed anchor was calculated by using the safety factor calculation formula under the effect of additional stress. The stability analysis and calculation of slope supported by anchors with prestress was achieved. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized by MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. Comparative analysis for the effects on the stability with the additional stress components, the prestress value and the anchor arrangement of the supporting structures were carried out by the numerical simulation and engineering examples. The rationality of the method in this paper was verified.
(2)Analyzed the mechanism of frame supporting structure with prestressed anchor, based on the circular sliding failure of slope, treated the frame and sliding zone as a whole rigid body, the stable zone as an elastic foundation, and the prestress as concentrated force on the rigid body, calculated the reaction on the slip body from elastic foundation. According to limit equilibrium theory and slice method, a simplified model for stability analysis of frame supporting slope with prestressed anchor was given. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized through MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. The applicability of the method in this paper was verified, through engineering examples and comparing to slope analysis software. The rationality was verified through testing the performance, anchor axial force, and frame displacement of the frame supporting structure with prestressed anchor.
(3)The mechanism and performance of soil nailing wall composite prestressed anchor were deep analyzed through numerical simulation. The follow conclusion were drawn:1) Horizontal displacement of foundation pit was limited effectively by adding prestressed anchors to the soil nailing wall, in comparison, the vertical displacement was limited weakly.2) After anchor install completed, the axial force of completed soil reduced and the axial force of succedent completed soil nails was limited with increasing slowly. A foundation pit was monitored, and the conclusion from numerical simulation was verified.
(4)According to the conclusion drawn by the numerical simulation and monitoring of the soil nailing wall composite anchor, divided the roles of anchor and soil nails. Treated the soil nails in the zone near the prestressed anchor as safety reserve, the role of them was ignored in stability analysis. The soil in the zone was strengthened by the prestress. The method for stability analysis of soil nailing wall and slope supported with prestressed anchor combined together to establish the model of soil nailing wall composite anchor. Then the safety factor calculation formula was given, the roles of anchor prestress and soil nails were both considered in this method, so, quantitative result was given in stability analysis of soil nailing wall composite anchor. The most dangerous sliding surface search was realized through MATLAB programming, the programming also provides a visualization output for the calculation result. The applicability of the method in this paper was verified by engineering examples.
引文
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