社会互动的理论与实证研究评析
|
摘要
人们日常生活中的决策往往受到别人的影响,时尚、榜样、攀比、随大流等词汇的流行可以说明这一点。个人行为与他人行为之间的相互影响是社会学和社会心理学的热点问题,然而在以研究个人选择问题著称的经济学中长期没有得到重视。现代经济学中关于个人选择研究的主流范式是理性选择理论。每个人都被抽象成具有理性偏好的“理性人”,即他对选择集里面的所有选项的偏好满足完备性和传递性。理性的偏好可以用效用函数来表示,个人的最优选择问题就转化为预算约束下的效用最大化。完全竞争市场上所有的理性人各自独立的对市场信号做出反应以最大化自己的效用,最终形成均衡的价格和资源配置。在这个过程中每个人的偏好都是独立于其他人,人和人之间仅通过市场价格间接地相互联系。这样个人选择的社会影响因素就被完全忽视了。这一状况在最近20年,特别是最近10年的经济学研究中正在发生显著的变化,经济学的理论和实证研究越来越重视社会因素对个人行为的影响及其产生机制。人与人之间的影响是相互的,经济学家们用“社会互动”来指称这种社会环境中的相互影响。社会互动理论或者“社会互动的经济分析”就成为这方面研究的一个统称。
社会互动理论已经被广泛应用于分析犯罪率、城市贫困、福利中请、生育率、住房需求与城市发展、就业、学生成绩等多方面的问题,产生出许多新的见解,弥补了主流经济学在这些问题上的不足之处,有很大的理论和应用价值。不过由于社会互动研究是新兴的经济学研究领域,许多研究角度和思路各异的理论同时发展,这些理论虽然围绕相近的主题但又关系松散,没有形成统一的理论体系。本论文的研究目的有两个,一个是对现有的社会互动研究进行梳理以期得到一个社会互动研究的框架体系,另一个是对社会互动研究的主要理论进行评介
对社会互动的逻辑自洽的研究需要对互动的过程做出清晰的概念化,什么是社会互动?进行互动的个体是什么?他们是怎样互动的?社会科学还没有对这些基本的问题形成统一的答案。本文的导论部分比较了经济学、社会学和社会心理学对社会互动的不同定义,并且从经济学的视角出发给出了一个社会互动的概念化框架。
本文的第2章是对国内外社会互动研究现状的一个初步评估,以使为接下来的研究找到出发点。国内的社会互动研究尚处于起步阶段,本文择要做了简单介绍。社会互动的实证研究虽然也包罗万象,但其面临的主要问题和解决方法都已有了系统的研究,本文在那里做了重点介绍。
为了从纷繁芜杂的众多社会互动理论中梳理出比较清晰的脉络,第3章从社会互动的先行者的理论思想入手,从源流上把握社会互动理论发展的线索。凡勃伦的炫耀性消费理论被认为是最早的社会互动理论,杜森贝里的相对收入假说和雷本斯坦对势利效应的研究与炫耀性消费理论一脉相承,都以个人的消费行为作为研究的着眼点。贝克尔用他的“新消费理论”的思想把社会互动的影响从个人的消费行为推广到各种选择行为,并开始探讨个人对社会影响因素的控制能力问题。贝克尔早期和近期对社会互动的看法有着很大的差异,体现了社会互动问题的复杂性。谢林的社会互动研究着眼点和前述几位经济学家的都不同,因为他关心的问题不是社会互动对个人行为的影响而是对整体的后果的影响。当个体的行为之间存在社会互动效应这种外部性时,整体的均衡结果可能与个人的动机大相径庭。
社会互动发生的机制和表现形式是理解社会互动的关键,第4章对此做了考察。社会学和社会心理学的一些理论对理解社会互动的发生机制很有指导意义,所以第4章考察了社会学和社会心理学中的相关理论,包括米德的自我理论和符号互动论以及参照群体理论,社会因素的影响既可能是在个人的社会化过程中潜移默化的,比如一些文化特征的代际传递,也可能是通过同群压力或者社会学习效应发生的。然后遵循这些线索的指引对文化传递和社会学习进行了考察,它们都是社会互动发生的重要途径。
第5章讨论的是阿克洛夫对社会结构与身份的研究,这是对社会因素影响个人行为的另一种视角。阿克洛夫的理论与前述贝克尔等人的社会互动理论既有竞争的地方也有互补的地方,而且他更强调个人的心理因素,有时可以看作社会互动理论的“微观基础”。
第6章则考察社会互动对个人行为和群体总量的影响。这一章中的模型和谢林的思想关系紧密,比较着重于考察社会互动对群体加总后果的影响。
第7章对社会互动理论做出总体的评论,指出它的方法论特点、与相邻学科的关系以及存在的不足之处。
People are influenced by others in everyday decision making, the popularity of expressions like fashion, role model, keeping up with the Joneses, following the mainstream serving as a proof of it. The interaction between one's behavior and others'is a major issue of numerous research in sociology and social psychology, but was literally ignored for a long time in economics, which boasts as the science of individual choice. The dominate theory on individual choice in modern economics is rational choice theory. In rational choice theory every man is modeled as a "rational man" with rational preferences, which means that his preference over all of the alternatives in his choice set satisfies the properties of completeness and transitivity. All of these rational men make their choices independently according to the market prices. In such models the social influence on one's choice is totally absent. But in last two decades, especially in last decade the conduct of economics changed dramatically. Social factors influencing individual behavior got more and more attention in economic research. Economists call this kind of research "economic analysis of social interactions", where social interactions referring to every kind of social factors.
This thesis gives a synthesis and review of economic analysis of social interactions. It answers such basic questions as what social interactions mean, who are the actors in social interactions and how social interactions operate. By answering these questions I make clear the theoretical framework of social interaction research. In the process of answering these questions I reviewed major contributions of early economists on social interactions research, in order to find the trace of development of the research. I made clear the mechanisms through which social interactions operate, namely cultural transmission, peer pressure and social learning. Social structure and identity also play important roles in social interaction research. Social interactions also have interesting consequence on the group level such as multiple equilibrium and phase transition. I give a overall assessment on social interactions research at last.
社会互动理论已经被广泛应用于分析犯罪率、城市贫困、福利中请、生育率、住房需求与城市发展、就业、学生成绩等多方面的问题,产生出许多新的见解,弥补了主流经济学在这些问题上的不足之处,有很大的理论和应用价值。不过由于社会互动研究是新兴的经济学研究领域,许多研究角度和思路各异的理论同时发展,这些理论虽然围绕相近的主题但又关系松散,没有形成统一的理论体系。本论文的研究目的有两个,一个是对现有的社会互动研究进行梳理以期得到一个社会互动研究的框架体系,另一个是对社会互动研究的主要理论进行评介
对社会互动的逻辑自洽的研究需要对互动的过程做出清晰的概念化,什么是社会互动?进行互动的个体是什么?他们是怎样互动的?社会科学还没有对这些基本的问题形成统一的答案。本文的导论部分比较了经济学、社会学和社会心理学对社会互动的不同定义,并且从经济学的视角出发给出了一个社会互动的概念化框架。
本文的第2章是对国内外社会互动研究现状的一个初步评估,以使为接下来的研究找到出发点。国内的社会互动研究尚处于起步阶段,本文择要做了简单介绍。社会互动的实证研究虽然也包罗万象,但其面临的主要问题和解决方法都已有了系统的研究,本文在那里做了重点介绍。
为了从纷繁芜杂的众多社会互动理论中梳理出比较清晰的脉络,第3章从社会互动的先行者的理论思想入手,从源流上把握社会互动理论发展的线索。凡勃伦的炫耀性消费理论被认为是最早的社会互动理论,杜森贝里的相对收入假说和雷本斯坦对势利效应的研究与炫耀性消费理论一脉相承,都以个人的消费行为作为研究的着眼点。贝克尔用他的“新消费理论”的思想把社会互动的影响从个人的消费行为推广到各种选择行为,并开始探讨个人对社会影响因素的控制能力问题。贝克尔早期和近期对社会互动的看法有着很大的差异,体现了社会互动问题的复杂性。谢林的社会互动研究着眼点和前述几位经济学家的都不同,因为他关心的问题不是社会互动对个人行为的影响而是对整体的后果的影响。当个体的行为之间存在社会互动效应这种外部性时,整体的均衡结果可能与个人的动机大相径庭。
社会互动发生的机制和表现形式是理解社会互动的关键,第4章对此做了考察。社会学和社会心理学的一些理论对理解社会互动的发生机制很有指导意义,所以第4章考察了社会学和社会心理学中的相关理论,包括米德的自我理论和符号互动论以及参照群体理论,社会因素的影响既可能是在个人的社会化过程中潜移默化的,比如一些文化特征的代际传递,也可能是通过同群压力或者社会学习效应发生的。然后遵循这些线索的指引对文化传递和社会学习进行了考察,它们都是社会互动发生的重要途径。
第5章讨论的是阿克洛夫对社会结构与身份的研究,这是对社会因素影响个人行为的另一种视角。阿克洛夫的理论与前述贝克尔等人的社会互动理论既有竞争的地方也有互补的地方,而且他更强调个人的心理因素,有时可以看作社会互动理论的“微观基础”。
第6章则考察社会互动对个人行为和群体总量的影响。这一章中的模型和谢林的思想关系紧密,比较着重于考察社会互动对群体加总后果的影响。
第7章对社会互动理论做出总体的评论,指出它的方法论特点、与相邻学科的关系以及存在的不足之处。
People are influenced by others in everyday decision making, the popularity of expressions like fashion, role model, keeping up with the Joneses, following the mainstream serving as a proof of it. The interaction between one's behavior and others'is a major issue of numerous research in sociology and social psychology, but was literally ignored for a long time in economics, which boasts as the science of individual choice. The dominate theory on individual choice in modern economics is rational choice theory. In rational choice theory every man is modeled as a "rational man" with rational preferences, which means that his preference over all of the alternatives in his choice set satisfies the properties of completeness and transitivity. All of these rational men make their choices independently according to the market prices. In such models the social influence on one's choice is totally absent. But in last two decades, especially in last decade the conduct of economics changed dramatically. Social factors influencing individual behavior got more and more attention in economic research. Economists call this kind of research "economic analysis of social interactions", where social interactions referring to every kind of social factors.
This thesis gives a synthesis and review of economic analysis of social interactions. It answers such basic questions as what social interactions mean, who are the actors in social interactions and how social interactions operate. By answering these questions I make clear the theoretical framework of social interaction research. In the process of answering these questions I reviewed major contributions of early economists on social interactions research, in order to find the trace of development of the research. I made clear the mechanisms through which social interactions operate, namely cultural transmission, peer pressure and social learning. Social structure and identity also play important roles in social interaction research. Social interactions also have interesting consequence on the group level such as multiple equilibrium and phase transition. I give a overall assessment on social interactions research at last.
引文
3凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》,蔡受百译,商务印书馆2009年出版,第148页。
6凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》,蔡受百译,商务印书馆2009年出版,第14页。
7凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》,蔡受百译,商务印书馆2009年出版,第30页。
8同上书,第36-40页。
9同上书,第55-66贞。
10同上书,第68页。
11约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯,《就业、利息和货币通论》,陆梦龙译,英汉对照版,九州出版社,2007年,第149页。
12同上书,第151页。
13同上书,第185页。
18这个批评来自Becker自己, Becker and Murphy(2000)讲到生育率时承认Becker原来的生育率研究忽视了社会互动因素的影响。见Becker and Murphy(2000),第20页。
23中译本：乔治·A·阿克洛夫.2012.现实主义经济学之路.李彬译.中国人民大学出版社.
Akerlof, George A.1976. "The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 90 (4) (November 1): 599-617.
——.1980. "A Theory of Social Custom, of Which Unemployment May Be One Consequence." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 94 (4):749-775.
——.1997. "Social Distance and Social Decisions." Econometrica 65 (5):1005-1027.
——.2005. Explorations in Pragmatic Economics:Selected Papers of George A. Akerlof (and Co-authors). Oxford University Press.
Akerlof, George A., and R. E. Kranton.2000. "Economics and Identity." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 (3):715-753.
Akerlof, George A., and Rachel E. Kranton.2010. Identity Economics:How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being. Princeton University Press.
Akerlof, George A., Janet L. Yellen, and Michael L. Katz.1996. "An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing in the United States." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (2) (May 1):277-317.
Arrow, Kenneth J.1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge.' The American Economic Review 84 (2) (May 1):1-9.
——.2000. "Observations on Social Capital." In Social Capital:A Multifaceted Perspective, edited by Partha DasGupta and Ismail Serageldin,3-5. The World Bank.
Asch, S. E.1956. "Studies of Independence and Conformity:I. A Minority of One Against a Unanimous Majority." Psychological Monographs:General and Applied 70 (9):1-70.
Banerjee, A. V.1992. "A Simple Model of Herd Behavior." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (3):797-817.
Bardsley, Nicholas, and Rupert Sausgruber.2005. "Conformity and Reciprocity in Public Good Provision." Journal of Economic Psychology 26 (5) (October): 664-681.
Becker, Gary S.1974. " A Theory of Social Interactions." Journal of Political Economy 82 (6):1063-1093.
Becker, Gary S., and K. M Murphy.2000. Social Economics:Market Behavior in a Social Environment. Harvard University Press.
Benabou, Roland.1993. "Workings of a City:Location, Education, and Production." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3):619-652.
——.1996a. "Equity and Efficiency in Human Capital Investment:The Local Connection." The Review of Economic Studies 63 (2):237-264.
——.1996b. "Heterogeneity, Stratification, and Growth:Macroeconomic Implications of Community Structure and School Finance." The American Economic Review 86 (3) (June 1):584-609. doi:10.2307/2118213.
Benhabib, Jess, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson.2011. "Social Economics:A Brief Introduction to the Handbook." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:ⅹⅶ-ⅹⅹⅰ. North-Holland.
Bergstrand, Jeffrey H.1985. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade:Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence." The Review of Economics and Statistics 67 (3) (August 1):474-481. doi:10.2307/1925976.
Bernheim, B. Douglas.1994. "A Theory of Conformity." Journal of Political Economy 102 (5) (October 1):841-877.
Bikhchandani, Sushil, David Hirshleifer, and Ivo Welch.1992. "A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades." Journal of Political Economy 100 (5) (October 1):992-1026.
——.1998. "Learning from the Behavior of Others:Conformity, Fads, and Informational Cascades." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (3) (July 1):151-170.
Bisin, Alberto, and Thierry Verdier.2011. "The Economics of Cultural Transmission and Socialization. " In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:339-416. North-Holland.
Bloch, Francis, and Bhaskar Dutta.2011. "Chapter 16-Formation of Networks and Coalitions." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:729-779. North-Holland.
Blume, Lawrence E., William A. Brock, Steven N. Durlauf, and Yannis M. Ioannides. 2011. " Chapter 18-Identification of Social Interactions." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:853-964. North-Holland.
Blume, Lawrence E., and Steven N. Durlauf.2001. "The Interactions-Based Approach to Socioeconomic Behavior." In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,15-44. The MIT Press.
Bowles, Samuel.1998. "Endogenous Preferences:The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions." Journal of Economic Literature 36(1) (March 1):75-111.
———.2001. "Individual Interactions, Group Conflicts, and the Evolution of Preferences." In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,155-190. MIT Press.
Brock, William A., and Steven N. Durlauf.2001a. " Interactions-based Models." In Handbook of Econometrics, Volume 5:3297-3380. Elsevier.
——.2001b. "Discrete Choice with Social Interactions." Review of Economic Studies 68 (2):235-60.
——.2005. "Multinomial Choice with Social Interactions." In The Economy As an Evolving Complex System Ⅲ:Current Perspectives and Future Directions, edited by Lawrence E. Blume and Steven N. Durlauf,175-207. Oxford University Press.
Burke, Mary A., and H. Peyton Young.2011. "Chapter 8-Social Norms." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:311-338. North-Holland.
Burke, Mary. A.2012. "Social Multipliers." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,637 641. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group. Accessed September 18. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000474.
Camerer, Colin F., and George Loewenstein.2004. "Behavioral Economics:Past, Present, Future. " Advances in Behavioral Economics:3-51.
Cason, T. N., and V. L. Mui.1998. "Social Influence in the Sequential Dictator Game." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 42 (2):248-265.
Cialdini, R. B., and N. J. Goldstein.2004. "Social Influence:Compliance and Conformity." Annu. Rev. Psychol.55:591-621.
Ding, Weili, and Steven F Lehrer.2007. "Do Peers Affect Student Achievement in China's Secondary Schools?" Review of Economics and Statistics 89 (2) (April 19):300-312.
DiPasquale, Denise, and Edward L Glaeser.1998. "The Los Angeles Riot and the Economics of Urban Unrest." Journal of Urban Economics 43 (1) (January): 52-78.
Duesenberry, James Stemble.1949. Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. Harvard University Press.
Durlauf, Steven N.2001a. The Memberships Theory of Poverty:The Role of Group Affiliations in Determining Socioeconomic Outcomes. Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
——.2001b. "A Framework For The Study of Individual Behavior and Social Interactions." Sociological Methodology 31 (1):47-87.
Durlauf, Steven N., and Yannis M. Ioannides.2010. "Social Interactions." Annual Review of Economics 2 (1):451-478.
Durlauf, Steven N., and H. Peyton Young, ed.2001. Social Dynamics. MIT Press.
Ellison, Glenn, and Drew Fudenberg.1993. "Rules of Thumb for Social Learning. Journal of Political Economy 101 (4) (August 1):612-643.
——.1995. " Word-of-Mouth Communication and Social Learning." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1) (February 1):93-125.
Elster, Jon.1989. "Social Norms and Economic Theory." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 (4):99-117.
Fehr, E., and U. Fischbacher.2002. "Why Social Preferences Matter-the Impact of Non-selfish Motives on Competition, Cooperation and Incentives." The Economic Journal 112 (478):Cl-C33.
Fernandez, Raquel.2009. "Culture as Learning:The Evolution of Female Labor Force Participation over a Century".2009 Meeting Paper 78. Society for Economic Dynamics.
——.2011. " Does Culture Matter? " In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:481-510. North-Holland.
Follmer, Hans.1974. "Random Economies with Many Interacting Agents." Journal of Mathematical Economics 1 (1):51-62.
Frank, Robert H.1985. "Choosing the Right Pond:Human Behavior and the Quest for Status". OUP Catalogue. Oxford University Press.
Friedman, Milton.1953. "The Methodology of Positive Economics." In Essays in Positive Economics,3-43. University of Chicago Press.
Glaeser, Edward, Bruce I. Sacerdote, and Jose A. Scheinkman.2003. "The Social Multiplier." Journal of the European Economic Association 1 (2-3):345-353.
Glaeser, Edward, and Jose A. Scheinkman.2001. "Measuring Social Interactions.' In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,83-132. MIT Press.
——.2003. " Nonmarket Interactions." In Advances in Economics and Econometrics:Theory and Applications, edited by Mathias Dewatripont, Lars Peter Hansen, and Stephen J. Turnovsky,339-369. Cambridge University Press.
Granovetter, M.1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness."
Guiso, Luigi, Paola Sapienza, and Luigi Zingales.2011. "Chapter 10-Civic Capital as the Missing Link." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:417-480. North-Holland.
Heath, Joseph.2011. " Methodological Individualism. " In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2011. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2011/entries/methodological-individualis m/.
Ioannides, Yannis M.2012. "Social Interactions (empirics)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,623-629. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group. Accessed September 18. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000256.
Jackson, Matthew O.2005. "A Survey of Network Formation Models:Stability and Efficiency." Edited by G. Demange and M. Wooders. Group Formation in Economics:Networks, Clubs and Coalitions:11-57.
——.2011. "Chapter 12-An Overview of Social Networks and Economic Applications." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:511-585. North-Holland.
Jacob, Pierre.2010. " Intentionality." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Fall 2010. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/intentionality/.
Jadbabaie, Ali, Pooya Molavi, Alvaro Sandroni, and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi.2012. "Non-Bayesian Social Learning." Games and Economic Behavior 76 (1) (September):210-225.
Jones, Stephen R. G.1984. The Economics of Conformism. Blackwell Pub.
——.2002. "Book Review on Social Economics:Market Behavior in a Social Environment." Journal of Economic Literature 40 (2):575-577.
Katz. Lawrence F., J. R. Kling. and J. B. Liebman.2001. "Moving to Opportunity in Boston:Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2):607-654.
Kelly, Harold.1952. "Two Functions of Reference Groups." In Readings in Social Psychology, edited by Guy E. Swanson, Theodore M. Newcomb, and Eugene L. Hart,410-414. Henry Mk and Company.
Krugman, Paul.1991. "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography." Journal of Political Economy 99 (3):483-99.
——.1993. "On the Number and Location of Cities." European Economic Review 37 (2-3) (April):293-298.
Leibenstein, H.1950. "Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers'Demand." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 64 (2):183-207.
Ludwig, J., G. J. Duncan, and P. Hirschfield.2001. "Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime:Evidence from a Randomized Housing-mobility Experiment." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2):655-679.
Manski, Charles F.1993. "Identification of Endogenous Social Effects:The Reflection Problem." Review of Economic Studies 60 (3):531-42.
———.2000. "Economic Analysis of Social Interactions." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (3):115-136.
Mas-Colell, Andreu, Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green.1995. Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press.
Merton, Robert K., and Alice Rossi.1950. "Contributions to the Theory of Reference Group Behavior." In Continuities in Social Research, edited by Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld,40-105. The Free Press.
Messick, D. M.1999. "Alternative Logics for Decision Making in Social Settings. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 39(1):11-28.
Myers, David.2009. Social Psychology.10th ed. McGraw-Hill.
Nail, P. R., G. MacDonald, and D. A. Levy.2000. "Proposal of a Four-dimensional Model of Social Response." Psychological Bulletin 126 (3):454-470.
Ozgur, Onur.2012. "Economic Analysis of Social Interactions". Course Syllabus for Ph.D. https://www.webdepot.umontreal.ca/Usagers/ozguro/MonDepotPublic/Social_Interactions.pdf.
Postlewaite, Andrew.2011. "Social Norms and Preferences." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:31-67. North-Holland.
Robson, Arthur J., and Larry Samuelson.2011. "The Evolutionary Foundations of Preferences." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:221-310. North-Holland.
Sacerdote, Bruce I.2001. "Peer Effects with Random Assignment:Results for Dartmouth Roommates." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2) (May 1):681-704.
Scheinkman, Jose A.2008. "Social Interactions (theory)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,629-633. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group.
Sherif, Muzafer.1968. "The Concept of Reference Group in Human Relations." In Readings in Reference Group Theory and Research, edited by Herbert Hiram Hyman and Eleanor Singer,84-94. The Free Press.
Shibutani, Tamotsu.1955. "Reference Groups as Perspectives." American Journal of Sociology 60 (6):562-569.
Smith, Lones, and Peter S(?)rensen.2000. "Pathological Outcomes of Observational Learning." Econometrica 68 (2):371-398.
Smith, Lones, and Peter Norman Sorensen.2011. " Observational Learning." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, Online. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sobel, J.2002. "Can We Trust Social Capital?" Journal of Economic Literature 40 (1):139-154.
Udehn, Lars.2002. "The Changing Face of Methodological Individualism." Annual Review of Sociology 28 (January 1):479-507.
Young, H. Peyton.1998. Individual Strategy and Social Structure:An Evolutionary Theory of Institutions. Princeton University Press.
Zafar, Basit.2011. " An Experimental Investigation of Why Individuals Conform. European Economic Review 55 (6) (August):774-798.
Zanella, Giulio.2004. "Social Interactions and Economic Behavior". Department of Economics University of Siena 441. Department of Economics, University of Siena.
贝克尔.2000.口味的经济学分析.李杰、王晓刚译.首都经济贸易大学出版社.
崔巍.2008.“信息成本与金融市场中的羊群行为——对BHW模型的改进与拓展.”经济科学(2008年第6期)：91-99.
——.2009.“投资者的羊群行为分析——风险回避下的BHW模型.”金融研究(2009年第4期)：120-128.
戴维·迈尔斯.2006.社会心理学.张智勇,乐国安,侯玉波译.第八版.人民邮电出版社.
冯尧.2010.“社会互动、不确定性与我国居民消费行为研究”.博士论文,西南财经大学.
郭艳茹.2012.“社会互动视角下的犯罪经济学研究：理论发展与实践意义.”理论学刊(2012年第10期)：36-40.
胡宗泽.2000.“心灵、自我与社会.”西方社会学名著提要(上),谢立中主编,115-125.昭明出版社.
黄爱华.1989.“米德自我论的来龙去脉及其要义综析.”社会学研究(01)：109-115.
黄少安.2004.产权经济学导论.经济科学出版社.
吉登斯.2009.社会学.李康译.北京大学出版社.
金盛华,主编.2010.社会心理学.第二版.高等教育出版社.
乐国安、汪新建,主编2011.社会心理学理论与体系.北京师范大学出版社.
李建标,巨龙,任广乾.2011.“钝化信念维系的信息瀑布及其应用.”经济评论(2011年第3期)：30-35.
李涛.2006a.“社会互动,信任与股市参与.”经济研究(2006年第1期)：34-45.
——.2006b.“社会互动与投资选择.”经济研究(2006年第8期)：45-57.
理查德·斯威德伯格.2003.经济学与社会学.安佳译.商务印书馆.
林毅夫.2001.“经济学研究方法与中国经济学科发展.”经济研究(2001年第4期)：74-81.
陆德梅,朱国宏.2003.“新经济社会学的兴起和发展探微.”国外社会科学(2003年第3期)：22-28.
陆铭,张爽.2007.“‘人以群分’：非市场互动和群分效应的文献评论.”经济学(季刊)6(003)：991-1020.
马光荣,and杨恩艳.2011.“社会网络、非正规金融与创业.”经济研究(2011年第3期)：83-94.
曼特扎维诺斯.2009.个人、制度与市场.梁海音,陈雄华,帅中明译.长春出版社.
乔治·A·阿克洛夫.2012.现实主义经济学之路.李彬译.中国人民大学出版社.
斯梅尔瑟,斯威德伯格.2009.经济社会学手册.第二版.华夏出版社.
徐岚,崔楠,熊晓琴.2010.“父辈品牌代际影响中的消费者社会化机制.”管理世界(2010年第4期)：83-98.
杨汝岱,陈斌开,朱诗娥.2011.“基于社会网络视角的农户民间借贷需求行为研究.”经济研究(2011年第11期)：116-129.
约翰.J.麦休尼斯.2009.社会学.风笑天译.中国人民大学出版社.
章元,E. M. Mouhoud,范英.2012.“异质的社会网络与民工工资：来自中国的证据.”南方经济(2012年第2期)：3-14.
章元,李锐,工后,陈亮.2009.“社会网络与工资水平——基于农民工样本的实证分析.”世界经济文汇(2009年第6期)：73-84.
章元,陆铭.2009.“社会网络是否有助于提高农民工的工资水平?” 管理世界(2009年第3期)：45-54.
郑江淮.2002.“信息追随,管理者从众行为与报酬合约.”中国工业经济(2002年第3期)：77-82.
6凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》,蔡受百译,商务印书馆2009年出版,第14页。
7凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》,蔡受百译,商务印书馆2009年出版,第30页。
8同上书,第36-40页。
9同上书,第55-66贞。
10同上书,第68页。
11约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯,《就业、利息和货币通论》,陆梦龙译,英汉对照版,九州出版社,2007年,第149页。
12同上书,第151页。
13同上书,第185页。
18这个批评来自Becker自己, Becker and Murphy(2000)讲到生育率时承认Becker原来的生育率研究忽视了社会互动因素的影响。见Becker and Murphy(2000),第20页。
23中译本：乔治·A·阿克洛夫.2012.现实主义经济学之路.李彬译.中国人民大学出版社.
Akerlof, George A.1976. "The Economics of Caste and of the Rat Race and Other Woeful Tales." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 90 (4) (November 1): 599-617.
——.1980. "A Theory of Social Custom, of Which Unemployment May Be One Consequence." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 94 (4):749-775.
——.1997. "Social Distance and Social Decisions." Econometrica 65 (5):1005-1027.
——.2005. Explorations in Pragmatic Economics:Selected Papers of George A. Akerlof (and Co-authors). Oxford University Press.
Akerlof, George A., and R. E. Kranton.2000. "Economics and Identity." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 (3):715-753.
Akerlof, George A., and Rachel E. Kranton.2010. Identity Economics:How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being. Princeton University Press.
Akerlof, George A., Janet L. Yellen, and Michael L. Katz.1996. "An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing in the United States." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (2) (May 1):277-317.
Arrow, Kenneth J.1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge.' The American Economic Review 84 (2) (May 1):1-9.
——.2000. "Observations on Social Capital." In Social Capital:A Multifaceted Perspective, edited by Partha DasGupta and Ismail Serageldin,3-5. The World Bank.
Asch, S. E.1956. "Studies of Independence and Conformity:I. A Minority of One Against a Unanimous Majority." Psychological Monographs:General and Applied 70 (9):1-70.
Banerjee, A. V.1992. "A Simple Model of Herd Behavior." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (3):797-817.
Bardsley, Nicholas, and Rupert Sausgruber.2005. "Conformity and Reciprocity in Public Good Provision." Journal of Economic Psychology 26 (5) (October): 664-681.
Becker, Gary S.1974. " A Theory of Social Interactions." Journal of Political Economy 82 (6):1063-1093.
Becker, Gary S., and K. M Murphy.2000. Social Economics:Market Behavior in a Social Environment. Harvard University Press.
Benabou, Roland.1993. "Workings of a City:Location, Education, and Production." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 108 (3):619-652.
——.1996a. "Equity and Efficiency in Human Capital Investment:The Local Connection." The Review of Economic Studies 63 (2):237-264.
——.1996b. "Heterogeneity, Stratification, and Growth:Macroeconomic Implications of Community Structure and School Finance." The American Economic Review 86 (3) (June 1):584-609. doi:10.2307/2118213.
Benhabib, Jess, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson.2011. "Social Economics:A Brief Introduction to the Handbook." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:ⅹⅶ-ⅹⅹⅰ. North-Holland.
Bergstrand, Jeffrey H.1985. "The Gravity Equation in International Trade:Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence." The Review of Economics and Statistics 67 (3) (August 1):474-481. doi:10.2307/1925976.
Bernheim, B. Douglas.1994. "A Theory of Conformity." Journal of Political Economy 102 (5) (October 1):841-877.
Bikhchandani, Sushil, David Hirshleifer, and Ivo Welch.1992. "A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades." Journal of Political Economy 100 (5) (October 1):992-1026.
——.1998. "Learning from the Behavior of Others:Conformity, Fads, and Informational Cascades." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 12 (3) (July 1):151-170.
Bisin, Alberto, and Thierry Verdier.2011. "The Economics of Cultural Transmission and Socialization. " In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:339-416. North-Holland.
Bloch, Francis, and Bhaskar Dutta.2011. "Chapter 16-Formation of Networks and Coalitions." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:729-779. North-Holland.
Blume, Lawrence E., William A. Brock, Steven N. Durlauf, and Yannis M. Ioannides. 2011. " Chapter 18-Identification of Social Interactions." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:853-964. North-Holland.
Blume, Lawrence E., and Steven N. Durlauf.2001. "The Interactions-Based Approach to Socioeconomic Behavior." In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,15-44. The MIT Press.
Bowles, Samuel.1998. "Endogenous Preferences:The Cultural Consequences of Markets and Other Economic Institutions." Journal of Economic Literature 36(1) (March 1):75-111.
———.2001. "Individual Interactions, Group Conflicts, and the Evolution of Preferences." In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,155-190. MIT Press.
Brock, William A., and Steven N. Durlauf.2001a. " Interactions-based Models." In Handbook of Econometrics, Volume 5:3297-3380. Elsevier.
——.2001b. "Discrete Choice with Social Interactions." Review of Economic Studies 68 (2):235-60.
——.2005. "Multinomial Choice with Social Interactions." In The Economy As an Evolving Complex System Ⅲ:Current Perspectives and Future Directions, edited by Lawrence E. Blume and Steven N. Durlauf,175-207. Oxford University Press.
Burke, Mary A., and H. Peyton Young.2011. "Chapter 8-Social Norms." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:311-338. North-Holland.
Burke, Mary. A.2012. "Social Multipliers." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,637 641. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group. Accessed September 18. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000474.
Camerer, Colin F., and George Loewenstein.2004. "Behavioral Economics:Past, Present, Future. " Advances in Behavioral Economics:3-51.
Cason, T. N., and V. L. Mui.1998. "Social Influence in the Sequential Dictator Game." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 42 (2):248-265.
Cialdini, R. B., and N. J. Goldstein.2004. "Social Influence:Compliance and Conformity." Annu. Rev. Psychol.55:591-621.
Ding, Weili, and Steven F Lehrer.2007. "Do Peers Affect Student Achievement in China's Secondary Schools?" Review of Economics and Statistics 89 (2) (April 19):300-312.
DiPasquale, Denise, and Edward L Glaeser.1998. "The Los Angeles Riot and the Economics of Urban Unrest." Journal of Urban Economics 43 (1) (January): 52-78.
Duesenberry, James Stemble.1949. Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. Harvard University Press.
Durlauf, Steven N.2001a. The Memberships Theory of Poverty:The Role of Group Affiliations in Determining Socioeconomic Outcomes. Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
——.2001b. "A Framework For The Study of Individual Behavior and Social Interactions." Sociological Methodology 31 (1):47-87.
Durlauf, Steven N., and Yannis M. Ioannides.2010. "Social Interactions." Annual Review of Economics 2 (1):451-478.
Durlauf, Steven N., and H. Peyton Young, ed.2001. Social Dynamics. MIT Press.
Ellison, Glenn, and Drew Fudenberg.1993. "Rules of Thumb for Social Learning. Journal of Political Economy 101 (4) (August 1):612-643.
——.1995. " Word-of-Mouth Communication and Social Learning." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1) (February 1):93-125.
Elster, Jon.1989. "Social Norms and Economic Theory." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 (4):99-117.
Fehr, E., and U. Fischbacher.2002. "Why Social Preferences Matter-the Impact of Non-selfish Motives on Competition, Cooperation and Incentives." The Economic Journal 112 (478):Cl-C33.
Fernandez, Raquel.2009. "Culture as Learning:The Evolution of Female Labor Force Participation over a Century".2009 Meeting Paper 78. Society for Economic Dynamics.
——.2011. " Does Culture Matter? " In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:481-510. North-Holland.
Follmer, Hans.1974. "Random Economies with Many Interacting Agents." Journal of Mathematical Economics 1 (1):51-62.
Frank, Robert H.1985. "Choosing the Right Pond:Human Behavior and the Quest for Status". OUP Catalogue. Oxford University Press.
Friedman, Milton.1953. "The Methodology of Positive Economics." In Essays in Positive Economics,3-43. University of Chicago Press.
Glaeser, Edward, Bruce I. Sacerdote, and Jose A. Scheinkman.2003. "The Social Multiplier." Journal of the European Economic Association 1 (2-3):345-353.
Glaeser, Edward, and Jose A. Scheinkman.2001. "Measuring Social Interactions.' In Social Dynamics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and H. Peyton Young,83-132. MIT Press.
——.2003. " Nonmarket Interactions." In Advances in Economics and Econometrics:Theory and Applications, edited by Mathias Dewatripont, Lars Peter Hansen, and Stephen J. Turnovsky,339-369. Cambridge University Press.
Granovetter, M.1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness."
Guiso, Luigi, Paola Sapienza, and Luigi Zingales.2011. "Chapter 10-Civic Capital as the Missing Link." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:417-480. North-Holland.
Heath, Joseph.2011. " Methodological Individualism. " In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2011. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2011/entries/methodological-individualis m/.
Ioannides, Yannis M.2012. "Social Interactions (empirics)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,623-629. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group. Accessed September 18. http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000256.
Jackson, Matthew O.2005. "A Survey of Network Formation Models:Stability and Efficiency." Edited by G. Demange and M. Wooders. Group Formation in Economics:Networks, Clubs and Coalitions:11-57.
——.2011. "Chapter 12-An Overview of Social Networks and Economic Applications." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:511-585. North-Holland.
Jacob, Pierre.2010. " Intentionality." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Fall 2010. http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/intentionality/.
Jadbabaie, Ali, Pooya Molavi, Alvaro Sandroni, and Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi.2012. "Non-Bayesian Social Learning." Games and Economic Behavior 76 (1) (September):210-225.
Jones, Stephen R. G.1984. The Economics of Conformism. Blackwell Pub.
——.2002. "Book Review on Social Economics:Market Behavior in a Social Environment." Journal of Economic Literature 40 (2):575-577.
Katz. Lawrence F., J. R. Kling. and J. B. Liebman.2001. "Moving to Opportunity in Boston:Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2):607-654.
Kelly, Harold.1952. "Two Functions of Reference Groups." In Readings in Social Psychology, edited by Guy E. Swanson, Theodore M. Newcomb, and Eugene L. Hart,410-414. Henry Mk and Company.
Krugman, Paul.1991. "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography." Journal of Political Economy 99 (3):483-99.
——.1993. "On the Number and Location of Cities." European Economic Review 37 (2-3) (April):293-298.
Leibenstein, H.1950. "Bandwagon, Snob, and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers'Demand." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 64 (2):183-207.
Ludwig, J., G. J. Duncan, and P. Hirschfield.2001. "Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime:Evidence from a Randomized Housing-mobility Experiment." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2):655-679.
Manski, Charles F.1993. "Identification of Endogenous Social Effects:The Reflection Problem." Review of Economic Studies 60 (3):531-42.
———.2000. "Economic Analysis of Social Interactions." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (3):115-136.
Mas-Colell, Andreu, Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green.1995. Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press.
Merton, Robert K., and Alice Rossi.1950. "Contributions to the Theory of Reference Group Behavior." In Continuities in Social Research, edited by Robert K. Merton and Paul F. Lazarsfeld,40-105. The Free Press.
Messick, D. M.1999. "Alternative Logics for Decision Making in Social Settings. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 39(1):11-28.
Myers, David.2009. Social Psychology.10th ed. McGraw-Hill.
Nail, P. R., G. MacDonald, and D. A. Levy.2000. "Proposal of a Four-dimensional Model of Social Response." Psychological Bulletin 126 (3):454-470.
Ozgur, Onur.2012. "Economic Analysis of Social Interactions". Course Syllabus for Ph.D. https://www.webdepot.umontreal.ca/Usagers/ozguro/MonDepotPublic/Social_Interactions.pdf.
Postlewaite, Andrew.2011. "Social Norms and Preferences." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:31-67. North-Holland.
Robson, Arthur J., and Larry Samuelson.2011. "The Evolutionary Foundations of Preferences." In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Jess Benhabib, Alberto Bisin, and Matthew O. Jackson, Volume 1:221-310. North-Holland.
Sacerdote, Bruce I.2001. "Peer Effects with Random Assignment:Results for Dartmouth Roommates." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (2) (May 1):681-704.
Scheinkman, Jose A.2008. "Social Interactions (theory)." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume,2nd ed.,629-633. Basingstoke:Nature Publishing Group.
Sherif, Muzafer.1968. "The Concept of Reference Group in Human Relations." In Readings in Reference Group Theory and Research, edited by Herbert Hiram Hyman and Eleanor Singer,84-94. The Free Press.
Shibutani, Tamotsu.1955. "Reference Groups as Perspectives." American Journal of Sociology 60 (6):562-569.
Smith, Lones, and Peter S(?)rensen.2000. "Pathological Outcomes of Observational Learning." Econometrica 68 (2):371-398.
Smith, Lones, and Peter Norman Sorensen.2011. " Observational Learning." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, Online. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sobel, J.2002. "Can We Trust Social Capital?" Journal of Economic Literature 40 (1):139-154.
Udehn, Lars.2002. "The Changing Face of Methodological Individualism." Annual Review of Sociology 28 (January 1):479-507.
Young, H. Peyton.1998. Individual Strategy and Social Structure:An Evolutionary Theory of Institutions. Princeton University Press.
Zafar, Basit.2011. " An Experimental Investigation of Why Individuals Conform. European Economic Review 55 (6) (August):774-798.
Zanella, Giulio.2004. "Social Interactions and Economic Behavior". Department of Economics University of Siena 441. Department of Economics, University of Siena.
贝克尔.2000.口味的经济学分析.李杰、王晓刚译.首都经济贸易大学出版社.
崔巍.2008.“信息成本与金融市场中的羊群行为——对BHW模型的改进与拓展.”经济科学(2008年第6期)：91-99.
——.2009.“投资者的羊群行为分析——风险回避下的BHW模型.”金融研究(2009年第4期)：120-128.
戴维·迈尔斯.2006.社会心理学.张智勇,乐国安,侯玉波译.第八版.人民邮电出版社.
冯尧.2010.“社会互动、不确定性与我国居民消费行为研究”.博士论文,西南财经大学.
郭艳茹.2012.“社会互动视角下的犯罪经济学研究：理论发展与实践意义.”理论学刊(2012年第10期)：36-40.
胡宗泽.2000.“心灵、自我与社会.”西方社会学名著提要(上),谢立中主编,115-125.昭明出版社.
黄爱华.1989.“米德自我论的来龙去脉及其要义综析.”社会学研究(01)：109-115.
黄少安.2004.产权经济学导论.经济科学出版社.
吉登斯.2009.社会学.李康译.北京大学出版社.
金盛华,主编.2010.社会心理学.第二版.高等教育出版社.
乐国安、汪新建,主编2011.社会心理学理论与体系.北京师范大学出版社.
李建标,巨龙,任广乾.2011.“钝化信念维系的信息瀑布及其应用.”经济评论(2011年第3期)：30-35.
李涛.2006a.“社会互动,信任与股市参与.”经济研究(2006年第1期)：34-45.
——.2006b.“社会互动与投资选择.”经济研究(2006年第8期)：45-57.
理查德·斯威德伯格.2003.经济学与社会学.安佳译.商务印书馆.
林毅夫.2001.“经济学研究方法与中国经济学科发展.”经济研究(2001年第4期)：74-81.
陆德梅,朱国宏.2003.“新经济社会学的兴起和发展探微.”国外社会科学(2003年第3期)：22-28.
陆铭,张爽.2007.“‘人以群分’：非市场互动和群分效应的文献评论.”经济学(季刊)6(003)：991-1020.
马光荣,and杨恩艳.2011.“社会网络、非正规金融与创业.”经济研究(2011年第3期)：83-94.
曼特扎维诺斯.2009.个人、制度与市场.梁海音,陈雄华,帅中明译.长春出版社.
乔治·A·阿克洛夫.2012.现实主义经济学之路.李彬译.中国人民大学出版社.
斯梅尔瑟,斯威德伯格.2009.经济社会学手册.第二版.华夏出版社.
徐岚,崔楠,熊晓琴.2010.“父辈品牌代际影响中的消费者社会化机制.”管理世界(2010年第4期)：83-98.
杨汝岱,陈斌开,朱诗娥.2011.“基于社会网络视角的农户民间借贷需求行为研究.”经济研究(2011年第11期)：116-129.
约翰.J.麦休尼斯.2009.社会学.风笑天译.中国人民大学出版社.
章元,E. M. Mouhoud,范英.2012.“异质的社会网络与民工工资：来自中国的证据.”南方经济(2012年第2期)：3-14.
章元,李锐,工后,陈亮.2009.“社会网络与工资水平——基于农民工样本的实证分析.”世界经济文汇(2009年第6期)：73-84.
章元,陆铭.2009.“社会网络是否有助于提高农民工的工资水平?” 管理世界(2009年第3期)：45-54.
郑江淮.2002.“信息追随,管理者从众行为与报酬合约.”中国工业经济(2002年第3期)：77-82.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |