用户名： 密码： 验证码：
政府网站用户行为特性及其应用研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
传统的信息行为研究中，研究的方向主要集中在行为动机、行为影响因素、行为过程及行为要素建模等方面，定性的研究较多，而定量的研究由于受研究工具及研究条件所限，往往只考查了有限的、且多为主观度量的行为属性，对行为主体实际发生行为所表现出的特性则缺少有效及客观地量化观测。由于缺少较为夯实的数据基础，传统的信息行为研究因此还多停留在粗粒度地行为考察和以定性为主的分析。以政府网站的用户行为为例，目前我国政府网站对于其用户的需求及行为普遍缺乏认知与了解，相关的研究也多停留在上述层面的分析，难以为现实工作提供实际参考和指导。
     本人从两年前开始接触基于点击流的网站分析工具，借助国家信息中心的有关业务推进，尝试将相关工具应用到了政府网站的用户行为分析中，经过一年多的实践和工具改造，形成了一套适应政府网站的网站分析工具，并将其应用于数百家政府网站，从而为本研究积累了大量的研究素材与研究数据。通过近半年对累计数据分几个批次的处理及分析，最终形成了本文相关研究主题的研究基础。
     通过对相关研究的回顾和相关实践的积累，本文形成了具体的研究思路和研究框架：通过对政府网站用户访问过程中点击流数据的采集与分析，本文重点从用户的访问质量、访问时间、访问来源以及访问需求四个方面描述了当前我国政府网站用户行为的基本特征，并考察了其用户行为特征随用户访问经验变化的演化规律；对用户行为的主要的几种类型：搜索、浏览、交互做了基于大量行为属性数据的行为量化分析，考察了政府网站用户各类型行为的行为偏好及其行为特性；总结和检验了影响政府网站用户行为的部分影响因素；并针对当前我国政府网站面临的各类问题，提出了基于用户行为特性的政府网站优化若干策略。
     由于本文基于的网站样本和分析的周期有限，因此本文研究的有关结论还有待后续的进一步验证和扩展。
Traditional researches on information behavior mainly focus on motivations, influencingfactors, and modeling of procedure and elements. In this field, due to constraints of research toolsand conditions, qualitative researches were prevail, while quantitative ones were deficient as theyonly examining limited or subjective behavioral attributes rather than measuring them objectivelyand effectively. With less sufficient data, most researches only studied coarse-grained behaviorand analyzed it qualitatively. To government website(GW) users, for example, their needs andbehavior are also not well learned and understood by stakeholders and researchers, and fewresearch about them can provide practical guidance for actual work.
     In last two years, I get to utilize web analytic tools to analyze GW user behavior in researchprojects of State Information Center. By applying adapted tool to hundreds of GWs and periodicaldata processing and analysis, I get lots of research data and material to support theme research ofthis study.
     By virtue of research review and actual practice, I formed research approach and framework:through collecting and analyzing clickstream in access process of GW users, this paper describedfeatures of Chinese GW user behavior by metrics of visit quality, access time, traffic source anduser needs; discovered how such characteristics change as the user gets familiar with the website;analyzed preferences and patterns of primary visiting ways: searching, browsing and interactingbased on mass quantitative data; summarized and examined some of factors that influence GWuser behavior; proposed a number of strategies to optimize GW in view of its extant problems andcharacteristics of its user behavior.
     Confined by sample and analysis cycle, conclusions of this study have yet to be furthervalidated and extended.
引文
1郭俊华.公众接受政府门户网站的影响因素研究[J].上海行政学院学报.2011.1,48-56
    于施洋，杨道玲.基于用户体验的政府网站优化：总体思路[J].电子政务,2012.08:2-7
    4Joe Mandese.―Clickstream‖in Cyberspace[J]. Advertising Age,1995.3, Vol66(12), p.18
    1David Rowan. Glossary for the Nineties[N].The Guardian,1995.5.6, p. T.076
    2Clickstream[ED/OL](2012.7.15). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickstream
    1Editorial.The E-Government paradox: Better customer service doesn't necessarily cost less[J].GovernmentInformation Quarterly,25(2008)149–154
    1胡承立，张韦.基于CSSCI的中国政府网站研究现状文献计量分析[J].现代情报，2011，31(12):159-165
    2赵君香.国外政府网站建设对我国的启示[J].世纪桥，2010(19):145-146
    3储建华.在创新中提升政府网站形象[J].信息化建设，2011(4):40-41
    4卢昌宁.我国政府网站的发展现状及趋势[J].学习月刊，2011(5):91-92
    5李旭.政府网站建设与维护[J].中国电子商务，2012(6):76
    6吴新叶.群体性事件下的政府网站问题与对策——一个比较视角的分析[J].上海行政学院学报，2012(1):28-33
    7薛艳荣,周维强.我国政府网站发展的现状及对策[J].党政干部学刊，2012(1):69-72
    1傅炜.浅述我国政府网站发展和加拿大政府网站的特点[J].大陆桥视野，2011(8):90，93
    2Tanya Gupta. The UN E-Government Survey: Towards a more Citizen-Centric Approach[EB/OL].http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/un-e-government-survey-towards-more-citizen-centric-approach2011.1.16,2011-02-16.
    3薛艳荣,周维强.我国政府网站发展的现状及对策[J].党政干部学刊，2012(1):69-72
    4赵君香.国外政府网站建设对我国的启示[J].世纪桥，2010(19):145-146
    5谢文.论政府网站的舆论引导功能[J].新闻天地，2011(10):161-163
    6井西晓.拓展政府网站公共服务的路径——以创新扩散理论为视角[J].理论探索，2011(4):110-112
    7赵扬,张金龙,李瑞.政府网站的发展对策[J].辽宁经济，2011(5):29-31.
    8吴新叶.群体性事件下的政府网站问题与对策——一个比较视角的分析[J].上海行政学院学报，2012(1):28-33
    9李旭.政府网站建设与维护[J].中国电子商务，2012(6):76
    10储建华.在创新中提升政府网站形象[J].信息化建设，2011(4):40-41
    11孟小钟,张一哲.我国中小城市政府网站使用问题的原因探究[J].大江周刊（论坛），2011(6):7-8
    12傅炜.浅述我国政府网站发展和加拿大政府网站的特点[J].大陆桥视野，2011(8):90，93
    1蔡桂兰.网站绩效评估结果与省直部门电子政务发展分析[J].科技情报开发与科技，2011，21(11):103-106
    2尤少伟，吴鹏等.基于路径搜索法的政府网站分类目录用户心智模型研究[J].图书情报工作，2012(5):129-135
    3The Comptrol ler and Auditor General. Government on the internet: Progress in delivering in formation andservices online [R/OL].[2007-07-13]. http://www. nao. org. uk/
    4李安邦.浅析我国政府网站存在问题与发展趋势[J].科技信息，2011(27):486
    5卢昌宁.我国政府网站的发展现状及趋势[J].学习月刊，2011(5):91-92
    6汤丽.政府网站公共服务体系建设的思路[J].电子政务，2011(9):93-97
    7谢文.论政府网站的舆论引导功能[J].新闻天地，2011(10):161-163
    8甘黎黎.新公共服务理论视域中的市级政府网站建设[J].重庆三峡学院学报，2011(4):49-52
    9徐培华.沉睡的政府网站应唤醒[J].民主，2012(4):55-56
    10王婷.精简与整合中国政府网站的构想[J].现代交际，2011(6):99
    1田晔.公民的电子化参与行为-对政府网站的使用情况[J].中国对外贸易,2010(19)
    2龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    3赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    4The Comptrol ler and Auditor General. Government on the internet: Progress in delivering in formation andservices online [R/OL].[2007-07-13]. http://www. nao. org. uk/
    5Ooh Kim Lean, Suhaiza Zailani, T. Ramayah, Yudi Fernando. Factors influencing intention to use e-governmentservices among citizens in Malaysia[J]. International Journal of Information Management29(2009)458–475
    6Pieter Verdegem, Gino Verleye. User-centered E-Government in practice: A comprehensive model for measuringuser satisfaction[J]. Government Information Quarterly26(2009)487–497
    7Maliha Zaman. Quality of public sector website and its impact on citizen involvement[D]. DrexelUniversity,2010
    8Cynthia L. Corritore, Beverly Kracher, Susan Wiedenbeck. On-line trust：concepts, evolving themes, a model[J].International. Journal of Human-Computer Studies,58(2003)737–758
    1France Be′langer, Lemuria Carter. Trust and risk in e-government adoption[J]. Journal of Strategic InformationSystems17(2008)165–176
    2Lili Wang, Evaluating government Web site with a citizen-centric approach. Syracuse University，Doctor ofPhilosophy (PhD),2010
    3王华.影响公众对政府门户网站使用意愿的因素研究[D]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
    4曾裕.公众对政府网站在线办事使用意向影响因素研究——以杭州市和温州市政府网站为例[D]．杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
    5刘渊,魏芳芳,邓红军.用户使用视角的政府门户网站效用及影响因素研究[J].管理工程学报.2009.4
    6郭俊华.公众接受政府门户网站的影响因素研究[J].上海行政学院学报.2011.1:48-56
    7Bhattacherjee A．Understanding Information Systems Continuance：An Expectation-CcmfirrmfionModel[J]．MIS Quarterly，2001，25(3)：35l一370
    8Limayem M,Hirt SG, Chetmg CMK．Habit in the Context of IS continuance：Theory Extension and ScaleDevelopment[A]。in Proeeedings of the Eleventh European Conference on Information Systems,2003,Naples，Italy. June:19-21
    9Lin Cs，Wu S，Tsai RI．Integrating Perceived Playfulness Into Expectation-confirmation Model for webPortal Context[J]．Information Management．2005:683—693
    10Shyu, Stacy Huey-Pyng; Huang, Jen-Hung.Elucidating usage of e-government learning-A perspective of theextended technology acceptance model[J]. Government Information Quarterly, v28n4p491-502Oct2011
    1Wangpipatwong S.Chmimaskd W, Papasratorn B．Understanding Citizen‘s Continuance Intention to Usee-Government Website：A Composite View of Technology Acceptance Model and ComputerSelf-Efficacy[J]．The Electronic Journal of e-Government，2008:55—64
    2赵向异．我国政府网络平台持续使用的因素研究[D]．重庆：重庆大学硕士学位论文,2007.
    3杨小峰,徐博艺.政府门户网站公众接受模型研究[J].情报杂志,2009(01), pp:3-6
    4Chen, Ching-Wen; Huang, Echo. A Study on Taxpayers' Willingness to Use Self-Service Technology-BasedOnline Government Services [J]. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations7.2(2009):44.
    5Ludwig Christian Schaupp, Lemuria Carter, Megan E. McBride. E-file adoption-Astudy of U.S. taxpayers‘intentions [J]. Computers in Human Behavior26(2010)636–644
    6Fang Wang, Yongbo Chen. From potential users to actual users-Use of e-government service by Chinese migrantfarmer workers[J]. Government Information Quarterly.29(2012) S98–S111
    7Jooho Lee, Hyun Joon Kimb, Michael J. Ahn. The willingness of e-Government service adoption by businessusers-The role of offline service quality and trust in technology[J]. Government Information Quarterly28(2011)222–230
    8Stacy Huey-Pyng Shyu, Jen-Hung Huang, Elucidating usage of e-government learning-A perspective of theextended technology acceptance model[J]. Government Information Quarterly28(2011)491–502
    9Ardion Beldad, Menno de Jong, Micha l Steehouder. Reading the least read？Indicators of users' intention toconsult privacy statements on municipal websites[J]. Government Information Quarterly27(2010)238–244
    10C. Nadine Wathen, Sandra McKeown. Can the government really help？Online information for womenexperiencing violence[J]. Government Information Quarterly27(2010)170–176
    1Lynn Westbrook. E-government support for people in crisis-An evaluation of police department website supportfor domestic violence survivors using―person-in-situation‖information need analysis[J]. Library&InformationScience Research30(2008)22–38
    2李广建，王巍巍.国外政府网站整合服务研究[J].情报科学，2011，29(4):486-491
    3汪晓胜.市级政府网站在线服务体系建设研究[J].中国科技信息，2011(7):99
    4孙铭丽，吴鹏，张红.基于用户心智模型的政府网站可访问性研究[J].情报理论与实践，2012(10):75-80
    5乔祥杰.政府网站视觉设计对提升政府形象的重要性[J].科技情报开发与经济，2012,22(17):70-71.
    6曹凌,耿鹏.政府网站用户引导模式的实证分析[J].情报科学，2012(2):216-220
    7齐慧杰，刘艳丹，李平，孙晓礼.国外政府网站互动新媒体应用研究及建议[J].信息化建设，2010(9):46-49
    8甘雨婷.移动互联网助推政府网站服务创新[J].电子政务，2011(9):110-113
    9方晓.浅谈构建服务型政府网站[J].厦门科技，2012(4):34-36
    10王婷.精简与整合中国政府网站的构想[J].现代交际，2011(6):99
    11陆春一.国外政府网站服务功能建设的经验与启示[J].商场现代化，2011(7):81-82
    1方晓.浅谈构建服务型政府网站[J].厦门科技，2012(4):34-36
    2Lemuria Carter&Vishanth Weerakkody. E-government adoption-A cultural comparison[J]. Information SystemFront (2008)10:473–482
    3Mahmud Akhter Shareef, Vinod Kumar, Uma Kumar, Yogesh K. Dwivedi. e-Government Adoption Model(GAM)-Differing service maturity levels[J]. Government Information Quarterly28(2011)17–35
    4Gilad Ravid, Judit Bar-Ilan and Shifra Baruchson-Arbib, Sheizaf Rafaeli. Popularity and findability through loganalysis of search terms and queries-the case of a multilingual public service website. Journal of InformationScience,200733:567
    5龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    6Belkin, N. J. A concept of information for information science[D]. University College, University ofLondon.1977
    7Taylor, R. S. Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries[J]. College and Research Libraries,29,178-194.and Research Libraries,29,178-194.
    1Wersig,G. Information–Kommunikation–Dokumentation[D]. Pullach beiMunchen: VerlagDokumentation.1971
    2Dervin, B. An overview of Sense-Making research: Concepts, methods, and results to date[C]. Paper presentedat the International Communication Association Anual Meeting, Dallas.1983
    3Belkin, N. J. The cognitive viewpoint in information science[J]. Journal of Information Science,199016,11-15.
    4Belkin, N. J.. Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval[J]. Canadian Journal ofInformation Science,1980.5,133-143.
    5Belkin, N. J., Oddy, R. N.,&Brooks, H. M.. ASK for information retrieval. Parts I and2[J]. Journal ofDocumentation,1982,38(2),61-71;145-164.
    6Belkin, N. J.,&Kwasnik, B. H. Using structural representations of anomalous states of knowledge for choosingdocument retrieval strategies[C]. In F. Rabitti (Ed.),1986–ACM conference on research and development ininformation retrieval (PPII-22). Pisa: IEI.
    7Todd, R. J.. Back to our beginnings: Information utilization, Bertram Brookes and the fundamental equation ofinformation science[J]. Information Processing&Management,1999,35,851-870.
    8Brookes, B.. Measurement in information science: Objective and subjective metrical space[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science,1980,31,248-255.
    9H. Bruce."The pain hypothesis"[M], in KE Fisher, S. Erdelez, EF McKechnie (Eds), Information Today,Medford, NJ.2005, pp.270-274
    10Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change[J]. Psychological Review,1977.84,191-215.
    11Weiner, B.. An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion[J]. Psychological Review,1985.92,548-573.
    12Elliott, E. S.,&Dwek, C. S.. Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement[J]. Journal of Personality andSocial Psychology,1988.54,5-12.
    13Ryan, R. M.,&Deci, E. L. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions[J].Contemporary Educational Psychology,2001.25,54-56.
    14Chatman, E. A. A theory of life in the round[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1999.50,207-217.
    1Spink, A.,&Cole, C.(2001). Introduction to the special issue: Everyday life information-seeking research.Library&Information Research,23(4),301-304.
    2Certeau, M. de.(1984). The practice of everyday life. S. Rendell (Trans.), Berkeley, CA: Univornia Press.
    3Savolainen, R (1995). Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of―way of life.‖Library and Information Science Research,17,259-294.
    4Weick, K.(1995). Sense making in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    5Vicente, K. J.(1999). Cognitive work analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    6Bystrom, K.(2002). Information and information sources in tasks of varying complexity. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology,53,581-591
    7Bystrom, K.,&Hansen, P.(2002). Work tasks as unit for analysis in information seek-ing and retrieval studies. InBruce, H., Fidel, R., Ingwersen, P., and Vakkari, p.(Eds.), Proceedings of the fourth international conference onConceptions of library and information science (PP239-251). Greenwood Village, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    8Leckie, G., Pettigrew, K.,&. Sylvain, C.(1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: A generalmodel derived from research on engineers, health care pro-fessionals and lawyers. Library Quarterly,66(2),161-193.
    9Wilkinson, M. A.(2001). Information sources used by lawyers in problem solving: Anempirical exploration.Library&Information Science Research,23(3),257-276.
    10Vakkari, p.(2003). Task-based information searching. Annual Review of Information lScience andTechnology,37,413-464.
    11Mellon, C.(1986). Library anxiety: A grounded theory and its development. College Research Libraries,47,160-165.
    1Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&Turnbull, D.(1998). A behavioral model of information seeking on the web:Preliminary results of a study of how managers and IT specialists use the Web. Proceedings of the61stAnnualMeeting of the American Society of Information Science,35,290-302.
    2Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&Turnbull, D.(1999). Information seeking on the Web: An integrated model ofbrowsing and searching. Proceedings of the62ndAnnual Meeting of the American Society of Information Science,Washington,36,3-16.
    3Knowledge work on the World wide web Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic knowledge work on theWorld Wide Web. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    4Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&.Turnbull, D.(2000b). Working the Web: An empirical model of the Web use. Paperpresented at the33rdHawaii International Conference on Science (HICSS), Maui, HI.
    5Wilson, p (1983). Second-hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
    6Bandura, A.(1986). Social foundation of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
    7Hall, E. T.(1976). Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
    8Hofstede, G. H.(2001). Culture s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizationsacross natiOns (2nded.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    9Steinwachs, K.(1999). Information and culture: The impact of national culture on information processes basedon the theories of sociologist Geert Hofstede. Journal of Information Science,25,193-204.
    10Iivonen, M.,&White, M. D.(2001). The choice of initial web search strategies: A comparison between Finnishand American searchers. Journal of Documentation57,465-491
    11Komlodi, A.,Weimin H., Jofoldi, H., Kessel, R., Riggs, T., Liang, C.,&Haidar, T.(2004). Cross-culturalcomparison of Web searching behavior. In M. Khosrow.Pour(Ed.), Proceedings of the15thinternational conferenceof the information resources management association (PP I I69-I I70) Hershey, PA: IRM Press.
    1Komlodi, A.,&Carlin, M.. Identifying cultural variables in information-seeking behavior. Americas Conferenceon Information Systems2004, New York, NY.
    2Rogers, E. M.(2003). Diffusion of innovations (5rh ed.). New York: Free Press.
    3Chatman, E. A.(1986). Diffusion theory: a review and test of a conceptual model in information diffusion.Journal of the American Society for Information Science,37,377-386.
    4Marshall, J.(1990). Diffusion of innovation theory and end-user searching. Library and Information ScienceResearch,12(1),55-69.
    5Barzilai-Nahon,1c.(2004). Gatekeepers and gatekeeping mechanisms in networks. Unpublished dal dissertation,Tel-Aviv UniveTel.Aviv, Israel.
    6Sonnenwald, Diane H. Evolving Perspectives of Human Information Behavior: Contexts, Situations, SocialNetworks and Information Horizons1999:176-190Exploring the Contexts of Information Behavior: Proceedingsof the Second International Conference in Information Needs
    7Wu, M. M.(1993). Information interaction dialogue: A study of patron elicitation in the information retrievalinteraction*(Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey,1993). Dissertation AbstractsInternational54,1131.
    8Dillon, J. T.(1990). The practice of questioning. New York: Routledge.
    9Gross, M.(1995). The imposed query. RQ35,236-243.
    10Gross, M.(1997). Pilot study on the prevalence of imposed queries in a school library media center. SchoolLibrary Media Quarterly,25,157-166.
    1Gross, M.(1998). The imposed query: Implications for library service evaluation. Reference&User ServicesQuarterly,37,290-299.
    2Gross, M.(1999b). Imposed versus self,generated questions: Implications for referencepractice. Reference andUser Services Quarterly,39,53-61.
    3Gross, M.(2000). Imposed and self-generated queries in the elementary school environment. In R. M. Branch&M. A. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Educational media and techlogy yearbook2000(pp.120-129). Englewood, CO: LibrariesUnlimited, Inc.
    4Gross, M.(2000b). The imposed query and information services for children. Journal of Youth Services inLibraries,13,10-17.
    5Gross, M.(200I). Imposed information seeking in school library media centers and public libraries: A commonbehavior? Information Research,6. Retrieved September10,2003, fromwww.shef.ac.uk/-is/publications/infres/6-2/paper100.html
    6Vakkari, p.(2003). Task-based information searching. Annual Review of Information Science&Technology,37,413-464.
    7Taylor, R. S.(1991). Information use environments. In B. Dervin&. M. J. Voigt (Eds.),Progress incommunication sciences (pP217-255). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    8Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York:Harper&Row.
    9Trevino, L. K.,&Webster, J.(1992). Flow in computer mediated communication. Communication Research,19,
    539-573.
    10Webster, J., Trevino, L. K.,&Ryan, L.(1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human computerinteractions. Computers in Human Behavior,9,411-426.
    11Chen, H., Wigand, R. T.,&Nilan, M.(1999). Flow experiences on the Web. Computersin Human Behavior,15,454-608.
    12American Library Association.(1989). Presidential Committee on InformationLiteracy. Final Report. Chicago:American Library Association.
    13Kuhlthau, C.(2004). Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and informationservices (2‘d edition).Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
    14Eisenberg, M. B.,&Berlcowitz, R. E.(1990). Information Problem-solving: The Big Six skills approach tolibrary&information skills instruction. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
    1Great Plains National (Firm); American Association of School Librarians.; Association for EducationalCommunications and Technology. AASL/AECT information literacy standards for student learning in action.Lincoln, Neb.: Distributed by GPN,1998.
    2Stripling, B.,&Pitts, J.(1988). Brainstorms and blueprints: Teaching library research as a thinking process.Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
    3Miller. S. M.(1980). When is a little information a dangerous thing? Coping with stressful events by monitoringversus blunting. In S. Levine&H. Ursing (Eds.),Coping and health (PP I45-169). NY: Plenum.
    4Miller, S. M.(1987). Monitoring and blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assess styles of informationseeking under threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52(2),345-353.
    5Miller, S. M.(1990). To see or not to see: Cognitive informational styles in the copingprocess. In M. Rosenlxum(Ed.), Learned resourcefulness (pp.95-126). New York:Springer.
    6Krikelas, J.(1983). Information-seeking behavior: Patterns and concepts. DrexelLibrary Quarterly,19,5-20.
    7Dervin, B.(1992). From the mind‘s eye of the user: The Sense-Making qualitative-quantitative methodology. InJ. D. Glazier,&R. R. Powell (Eds.), Qualitative research in information management (PP6I-84). Englewood,CO: Libraries Unlimited
    8Sandstrom, p. E.(1999). Scholars as subsistence foragers. Bulletin of the AmericanSociety for InformationScience,25,17-20.
    9Sandstrom, p. E.(1994). An optimal foraging approach to information seeking and use.The Library Quarte‘rly,64,414-449.
    10Cronin, B.,&Hert, C. A.(1995). Scholarly foraging and network discovery tools. Journal of Documentation,51,388-403.
    11Pirolli, p.,&Card, S.(1995). Information foraging in information access environments. In Proceedings of theCHI ‘95AClvI conference on human factors in software (pp.I-58). New York: ACM.
    12Pirolli, p.,&Card, S.(1999). Information foraging. Psychological Review,100,-675.
    13Rajala, A.,&Hantula, D.(2000). Toward a behavioral ecology of consumption: Delay reduction effects onforaging in a simulated Internet mall. Managerial and Decision Economics,21,145-158.
    14Mantovani, G.(2001). The psychological construction of the internet: From information foraging to socialgathering to cultural mediation. CyberPsychology&Behavior,4,47-56.
    15Friedman, B.(Ed.).(1997). Human values and the design of computer technology. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.
    16Friedman, B., Howe, D. C.,&. Felten, E.(2002). Informed consent m the Mozilla browser: Implementingvalue-sensitive design. Proceedings of HICSS.35, IEEE Computer Society.
    1Friedman, B., Kahn, p. H. Jr.,&Borning, A.(2002). Value sensitive design: Theory and methods. Universityof Washington Computer Science&Engineering Technical, December2002.
    2Nahl, Diane.(2004). Measuring the Affective Information Environment of Web Searchers. Proceedings of the67thannual meeting of the American society for information science&technology,41. Medford, NJ: InformationToday.
    3Leckie, G., Pettigrew, K.,&. Sylvain, C.(1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: A generalmodel derived from research on engineers, health care pro-fessionals and lawyers. Library Quarterly,66(2),161-193.
    4Mokros, H., Mullins, L. S.,&. Saracevic, T.(1995). Practice and personhood in professional interaction: Socialidentities and information needs. Library＆Information Science Research,17,237-257.
    5Sundin. O (2002). Nurses‘information seeking and use as participation in occupational communities. NewReview of Information Behaviour Research,3,187-202.
    6Sundin, O.(2003). Towards an understanding of symbolic aspects of professional information: An analysis of thenursing knowledge domain. Knowledge Organization,2003, vol.30, pp.170-181
    7Tuominen, K.(1997). User-centered discourse: An analysis of the subject positions of the user and the librarian.The Library Quarterly,67,350-371.
    8Hjorland, B.,&Albrechtsen, H.(1995). Toward a new horizon in information science:domain-analysis. Journalof the American Society for Information Science,46,400-425.
    9Talja, S.,&Maula, H.(2003). Reasons for the use and non-use of electronic journalsand databases: a domamanalytic study in four scholarly disciplines. Journal of Documentation,59,673-691.
    10Bates, M. J.(2002). Speculations on browsing, directed searching, and linking in relation to the Bradforddistribution. In H. Bruce, R. Fidel, p Ingwersen,&P.Vakkari (Eds.), Emerging frameworks and methods:Proceedings of the fourth international conference on conceptions of library and information science (CoLIS4)(PP137-149). Greenwood Village, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    11Bates, M. J.(1996). Learning about the information seeking of interdisciplinary schoolars and students. LibraryTrends,45,155-164.
    12Palmer, C. L.(1999). Aligning studies of information seeking and use with domain analysis. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science,50,1139-1140.
    1Given, L. M.(2000).The social construction of the―mature student‖identity: Effects and implications foracademic information behaviours. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, the University of Western Ontario, London,Canada.
    2Given, L. M.(2002). Discursive constructions in the university context: Social positioning theory and matureundergraduates‘information behaviours. The New Review of Information Behaviour Research,3,127-141.
    3McKenzie, P.J.,&Carey, R. F.(2000).―What‘s wrong with that woman?―: Positioning theory andinformation-seeking behavior. In A. Kublik (Ed.), CAIS2000:Dimensions of a global information science:Proceedings of the28thannual conference of the Canadian association for information science, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada. Retrieved June11,2004, from www.cais,acsi.ca/proceedings/2000/mckenzie_2000.pdf
    4Taylor, R. S.(1968). Question,negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College凸Rearch Libraries,29(3),178-194.
    5Krikelas, J.(1983). Information-seeking behavior: Patterns and concepts. DrexelLibrary Quarterly,19,5-20.
    6Case, D.0.(2002). Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs and behavior.San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    7Ellis, D.(1987). The derivation of a behavioral model for information system design.ublished doctoraldissertation, University of Sheffield, England.
    8Ellis, D.(1989a). A behavioral approach to information retrieval system design. Journal of Documentation,45,17I-212.
    9Ellis, D.(1989b). A behavioral model for information retrieval system design. Journal of Information Science,15,237-247.
    10Ellis, D.(1993). Modeling the information seeking patterns of academic researchers: A grounded theoryapproach. Library Quarterly,63,469-486.
    11Ellis, D., Cox,11D.,&Hall, K.(1993). A comparison of the information seeking patterns of researchers in thephysical and social sciences. Journal of Documentation,49,356-369
    12Ellis, D.,8t Haugan, M.(1997). Modeling the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists
    1Ingwersen, P.(1996). Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction: Elements of a cognitive IRtheory. Journal of Documentation,52(I),3-50.
    2Ingwersen, p.(2001). Cognitive information retrieval. In: lvl-Williams (Ed.), AnnualReview of InformationScience and Technology,34,3-5I.
    3Ingwersen, p (1992). Information retrieval interaction. London: Taylor Graham.
    4Ingwersen, P.,&Jarvelin, K.(2005). The turn: The integration of information seeking and retrieval in context.Springer, Netherland
    5Kuhlthau, C.(2004). Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and information services (2‘d edition).Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
    6Chang, S.J. L.(1995). Toward a multidimensional framework for understanding rowsing (Doctoral dissertation,Rutgers University,1995). Dissertation Abstracts International,57,494.
    7Herner, S.(1970). Browsing. In Encyclopedia of library and information science (Vol.3, PP408-415). NewYork: Marcel Dekker.
    8刘合翔.基于社会化推荐的网络浏览行为分析[J].图书情报工作,2010,(16):50-53
    9Bates, M. J.(1989). The design of browsing and berry picking techniques for the online search interface. OnlineReview,13(5),407-424.
    10Foster, A. E.(2004). A nonlinear model of information seeking behavior. Journal of the American Society for
    Information Science and Technology,55,228-237.1Erdelez, S.(1997). Information encountering: A conceptual framework for accidental information discovery. In p.Vakkari, R. Savolainen,&B. Dervin (Eds.),Information seeking in context: Proceedings of internationalconference on research in information needs, seeking and use in different contexts (PP412-42I). London: lorGraham.
    2http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%81%B6%E9%81%87
    3Erdelez, S.(2000). Towards understanding information encountering on the Web. In D.H. Kraft (Ed.),Proceedings of the63rdannual meeting of the American society for information science (pp.363-37I). Medford, NJ:Information Today.
    4Erdelez, S.(2004). Investigation of information encountering in the controlled research environment.Information Processing&Management,40,1013-1025
    5Erdelez, S.,&Rioux, K.(2000). Sharing information encountered for others on the Web. The New Review ofInformation Behavior Research,1,219-233.
    6McKechnie, L.(1997). Vygotsky‘s zone of proximal development: A useful theoretical approach for researchconcerning children, libraries, and information. Journal of Youth Services in Libraries11(1),66-70.
    7Vygotsky, L. S.(1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psyc入ologicalprocesses. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
    8Dervin, B.(1976). The everyday information needs of the average citizen: A taxonomy for analysis. In M.Kochen,&J. P. Donohue (Eds.), Information for the community I9-38]. Chicago: American Library Association.
    9Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(1999). The information needs and the information seeking behavior of a nationsample of the population in the United Kingdom. Journal of Documentation,55(2),159-183.
    10Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000a). Information need, information seeking behavior and participation withspecial needs related to citizenship: Results of asurvey. Journal Documentation,56(2),136-160.
    11Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000b). The impact of social class and status on citizenship information needs.Journal of Information Science,26(4),239-254.
    1Jansen, BernardJ. Handbook of research on web log analysis[M]. Information Science Reference.2008
    2Stephen Asunka. Understanding Academic Information Seeking Habits through Analysis of Web Server LogFiles: The Case of the Teachers College Library Website[J]. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, Volume35,Issue1, January2009, Pages33–45
    3Jamalzadeh, Mohammadamin. Analysis of Clickstream Data[D]. University of Durham,2011
    4Ting, I-Hsien; Clark, Lillian; Kimble, Chris. Identifying web navigation behaviour and patterns automaticallyfrom clickstream data[J]. International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology,03/2009,卷5,期4, pp.398–426
    5Satu Hy kki. Eye Tracking in User Research[J]. Interdisciplinary Studies Journal,2012,卷1,期4, p.65
    6An, Yu Shun. Usability Evaluation Research on Mobile Phone User Interface Based on Eye-tracking[D].Zhejiang University,2008
    7Harris, R. M.(1992). Librarianship: The erosion of a womans profession. Norwood,NJ: Ablex.
    8Walter,V.(2001). Children and libraries: getting it right. Chicago: American LibraryAssociation.
    9Dervin, B.(1983, May). An overview of Sense-Making research: Concepts, methods, and results to date. Paperpresented at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Dallas.
    10Dervin, B.(1992). From the mind‘s eye of the user: The Sense-Making qualitative-quantitative methodology. InJ. D. Glazier,&R. R. Powell (Eds.), Qualitative research in information management (PP6I-84). Englewood,CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    11Dervin, B.(1999). On studying information seeking methodologically: The implications of connectingmetatheory to method. Information Processing and Management35,727-750.
    12Savolainen, R.(1993). The Sense-Making theory: Reviewing the interests of a user-centered approach toinformation seeking and use. Information Processing&Management,29,13-28.
    13Zipf, G. K.(1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introductionto human ecology.Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
    1Hardy, A.(1982). The selection of channels when seeking information: Cost/benefit vs.least effort. InformationProcessing&Management18,289-293.
    2Huberman, B., Pirolis, p., Pitkow, J.,&Lukose, R.(1998). Strong regularities in World Wide Web surfing.Science,280,95-97.
    3White, H.(2001). Authors as citers over time. Journal of the American Society for Information Science andTechnology,52(2),87-108.
    4Adamic, L. A., Lukose, R. M., Puniyani, A. R.,&Huberman, B. A.(2001). Search in power-law networks.Physical Review E,64,46135.
    5Chang, S. J.,&Rice, R. E.(1993). Browsing: a multidimensional framework. Annual Review of InformationScience and Technology,28,23I-276.
    6Catledge, L. D.,&Pitkow, J. E.(1995). Characterizing browsmg strategies in the World.Wide Web. ComputerNetworks and ISDN Systems,26(6),1065-1073.
    7Erdelez, S.(2000). Towards understanding information encountering on the Web. Information Today.Information Today.
    8Toms, E. G.(2000). Serendipitous information retrieval. Proceedings of the First DELOS Network of ExcellenceWorkshop on Information Seeking, Searching and Querying in Digital Libraries, Zuricland. Available:www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/DelNoeoI/3_Toms.pdf
    9Tompkins, J. p., Ed.(1980). Reader-response criticism: From normalism to post-structuralism. London: JohnsHopkins University Press.
    10Vandergrift, K. E.(1986). Using reader response theory to influence collection development and programplanning for children and youth. In J. Varlejs (Ed.),Information seeking: Basing services on users‘behaviors (pp.53-66). Jefferson,NC: McFarland&Co.
    11Ross, C. S.(1999). Finding without seeking: the information encounter in the context of reading for pleasure.Information Processing&Management35,783-799.][Pawley, C.(2002). Seeking significance‘: Actual readers,specific reading communities.Book History5,143-160.
    12Li Shuangshuang与Chen Yiwen. Clickstream: A New Paradigm to Study on Online Consumer[J]. Advances inPsychological Science,2007.4
    13Randolph E. Bucklin, James M. Lattin, Asim Ansari, Sunil Gupta, David Bell, Eloise Coupey, John D. C. Little,Carl Mela, Alan Montgomery and Joel Steckel. Choice and the Internet: From Clickstream to ResearchStream[J].Marketing Letters, Volume13, Number3,245-258,2003
    1Randolph E. Bucklin, James M. Lattin, Asim Ansari, Sunil Gupta, David Bell, Eloise Coupey, John D. C. Little,Carl Mela, Alan Montgomery and Joel Steckel. Choice and the Internet: From Clickstream to ResearchStream[J].Marketing Letters, Volume13, Number3,245-258,2003
    2Randolph E. Bucklin&Catarina Sismeiro. A Model of Web Site Browsing Behavior Estimated on ClickstreamData[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.40, No.3(Aug.,2003)(pp.249-267)
    3ule Gündüz, M. Tamer zsu. A Web page prediction model based on click-stream tree representation of userbehavior[C]. KDD '03Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discoveryand data mining.535-540
    4Alan L. Montgomery, Shibo Li, Kannan Srinivasan and John C. Liechty. Modeling Online Browsing and PathAnalysis Using Clickstream Data[J].Marketing Science,Vol.23, No.4(Fall,2004)(pp.579-595)
    5Arindam Banerjee, Joydeep Ghosh. Concept-based Clustering of Clickstream Data[EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.9523
    6Daniel Barbará,Chandrika Kamath. On using page cooccurrences for computing clickstreamsimilarity[EB/OL](2012.7.15). Proceedings of the Third SIAM International Conference on DataMining,http://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=AyJ9xrrwDnIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA154&dq=%E5%9C%A8%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98:+clickstream&ots=K_HzndHXTY&sig=WZFTa9hXEezrdA_btf-gGOtP6Fs&redir_esc=y&hl=zh-CN&sourceid=cndr#v=onepage&q&f=false
    7I-Hsien Ting. UBB mining: finding unexpected browsing behaviour in clickstream data to improve a Web site'sdesign[C]. Web Intelligence,2005. Proceedings. The2005IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference.pp:179-185
    8I-Hsien Ting, Lillian Clark, Chris Kimble, Daniel Kudenko and Peter Wright.APD-A Tool for IdentifyingBehavioural Patterns Automatically from Clickstream Data[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2007, Volume4693/2007,66-73
    9Adomavicius&Gupta, Eds. Handbooks in Information Systems, Vol3[M].Emerald Group Publishing2009
    10Lin Lu，Margaret Dunham，Yu Meng. Discovery of Significant Usage Patterns from Clusters of ClickstreamData[EB/Ol](2012.7.15). http://lyle.smu.edu/~mhd/8331sp08/sup.pdf
    1Wendy W. Moe, Peter S. Fader. Capturing evolving visit behavior in clickstream data[J]. Journal of InteractiveMarketing, Volume18, Issue1, pages5–19, Winter2004
    2Awad, N. F., Jones, J. L.,&Zhang, J. Does search mater? Using online clickstream data to examine therelationship between online search and purchase behavior[C]. In D. Straub, S. Klein, W. Haseman,&C.Washburne (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Conference on Information Systems (pp.1159–1174). Milwaukee, WI: Association for Information Systems.
    3Jungkun Parka*&Hoeun Chunga. Consumers‘travel website transferring behaviour: analysis using clickstreamdata-time, frequency, and spending[J]. The Service Industries Journal, Volume29, Issue10,2009. pages1451-1463
    4Hartmut Obendorf，Harald Weinreich，Eelco Herder，Eelco Herder. Web page revisitation revisited:implications of a long-term click-stream study of browser usage[C]. CHI '07Proceedings of the SIGCHIconference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM New York, NY, USA, Pages597-606
    5Yanbin Liu. A Study of User Downloading Behavior in Mobile Internet Using Clickstream Data[C]. IntelligentInformation Technology and Security Informatics (IITSI),2010Third International Symposium. On Page(s):255-257
    1JAMALZADEH, MOHAMMADAMIN. Analysis of Clickstream Data[D]. Durham University,2011
    2Toshihiko Yamakami. A Mobile Clickstream Time Zone Analysis: Implications for Real-Time MobileCollaboration[C]. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Lecture Notes in ComputerScience,2004, Volume3214/2004,855-861.
    3Yamakami, T. Regularity Analysis Using Time Slot Counting in the Mobile Clickstream[C]. Database andExpert Systems Applications,2006. DEXA '06.17th International Workshop. Res.&Dev., ACCESS, Tokyo,55-59
    4Toshihiko Yamakami.Exploratory Session Analysis in the Mobile Clickstream[J]. Information and MediaTechnologies, Vol.2(2007), No.1pp.401-407
    5Toshihiko Yamakami.Markov Model Based Mobile Clickstream Analysis with Sub-day, Day and Week-ScaleTransitions[C]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2007, Volume4694/2007,507-513
    6Yamakami, T.Exploratory Day-Scale Behavior Assumption-Based User Clustering with the MobileClickstream[C]. Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies,2007. PDCAT '07. EighthInternational Conference,169–170
    7Toshihiko Yamakami. Inter-service revisit analysis of three user groups using intra-day behavior in the mobileclickstream[C]. ICHIT '09Proceedings of the2009International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology.
    8LIU Yan-bin,YUAN Ping. An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Website Stickiness and PurchaseQuantity——Based on Users' Clickstream Data in Mobile Service[J]. Soft Science,2010-01
    9Yanbin Liu. A study of user evolving visit behavior in mobile service using clickstream data[C].ComputerScience and Service System (CSSS),2011International Conference, pp:3830–3834
    10Paul S. Richardson. The Impact of Direct Appeals on Clickstream and Response at Promotional Websites[J].Journal of Website Promotion, Volume2, Issue1-2,2006, pages37-51
    11Martijn Kagie Michiel van Wezel Patrick J.F. Groenen. Attribute Weighting Based on Clickstream Analysis inProduct Catalog Maps[EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://browsingmap.com/doc/iv_abstract.pdf
    1Wang Jie. The Study on Clickstream-Based E-Commerce Personalized Service Mode[C]. E-Business andE-Government (ICEE),2010International Conference, pp:161-163
    2R. Dale Wilson,(2010)"Using clickstream data to enhance business-to-business web site performance", Journalof Business&Industrial Marketing, Vol.25Iss:3, pp.177–187
    3Singh, Man Jit, Cancel, David. Systems and methods for clickstream analysis to modify an off-line businessprocess involving automobile sales[P]，No.: US7,730,120.2010
    4Tingliang Huang, Jan A. Van Mieghem. Clickstream data and inventory management: Model and empiricalanalysis[EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/vanmieghem/htm/pubs/Huang_VanMieghem_2011_clickstreamdatainventoryAuthors_Dec052011.pdf
    5Huang Tingliang. Essays on the Role of Clickstream Tracking Technology and Consumer Behavior inOperations Management[D]. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY,2011
    6Huang, Tingliang. The Value of Clickstream Tracking: Advance Demand Information, Product Personalizationand Personalized Pricing[EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://ssrn.com/abstract=1916626
    7Sangin Park, Hong-Seok Bok, and Jaebok Lee. ASSESSING E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES FROMCITIZENS‘CLICKSTREAM DATA [EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://www.kapa21.or.kr/data/data_download.php?did=3360
    8Sangin Park, Hong-Seok Bok, and Yeon-Tae Choi. Evaluating e-government from citizens‘clickstreamdata[EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://www.kapa21.or.kr/data/data_download.php?did=3724
    9WANG Jun-hao, LIU Yan-jie. Application research of clickstream data analysis based on e-government[J].Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction,2010-01
    10龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    11Alan L. Montgomery. Using Clickstream Data to Predict WWW Usage[R/OL](2012.7.15). Carnegie MellonUniversity,1999
    12Gündüz. Recommendation models for Web users: User interest model and clickstream tree[D]. IstanbulTechnical University,2003
    13Pawel J. Kalczynski, Sylvain Senecal, Jacques Nantel. Predicting On-Line Task Completion with ClickstreamComplexity Measures: A Graph-Based Approach[J]. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Volume10,Number3/Spring2006,121-141
    1Jacek Gwizdka, Ian Spence. Implicit measures of lostness and success in web navigation[J]. Interacting withComputers19(2007)357–369
    2Peter I. Hofgesang. Web Usage Mining：Structuring semantically enriched clickstream data[D]. VrijeUniversiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. August2004
    3Lillian Clark, I-Hsien Ting, Chris Kimble, Peter Wright, Daniel Kudenko. Combining ethnographic andclickstream data to identify user browsing strategies[J]. Information Research, Vol.11, No.2.(19January2006)
    4Clark, L., Ting, I., Kimble, C., Wright, P.&Kudenko, D. Combining ethnographic and clickstream data toidentify user Web browsing strategies[J]. Information Research,11(2) paper249
    5Chang, Peishih. Sifting customers from the clickstream: behavior pattern discovery in a virtual shoppingenvironment[D]. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Dept. of Information Systems,2007
    6Tom Breur. Data analysis across various media: Data fusion, direct marketing, clickstream data and socialmedia[J]. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice (2011)13,95–105
    7Mehrdad Jalali, and Norwati Mustapha. Semantic Clickstream Mining[EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://www.lidi.info.unlp.edu.ar/WorldComp2011-Mirror/SWW2705.pdf
    1夏义堃.中外政府网站公众接受度与利用状况的比较分析[J],电子政务,2009(8):38-43
    2黄涛.面向目标、面向顾客、面向问题——澳大利亚电子政务建设模式评述[J].信息化建设,2006(6):41-42
    3邹倩瑜.浅析我国政府网站互动栏目构建现状[J].科技信息，2012(2):60
    4张啸然.基于“顾客访问量”的政府网站绩效评估[J].中国信息界，2012(4):71-73
    5李丽,姚芳敏,牛奔.2011年广东省政府网站评价研究[J].电子政务，2012(9):107-113
    6龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    3龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    1储建华.在创新中提升政府网站形象[J].信息化建设，2011(4):40-41
    1井西晓.拓展政府网站公共服务的路径——以创新扩散理论为视角[J].理论探索，2011(4):110-112
    2Bhattacherjee A．Understanding Information Systems Continuance：An Expectation-CcmfirrmfionModel[J]．MIS Quarterly，2001，25(3)：35l-370
    3Limayem M,Hirt SG, Chetmg CMK．Habit in the Context of IS continuance：Theory Extension and ScaleDevelopment[A]。in Proeeedings of the Eleventh European Conference on Information Systems,2003,Naples，Italy. June:19-21
    1Durrance, J. C. Factors that influence reference success: What makes questioners willing to return?[J] TheReference Librarian,1995.49/5.0,243-265.
    2Randolph E. Bucklin&Catarina Sismeiro. A Model of Web Site Browsing Behavior Estimated on ClickstreamData[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.40, No.3(Aug.,2003)(pp.249-267)
    3Wendy W. Moe, Peter S. Fader. Capturing evolving visit behavior in clickstream data[J]. Journal of InteractiveMarketing, Volume18, Issue1, pages5–19, Winter2004
    4Yanbin Liu. A study of user evolving visit behavior in mobile service using clickstream data[C].ComputerScience and Service System (CSSS),2011International Conference, pp:3830–3834
    1Awad, N. F., Jones, J. L.,&Zhang, J. Does search mater? Using online clickstream data to examine therelationship between online search and purchase behavior[C]. In D. Straub, S. Klein, W. Haseman,&C.Washburne (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Conference on Information Systems (pp.1159–1174). Milwaukee, WI: Association for Information Systems.
    22012年中国互联网发展报告[EB/OL].[2013-2-10]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c4caff186c175f0e7cd13755.html
    3龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    4Gilad Ravid, Judit Bar-Ilan and Shifra Baruchson-Arbib, Sheizaf Rafaeli. Popularity and findability through loganalysis of search terms and queries-the case of a multilingual public service website. Journal of InformationScience,200733:567
    1Chang, S.J. L.(1995). Toward a multidimensional framework for understanding rowsing (Doctoral dissertation,Rutgers University,1995). Dissertation Abstracts International,57,494.
    1Sandstrom, p. E.(1994). An optimal foraging approach to information seeking and use.The Library Quarte‘rly,64,414-449.
    2Randolph E. Bucklin&Catarina Sismeiro. A Model of Web Site Browsing Behavior Estimated on ClickstreamData[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.40, No.3(Aug.,2003)(pp.249-267)
    1Hartmut Obendorf，Harald Weinreich，Eelco Herder，Eelco Herder. Web page revisitation revisited:implications of a long-term click-stream study of browser usage[C]. CHI '07Proceedings of the SIGCHIconference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM New York, NY, USA, Pages597-606
    1Hartmut Obendorf，Harald Weinreich，Eelco Herder，Eelco Herder. Web page revisitation revisited:implications of a long-term click-stream study of browser usage[C]. CHI '07Proceedings of the SIGCHIconference on Human factors in computing systems, ACM New York, NY, USA, Pages597-606
    1赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    2Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(1999). The information needs and the information seeking behavior of a nationsample of the population in the United Kingdom. Journal of Documentation,55(2),159-183.
    3Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000a). Information need, information seeking behavior and participation withspecial needs related to citizenship: Results of asurvey. Journal Documentation,56(2),136-160.
    4Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000b). The impact of social class and status on citizenship information needs.Journal of Information Science,26(4),239-254.
    5C. Nadine Wathen, Sandra McKeown. Can the government really help？Online information for womenexperiencing violence[J]. Government Information Quarterly27(2010)170–176
    6Lynn Westbrook. E-government support for people in crisis-An evaluation of police department website supportfor domestic violence survivors using―person-in-situation‖information need analysis[J]. Library&InformationScience Research30(2008)22–38
    7杜治洲,汪玉凯.电子政务条件下善治政府的发展趋势——政府与公众互动的视角[J].新视野，2009(2):45-47
    8邹倩瑜.浅析我国政府网站互动栏目构建现状[J].科技信息，2012(2):60
    9卢火焱.政府门户网站政民互动功能绩效评估指标体系设计研究[J].电子政务，2011(7):80-85
    1邹倩瑜.浅析我国政府网站互动栏目构建现状[J].科技信息，2012(2):60
    1Editorial.The E-Government paradox: Better customer service doesn't necessarily cost less[J].GovernmentInformation Quarterly25(2008)149–154
    2Wilson, p (1983). Second-hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
    3Bandura, A.(1986). Social foundation of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
    1田晔.公民的电子化参与行为-对政府网站的使用情况[J].中国对外贸易,2010(19)
    2Jooho Lee, Hyun Joon Kimb, Michael J. Ahn. The willingness of e-Government service adoption by businessusers-The role of offline service quality and trust in technology[J]. Government Information Quarterly28(2011)222–230
    3赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    4Rogers, E. M.(2003). Diffusion of innovations (5rh ed.). New York: Free Press.
    5Chatman, E. A.(1986). Diffusion theory: a review and test of a conceptual model in information diffusion.Journal of the American Society for Information Science,37,377-386.
    6Marshall, J.(1990). Diffusion of innovation theory and end-user searching. Library and Information ScienceResearch,12(1),55-69.
    7Ooh Kim Lean, Suhaiza Zailani, T. Ramayah, Yudi Fernando. Factors influencing intention to use e-governmentservices among citizens in Malaysia[J]. International Journal of Information Management29(2009)458–475
    8Tarun Abhichandani. Evaluation of E-Government Initiatives for Citizen-Centric Delivery: Analysis of OnlinePublic Transit Information Services[D]. Claremont Graduate University:2008
    1Pieter Verdegem, Gino Verleye. User-centered E-Government in practice: A comprehensive model for measuringuser satisfaction[J]. Government Information Quarterly26(2009)487–497
    2Maliha Zaman. Quality of public sector website and its impact on citizen involvement[D]. DrexelUniversity,2010
    3Wu, M. M.(1993). Information interaction dialogue: A study of patron elicitation in the information retrievalinteraction*(Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey,1993). Dissertation AbstractsInternational54,1131.
    4Sylvain Senecala,Pawel J. Kalczynskib，Jacques Nantelc. Consumers' decision-making process and their onlineshopping behavior: a clickstream analysis[J]. Journal of Business Research, Volume58, Issue11, November2005,Pages1599–1608
    5Barzilai-Nahon,1c.(2004). Gatekeepers and gatekeeping mechanisms in networks. Unpublished dal dissertation,Tel-Aviv UniveTel.Aviv, Israel.
    6赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    1Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York:Harper&Row.
    2American Library Association.(1989). Presidential Committee on InformationLiteracy. Final Report. Chicago:American Library Association.
    3Miller. S. M.(1980). When is a little information a dangerous thing? Coping with stressful events by monitoringversus blunting. In S. Levine&H. Ursing (Eds.),Coping and health (PP I45-169). NY: Plenum.
    4Miller, S. M.(1987). Monitoring and blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assess styles of informationseeking under threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52(2),345-353.
    5Miller, S. M.(1990). To see or not to see: Cognitive informational styles in the copingprocess. In M. Rosenlxum(Ed.), Learned resourcefulness (pp.95-126). New York:Springer.
    1Chang, Peishih. Sifting customers from the clickstream: behavior pattern discovery in a virtual shoppingenvironment[D]. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Dept. of Information Systems,2007
    2Lili Wang, Evaluating government Web site with a citizen-centric approach. Syracuse University，Doctor ofPhilosophy (PhD),2010
    3Friedman, B.(Ed.).(1997). Human values and the design of computer technology. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.
    4Friedman, B., Howe, D. C.,&. Felten, E.(2002). Informed consent m the Mozilla browser: Implementingvalue-sensitive design. Proceedings of HICSS.35, IEEE Computer Society.
    5Friedman, B., Kahn, p. H. Jr.,&Borning, A.(2002). Value sensitive design: Theory and methods. Universityof Washington Computer Science&Engineering Technical, December2002.
    6Nahl, Diane.(2004). Measuring the Affective Information Environment of Web Searchers. Proceedings of the
    67thannual meeting of the American society for information science&technology,41. Medford, NJ: InformationToday.
    7Tarun Abhichandani. Evaluation of E-Government Initiatives for Citizen-Centric Delivery: Analysis of OnlinePublic Transit Information Services[D]. Claremont Graduate University:2008
    8Cynthia L. Corritore, Beverly Kracher, Susan Wiedenbeck. On-line trust：concepts, evolving themes, a model[J].International. Journal of Human-Computer Studies,58(2003)737–758
    9France Be′langer, Lemuria Carter. Trust and risk in e-government adoption[J]. Journal of Strategic InformationSystems17(2008)165–176
    10赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    1Leckie, G., Pettigrew, K.,&. Sylvain, C.(1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: A generalmodel derived from research on engineers, health care pro-fessionals and lawyers. Library Quarterly,66(2),161-193.
    2Mokros, H., Mullins, L. S.,&. Saracevic, T.(1995). Practice and personhood in professional interaction: Socialidentities and information needs. Library＆Information Science Research,17,237-257.
    3Sundin. O (2002). Nurses‘information seeking and use as participation in occupational communities. NewReview of Information Behaviour Research,3,187-202.
    4Tuominen, K.(1997). User-centered discourse: An analysis of the subject positions of the user and the librarian.The Library Quarterly,67,350-371.
    5Hjorland, B.,&Albrechtsen, H.(1995). Toward a new horizon in information science:domain-analysis. Journalof the American Society for Information Science,46,400-425.
    6Talja, S.,&Maula, H.(2003). Reasons for the use and non-use of electronic journalsand databases: a domamanalytic study in four scholarly disciplines. Journal of Documentation,59,673-691.
    7Bates, M. J.(1996). Learning about the information seeking of interdisciplinary schoolars and students. LibraryTrends,45,155-164.
    8Palmer, C. L.(1999). Aligning studies of information seeking and use with domain analysis. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science,50,1139-1140.
    9Given, L. M.(2000).The social construction of the―mature student‖identity: Effects and implications foracademic information behaviours. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, the University of Western Ontario, London,Canada.
    10Given, L. M.(2002). Discursive constructions in the university context: Social positioning theory and matureundergraduates‘information behaviours. The New Review of Information Behaviour Research,3,127-141.
    11McKenzie, P.J.,&Carey, R. F.(2000).―What‘s wrong with that woman?―: Positioning theory andinformation-seeking behavior. In A. Kublik (Ed.), CAIS2000:Dimensions of a global information science:Proceedings of the28thannual conference of the Canadian association for information science, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada. Retrieved June11,2004, from www.cais,acsi.ca/proceedings/2000/mckenzie_2000.pdf
    12Wilson, T. D.(2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science,3,49-55.
    13Goldberger, N. R.(1996). Introduction: Looking backward, looking forward. In N. R.Goldberger, J. M. Tarule,B. M. Clinchy,&M. F. Belenky (Eds.), Knowledge, difference, and power: Essays inspired by women‘s ways ofknowing (PP I-2I). NewYork: Basic Books.
    14Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R.,&Tarule, J. M.(1986). Women‘s ways of knowing: Thedevelopment of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books.
    15Chatman, E. A.(1996). The impoverished life-world of outsiders. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science,47,193-206.
    1Chatman, E. A. The diffusion of information among the working poor[D]. University of California,Berkeley.1983
    2Chatman, E. A.(1992). The information world of aging women. Westport, CT:Greenwood Press.
    3Hersberger, J. A.(2002/2003). Are the economically poor information poor? Does the digital divide affect thehomeless and access to information? The Canadian journal of Information and Library Science,27(3),44-63.
    4Fang Wang, Yongbo Chen. From potential users to actual users-Use of e-government service by Chinese migrantfarmer workers[J]. Government Information Quarterly.29(2012) S98–S111
    1Todd, R. J.. Back to our beginnings: Information utilization, Bertram Brookes and the fundamental equation ofinformation science[J]. Information Processing&Management,1999,35,851-870.
    1Editorial.The E-Government paradox: Better customer service doesn't necessarily cost less[J].GovernmentInformation Quarterly25(2008)149–154
    2邓小昭等.网络用户信息行为研究[M].北京：科学出版社，2010.4
    1Bates, M. J.(1989). The design of browsing and berry picking techniques for the online search interface. OnlineReview,13(5),407-424.
    2Foster, A. E.(2004). A nonlinear model of information seeking behavior. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology,55,228-237.
    2李安邦.浅析我国政府网站存在问题与发展趋势[J].科技信息，2011(27):486
    3赵扬,张金龙,李瑞.政府网站的发展对策[J].辽宁经济，2011(5):29-31.
    4傅炜.浅述我国政府网站发展和加拿大政府网站的特点[J].大陆桥视野，2011(8):90，93
    5储建华.在创新中提升政府网站形象[J].信息化建设，2011(4):40-41
    6吴新叶.群体性事件下的政府网站问题与对策——一个比较视角的分析[J].上海行政学院学报，2012(1):28-33
    7卢昌宁.我国政府网站的发展现状及趋势[J].学习月刊，2011(5):91-92
    8李旭.政府网站建设与维护[J].中国电子商务，2012(6):76
    1蔡桂兰.网站绩效评估结果与省直部门电子政务发展分析[J].科技情报开发与科技，2011，21(11):103-106
    2孟小钟,张一哲.我国中小城市政府网站使用问题的原因探究[J].大江周刊（论坛），2011(6):7-8
    3汤丽.政府网站公共服务体系建设的思路[J].电子政务，2011(9):93-97
    4尤少伟，吴鹏等.基于路径搜索法的政府网站分类目录用户心智模型研究[J].图书情报工作，2012(5):129-135
    1孙岩松.从网站定位谈政府网站外文版建设[J].信息化建设，2011(10):38-39
    1齐慧杰，刘艳丹，李平，孙晓礼.国外政府网站互动新媒体应用研究及建议[J].信息化建设，2010(9):46-49
    2甘雨婷.移动互联网助推政府网站服务创新[J].电子政务，2011(9):110-113
    3乔祥杰.政府网站视觉设计对提升政府形象的重要性[J].科技情报开发与经济，2012,22(17):70-71.
    4孙铭丽，吴鹏，张红.基于用户心智模型的政府网站可访问性研究[J].情报理论与实践，2012(10):75-80
    1颜海，朱群俊，汲宇华.服务型政府网站设计理念与风格[J].档案学研究，2011(4):65-67
    2罗玉娟．基于以人为本理念的服务型政府网站构建[J]．现代经济信息2009(11)：248-249．
    1周亮.关于我国政府网站服务能力模型框架的研究[J].城市管理与科技，2012(3):33-36
    2汪晓胜.市级政府网站在线服务体系建设研究[J].中国科技信息，2011(7):99
    3李广建，王巍巍.国外政府网站整合服务研究[J].情报科学，2011，29(4):486-491
    1王婷.精简与整合中国政府网站的构想[J].现代交际，2011(6):99
    2陆春一.国外政府网站服务功能建设的经验与启示[J].商场现代化，2011(7):81-82
    [1]陈建龙.信息服务论[D].北京:北京大学博士论文,2002.
    [2]陈建龙.信息市场经营与信息用户[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1994.
    [3]陈建龙.信息服务与用户研究[M]./吴慰慈.中国高校哲学社会科学发展报告1978-2008:图书馆学、情报学和文献学卷.南宁:广西师范大学出版社,2008:192-208.
    [4]赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
    [5]邓小昭等.网络用户信息行为研究[M].北京：科学出版社，2010.4
    [6]2012年中国互联网发展报告[EB/OL].[2013-2-10]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c4caff186c175f0e7cd13755.html
    [7]八成用户不满意政府网站信息和服务说明啥？[ED/OL](2012.7.15).http://opinion.people.com.cn/GB/16502954.html
    [8]蔡桂兰.网站绩效评估结果与省直部门电子政务发展分析[J].科技情报开发与科技，2011，21(11):103-106
    [9]曹凌,耿鹏.政府网站用户引导模式的实证分析[J].情报科学，2012(2):216-220
    [10]曾裕.公众对政府网站在线办事使用意向影响因素研究——以杭州市和温州市政府网站为例[D]．杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
    [11]储建华.在创新中提升政府网站形象[J].信息化建设，2011(4):40-41
    [12]杜治洲,汪玉凯.电子政务条件下善治政府的发展趋势——政府与公众互动的视角[J].新视野，2009(2):45-47
    [13]方晓.浅谈构建服务型政府网站[J].厦门科技，2012(4):34-36
    [14]傅炜.浅述我国政府网站发展和加拿大政府网站的特点[J].大陆桥视野，2011(8):90，93
    [15]甘黎黎.新公共服务理论视域中的市级政府网站建设[J].重庆三峡学院学报，2011(4):49-52
    [16]甘雨婷.移动互联网助推政府网站服务创新[J].电子政务，2011(9):110-113
    [17]郭俊华.公众接受政府门户网站的影响因素研究[J].上海行政学院学报.2011.1,48-56
    [18]郭俊华.公众接受政府门户网站的影响因素研究[J].上海行政学院学报.2011.1:48-56
    [19]胡承立,张韦.基于CSSCI的中国政府网站研究现状文献计量分析[J].现代情报，2011，31(12):159-165
    [20]黄涛.面向目标、面向顾客、面向问题——澳大利亚电子政务建设模式评述[J].信息化建设,2006(6):41-42
    [21]井西晓.拓展政府网站公共服务的路径——以创新扩散理论为视角[J].理论探索，2011(4):110-112
    [22]李安邦.浅析我国政府网站存在问题与发展趋势[J].科技信息，2011(27):486
    [23]李广建,王巍巍.国外政府网站整合服务研究[J].情报科学，2011，29(4):486-491
    [24]李丽,姚芳敏,牛奔.2011年广东省政府网站评价研究[J].电子政务，2012(9):107-113
    [25]李旭.政府网站建设与维护[J].中国电子商务，2012(6):76
    [26]刘合翔.基于社会化推荐的网络浏览行为分析[J].图书情报工作,2010,(16):50-53
    [27]刘渊,魏芳芳,邓红军.用户使用视角的政府门户网站效用及影响因素研究[J].管理工程学报.2009.4
    [28]龙怡,盛宇,郭金兰.中美省、州级政府门户网站用户使用行为对比研究[J].图书情报工作,2010.10,54(19)
    [29]卢昌宁.我国政府网站的发展现状及趋势[J].学习月刊，2011(5):91-92
    [30]卢火焱.政府门户网站政民互动功能绩效评估指标体系设计研究[J].电子政务，2011(7):80-85
    [31]陆春一.国外政府网站服务功能建设的经验与启示[J].商场现代化，2011(7):81-82
    [32]罗玉娟.基于以人为本理念的服务型政府网站构建[J].现代经济信息2009(11)：248-249．
    [33]孟小钟,张一哲.我国中小城市政府网站使用问题的原因探究[J].大江周刊（论坛），2011(6):7-8
    [34]齐慧杰,刘艳丹,李平,孙晓礼.国外政府网站互动新媒体应用研究及建议[J].信息化建设，2010(9):46-49
    [35]乔祥杰.政府网站视觉设计对提升政府形象的重要性[J].科技情报开发与经济，2012,22(17):70-71.
    [36]孙铭丽,吴鹏,张红.基于用户心智模型的政府网站可访问性研究[J].情报理论与实践，2012(10):75-80
    [37]孙岩松.从网站定位谈政府网站外文版建设[J].信息化建设，2011(10):38-39
    [38]汤丽.政府网站公共服务体系建设的思路[J].电子政务，2011(9):93-97
    [39]田晔.公民的电子化参与行为-对政府网站的使用情况[J].中国对外贸易,2010(19)
    [40]汪晓胜.市级政府网站在线服务体系建设研究[J].中国科技信息，2011(7):99
    [41]王华.影响公众对政府门户网站使用意愿的因素研究[D]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
    [42]王婷.精简与整合中国政府网站的构想[J].现代交际，2011(6):99
    [43]王婷.精简与整合中国政府网站的构想[J].现代交际，2011(6):99
    [44]吴新叶.群体性事件下的政府网站问题与对策——一个比较视角的分析[J].上海行政学院学报，2012(1):28-33
    [45]夏义堃.中外政府网站公众接受度与利用状况的比较分析[J],电子政务,2009(8):38-43
    [46]谢文.论政府网站的舆论引导功能[J].新闻天地，2011(10):161-163
    [47]徐培华.沉睡的政府网站应唤醒[J].民主，2012(4):55-56
    [48]薛艳荣,周维强.我国政府网站发展的现状及对策[J].党政干部学刊，2012(1):69-72
    [49]颜海,朱群俊,汲宇华.服务型政府网站设计理念与风格[J].档案学研究，2011(4):65-67
    [50]杨小峰,徐博艺.政府门户网站公众接受模型研究[J].情报杂志,2009(01), pp:3-6
    [51]尤少伟，吴鹏等.基于路径搜索法的政府网站分类目录用户心智模型研究[J].图书情报工作，2012(5):129-135
    [52]于施洋,杨道玲.基于用户体验的政府网站优化：总体思路[J].电子政务,2012.08:2-7
    [53]张世武,吴月华,杨杰,刘际明.基于面向自治计算的网络用户浏览行为研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报，2004,卷34,期3, pp.354-360
    [54]张啸然.基于“顾客访问量”的政府网站绩效评估[J].中国信息界，2012(4):71-73
    [55]赵国洪,刘伟章.我国政府网站政民互动模型及实证分析[J].情报杂志，2012(2):195-202
    [56]赵君香.国外政府网站建设对我国的启示[J].世纪桥，2010(19):145-146
    [57]赵向异．我国政府网络平台持续使用的因素研究[D]．重庆：重庆大学硕士学位论文,2007.
    [58]赵扬,张金龙,李瑞.政府网站的发展对策[J].辽宁经济，2011(5):29-31.
    [59]政府网站，如何让公众满意？[ED/OL](2012.7.15).http://news.xinhuanet.com/zgjx/2013-03/27/c_132265522.htm
    [60]政府网站为何会沦为摆设？[ED/OL](2012.7.15).http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64093/64103/16510564.html
    [61]中国成都网站动态数据统计[EB/OL].[2013-3-10].http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/temp/stat.jsp
    [62]中国互联网络信息中心.中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[ED/OL](2012.7.5).http://www.cnnic.net.cn/dtygg/dtgg/201201/W020120116337628870651.pdf
    [63]中国软件评测中心副主任张少彤：政民互动好的政府网站满意度高[ED/OL](2013.1.15).http://tech.xinmin.cn/2012/12/28/17874138.html
    [64]中国软件评测中心副主任张少彤发布2012年中国政府网站绩效评估结果
    [ED/OL](2013.1.15). http://www.cstc.org.cn/zhuanti/fbh2012/jhg/zstjh.html
    [65]中国政府网站发展数据报告2012.[EB/OL].[2013-3-10].http://www.gwd.gov.cn/uploads/worddownload/2012_development_report_of_governments'_website.pdf
    [66]周亮.关于我国政府网站服务能力模型框架的研究[J].城市管理与科技，2012(3):33-36
    [67]邹倩瑜.浅析我国政府网站互动栏目构建现状[J].科技信息，2012(2):60
    [68]資訊偶遇[EB/OL].[2013-3-10].http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%81%B6%E9%81%87
    [69] Adamic, L. A., Lukose, R. M., Puniyani, A. R., Huberman, B. A.(2001). Search inpower-law networks[J]. Physical Review E,64,46135.
    [70] Adomavicius, Gupta, Eds. Handbooks in Information Systems, Vol3[M].Emerald GroupPublishing2009
    [71] Alan L. Montgomery, Shibo Li, Kannan Srinivasan and John C. Liechty. Modeling OnlineBrowsing and Path Analysis Using Clickstream Data[J].Marketing Science, Vol.23, No.4(Fall,2004)(pp.579-595)
    [72] Alan L. Montgomery. Using Clickstream Data to Predict WWW Usage[R/OL](2012.7.15).Carnegie Mellon University,1999
    [73] American Library Association.(1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy. FinalReport[M]. Chicago: American Library Association.
    [74] An, Yu Shun. Usability Evaluation Research on Mobile Phone User Interface Based onEye-tracking [D]. Zhejiang University,2008
    [75] Ardion Beldad, Menno de Jong, Micha l Steehouder. Reading the least read？Indicators ofusers' intention to consult privacy statements on municipal websites [J]. GovernmentInformation Quarterly27(2010)238–244
    [76] Arindam Banerjee, Joydeep Ghosh. Concept-based Clustering of Clickstream Data [EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.9523
    [77] Awad, N. F., Jones, J. L.,&Zhang, J. Does search mater? Using online clickstream data toexamine the relationship between online search and purchase behavior[C]. In D. Straub, S.Klein, W. Haseman,&C. Washburne (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-SeventhInternational Conference on Information Systems (pp.1159–1174). Milwaukee, WI:Association for Information Systems.
    [78] Bandura, A.(1986). Social foundation of thought and action [M]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
    [79] Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change [J]. PsychologicalReview,1977.84,191-215.
    [80] Barzilai-Nahon,1c.(2004). Gatekeepers and gatekeeping mechanisms in networks [D],Tel-Aviv UniveTel. Aviv, Israel.
    [81] Bates, M. J.(1989). The design of browsing and berry picking techniques for the onlinesearch interface [J]. Online Review,13(5),407-424.
    [82] Bates, M. J.(1996). Learning about the information seeking of interdisciplinary scholars andstudents [J]. Library Trends,45,155-164.
    [83] Bates, M. J.(2002). Speculations on browsing, directed searching, and linking in relation tothe Bradford distribution[C]. In H. Bruce, R. Fidel, p Ingwersen, P.Vakkari (Eds.), Emergingframeworks and methods: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on conceptionsof library and information science (CoLIS4)(PP137-149). Greenwood Village, CO:Libraries Unlimited.
    [84] Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., Tarule, J. M.(1986). Women‘s ways ofknowing: The development of self, voice, and mind [M]. New York: Basic Books.
    [85] Belkin, N. J. A concept of information for information science [D]. University College,University of London.1977
    [86] Belkin, N. J. The cognitive viewpoint in information science [J]. Journal of InformationScience,199016,11-15.
    [87] Belkin, N. J.,&Kwasnik, B. H. Using structural representations of anomalous states ofknowledge for choosing document retrieval strategies[C]. In F. Rabitti (Ed.),1986–ACMconference on research and development in information retrieval (PPII-22). Pisa: IEI.
    [88] Belkin, N. J., Oddy, R. N., Brooks, H. M.. ASK for information retrieval. Parts I and2[J].Journal of Documentation,1982,38(2),61-71;145-164.
    [89] Belkin, N. J.. Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval [J].Canadian Journal of Information Science,1980.5,133-143.
    [90] Bhattacherjee A． Understanding Information Systems Continuance： AnExpectation-Confirmation Model[J]．MIS Quarterly，2001，25(3)：35l-370
    [91] Brookes, B. Measurement in information science: Objective and subjective metrical space [J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1980,31,248-255.
    [92] Bystrom, K.(2002). Information and information sources in tasks of varying complexity[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,53,581-591
    [93] Bystrom, K., Hansen, P.(2002). Work tasks as unit for analysis in information seeking andretrieval studies[C]. In Bruce, H., Fidel, R., Ingwersen, P., and Vakkari, p.(Eds.), Proceedingsof the fourth international conference on Conceptions of library and information science (PP239-251). Greenwood Village, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    [94] C. Nadine Wathen, Sandra McKeown. Can the government really help？Online informationfor women experiencing violence[J]. Government Information Quarterly27(2010)170–176
    [95] Case, D.0.(2002). Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking,needs and behavior. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    [96] Catledge, L. D.,&Pitkow, J. E.(1995). Characterizing browsing strategies in the World WideWeb [J]. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems,26(6),1065-1073.
    [97] Certeau, M. de.(1984). The practice of everyday life [M]. S. Rendell (Trans.), Berkeley, CA:Univornia Press.
    [98] Chang, Peishih. Sifting customers from the clickstream: behavior pattern discovery in avirtual shopping environment [D]. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Dept. of InformationSystems,2007
    [99] Chang, S. J.,&Rice, R. E.(1993). Browsing: a multidimensional framework [J]. AnnualReview of Information Science and Technology,28,23I-276.
    [100] Chang, S.J. L.(1995). Toward a multidimensional framework for understandingbrowsing (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University,1995). Dissertation AbstractsInternational,57,494.
    [101] Chatman, E. A.(1986). Diffusion theory: a review and test of a conceptual model ininformation diffusion [J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,37,377-386.
    [102] Chatman, E. A.(1992). The information world of aging women[M]. Westport, CT:Greenwood Press.
    [103] Chatman, E. A.(1996). The impoverished life-world of outsiders [J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science,47,193-206.
    [104] Chatman, E. A. A theory of life in the round [J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science,1999.50,207-217.
    [105] Chatman, E. A. The diffusion of information among the working poor[D]. University ofCalifornia, Berkeley.1983
    [106] Chen, Ching-Wen; Huang, Echo. A Study on Taxpayers' Willingness to Use Self-ServiceTechnology-Based Online Government Services [J]. Journal of Electronic Commerce inOrganizations7.2(2009):44.
    [107] Chen, H., Wigand, R. T.,&Nilan, M.(1999). Flow experiences on the Web [J].Computersin Human Behavior,15,454-608.
    [108] Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&Turnbull, D.(1998). A behavioral model of informationseeking on the web: Preliminary results of a study of how managers and IT specialists use theWeb[C]. Proceedings of the61st Annual Meeting of the American Society of InformationScience,35,290-302.
    [109] Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&.Turnbull, D.(2000b). Working the Web: An empiricalmodel of the Web use[C]. Paper presented at the33rd Hawaii International Conference onScience (HICSS), Maui, HI.
    [110] Choo, C. W., Detlor, B.,&Turnbull, D.(1999). Information seeking on the Web: Anintegrated model of browsing and searching[C]. Proceedings of the62nd Annual Meeting ofthe American Society of Information Science, Washington,36,3-16.
    [111] Clark, L., Ting, I., Kimble, C., Wright, P.&Kudenko, D. Combining ethnographic andclickstream data to identify user Web browsing strategies [J]. Information Research,11(2)paper249
    [112] Cronin, B.,&Hert, C. A.(1995). Scholarly foraging and network discovery tools [J].Journal of Documentation,51,388-403.
    [113] Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience [M]. NewYork: Harper&Row.
    [114] Cynthia L. Corritore, Beverly Kracher, Susan Wiedenbeck. On-line trust：Concepts,evolving themes, and model [J]. International. Journal of Human-Computer Studies,58(2003)737–758
    [115] Daniel Barbará, Chandrika Kamath. On using page cooccurrences for computingclickstream similarity [EB/OL](2012.7.15). Proceedings of the Third SIAM InternationalConference on Data Mining,http://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=AyJ9xrrwDnIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA154&dq=%E5%9C%A8%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98:+clickstream&ots=K_HzndHXTY&sig=WZFTa9hXEezrdA_btf-gGOtP6Fs&redir_esc=y&hl=zh-CN&sourceid=cndr#v=onepage&q&f=false
    [116] David Rowan. Glossary for the Nineties[N].The Guardian,1995.5.6, p. T.076
    [117] Dervin, B.(1976). The everyday information needs of the average citizen: A taxonomyfor analysis. In M. Kochen, J. P. Donohue (Eds.), Information for the community(19-38)[M].Chicago: American Library Association.
    [118] Dervin, B.(1983, May). An overview of Sense-Making research: Concepts, methods,and results to date[C]. Paper presented at the International Communication AssociationAnnual Meeting, Dallas.
    [119] Dervin, B.(1992). From the mind‘s eye of the user: The Sense-Makingqualitative-quantitative methodology. In J. D. Glazier,&R. R. Powell (Eds.), Qualitativeresearch in information management (PP61-84)[M]. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
    [120] Dervin, B.(1999). On studying information seeking methodologically: The implicationsof connecting meta theory to method [J]. Information Processing and Management35,727-750.
    [121] Dervin, B. An overview of Sense-Making research: Concepts, methods, and results todate[C]. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting,Dallas.1983
    [122] Dillon, J. T.(1990). The practice of questioning [M]. New York: Routledge.
    [123] Durrance, J. C. Factors that influence reference success: What makes questioners willingto return?[J]. The Reference Librarian,1995.49/5.0,243-265.
    [124] Editorial. The E-Government paradox: Better customer service doesn't necessarily costless [J]. Government Information Quarterly25(2008)149–154
    [125] Eisenberg, M. B.,&Berlcowitz, R. E.(1990). Information Problem-solving: The BigSix skills approach to library&information skills instruction [M]. Norwood NJ: Ablex.
    [126] Elliott, E. S.,&Dwek, C. S. Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement [J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1988.54,5-12.
    [127] Ellis, D.(1987). The derivation of a behavioral model for information system design.[D], University of Sheffield, England.
    [128] Ellis, D.(1989a). A behavioral approach to information retrieval system design [J].Journal of Documentation,45,171-212.
    [129] Ellis, D.(1989b). A behavioral model for information retrieval system design [J].Journal of Information Science,15,237-247.
    [130] Ellis, D.(1993). Modeling the information seeking patterns of academic researchers: Agrounded theory approach [J]. Library Quarterly,63,469-486.
    [131] Ellis, D., Haugan, M.(1997). Modeling the information seeking patterns of engineersand research scientists in an industrial environment [J]. Journal of Documentation,53,384-403.
    [132] Ellis, D., Cox, D.,&Hall, K.(1993). A comparison of the information seeking patternsof researchers in the physical and social sciences [J]. Journal of Documentation,49,356-369
    [133] Erdelez, S.(2000). Towards understanding information encountering on the Web.[C] InD.H. Kraft (Ed.), Proceedings of the63rd annual meeting of the American society forinformation science (pp.363-37I). Medford, NJ: Information Today.
    [134] Erdelez, S.(1997). Information encountering: A conceptual framework for accidentalinformation discovery[C].. In p. Vakkari, R. Savolainen,&B. Dervin (Eds.),Informationseeking in contextProceedings of international conference on research in information needs,seeking and use in different contexts (PP412-42I). London: lor Graham.
    [135] Erdelez, S.(2000). Towards understanding information encountering on the Web [J]..Information Today. Information Today.
    [136] Erdelez, S.(2004). Investigation of information encountering in the controlled researchenvironment [J]. Information Processing&Management,40,1013-1025
    [137] Erdelez, S., Rioux, K.(2000). Sharing information encountered for others on the Web[J]. The New Review of Information Behavior Research,1,219-233.
    [138] Fang Wang, Yongbo Chen. From potential users to actual users-Use of e-governmentservice by Chinese migrant farmer workers [J]. Government Information Quarterly.29(2012)S98–S111
    [139] Foster, A. E.(2004). A nonlinear model of information seeking behavior [J]. Journal ofthe American Society for Information Science and Technology,55,228-237.
    [140] France Be′langer, Lemuria Carter. Trust and risk in e-government adoption [J]. Journalof Strategic Information Systems17(2008)165–176
    [141] Friedman, B.(Ed.).(1997). Human values and the design of computer technology [M].New York: Cambridge University Press.
    [142] Friedman, B., Howe, D. C., Felten, E.(2002). Informed consent m the Mozilla browser:Implementing value-sensitive design[C]. Proceedings of HICSS.35, IEEE Computer Society.
    [143] Friedman, B., Kahn, p. H. Jr., Borning, A.(2002). Value sensitive design: Theory andmethods [M]. University of Washington Computer Science&Engineering Technical,December2002.
    [144] Gilad Ravid, Judit Bar-Ilan and Shifra Baruchson-Arbib, Sheizaf Rafaeli. Popularity andfindability through log analysis of search terms and queries-the case of a multilingual publicservice website [J]. Journal of Information Science,200733:567
    [145] Given, L. M.(2000).The social construction of the―mature student‖identity: Effectsand implications for academic information behaviours[D]. the University of WesternOntario, London, Canada.
    [146] Given, L. M.(2002). Discursive constructions in the university context: Socialpositioning theory and mature undergraduates‘information behaviours[J]. The New Reviewof Information Behaviour Research,3,127-141.
    [147] Goldberger, N. R.(1996). Introduction: Looking backward, looking forward. In N.R.Goldberger, J. M. Tarule, B. M. Clinchy,&M. F. Belenky (Eds.), Knowledge, difference,and power: Essays inspired by women‘s ways of knowing (PP1-21)[M]. New York: BasicBooks.
    [148] Great Plains National (Firm); American Association of School Librarians. Associationfor Educational Communications and Technology. AASL/AECT information literacystandards for student learning in action [M]. Lincoln, Neb.: Distributed by GPN,1998.
    [149] Gross, M.(1997). Pilot study on the prevalence of imposed queries in a school librarymedia center [J]. School Library Media Quarterly,25,157-166.
    [150] Gross, M.(1995). The imposed query [J]. Reference&User Services Quarterly,35,236-243.
    [151] Gross, M.(1998). The imposed query: Implications for library service evaluation [J].Reference&User Services Quarterly,37,290-299.
    [152] Gross, M.(1999b). Imposed versus self, generated questions: Implications for referencepractice [J]. Reference and User Services Quarterly,39,53-61.
    [153] Gross, M.(2000). Imposed and self-generated queries in the elementary schoolenvironment [M]. In R. M. Branch&M. A. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Educational media andtechnology yearbook2000(pp.120-129). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
    [154] Gross, M.(2000b). The imposed query and information services for children [J]. Journalof Youth Services in Libraries,13,10-17.
    [155] Gross, M.(200I). Imposed information seeking in school library media centers andpublic libraries: A common behavior? Information Research,6.[EB/OL].[2003-9-10],www.shef.ac.uk/-is/publications/infres/6-2/paper100.html
    [156] H. Bruce."The pain hypothesis"[M], in KE Fisher, S. Erdelez, EF McKechnie (Eds),Information Today, Medford, NJ.2005, pp.270-274
    [157] Hall, E. T.(1976). Beyond culture[M]. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
    [158] Hardy, A.(1982). The selection of channels when seeking information: Cost/benefit vs.least effort [J]. Information Processing&Management18,289-293.
    [159] Harris, R. M.(1992). Librarianship: The erosion of a woman‘s profession[M]. Norwood,NJ: Ablex.
    [160] Hartmut Obendorf， Harald Weinreich， Eelco Herder， Eelco Herder. Web pagerevisitation revisited: implications of a long-term click-stream study of browser usage[C].CHI '07Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems,ACM New York, NY, USA, Pages597-606
    [161] Herner, S.(1970). Browsing. In Encyclopedia of library and information science (Vol.3,PP408-415)[M]. New York: Marcel Dekker.
    [162] Hersberger, J. A.(2002/2003). Are the economically poor information poor? Does thedigital divide affect the homeless and access to information?[J]. The Canadian journal ofInformation and Library Science,27(3),44-63.
    [163] Hjorland, B.,&Albrechtsen, H.(1995). Toward a new horizon in information science:domain-analysis [J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,46,400-425.
    [164] Hofstede, G. H.(2001). Culture s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors,institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.)[M]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    [165] Huang Tingliang. Essays on the Role of Clickstream Tracking Technology andConsumer Behavior in Operations Management [D]. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY,2011
    [166] Huang, Tingliang. The Value of Clickstream Tracking: Advance Demand Information,Product Personalization and Personalized Pricing [EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://ssrn.com/abstract=1916626
    [167] Huberman, B., Pirolis, p., Pitkow, J., Lukose, R.(1998). Strong regularities in WorldWide Web surfing [J]. Science,280,95-97.
    [168] I-Hsien Ting. UBB mining: finding unexpected browsing behaviour in clickstream datato improve a Web site's design[C]. Web Intelligence,2005. Proceedings. The2005IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference.pp:179-185
    [169] I-Hsien Ting, Lillian Clark, Chris Kimble, Daniel Kudenko and Peter Wright. APD-ATool for Identifying Behavioural Patterns Automatically from Clickstream Data[J]. LectureNotes in Computer Science,2007, Volume4693/2007,66-73
    [170] Iivonen, M.,&White, M. D.(2001). The choice of initial web search strategies: Acomparison between Finnish and American searchers [J]. Journal of Documentation57,465-491
    [171] Ingwersen, p (1992). Information retrieval interaction [M]. London: Taylor Graham.
    [172] Ingwersen, P.(1996). Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction:Elements of a cognitive IR theory [J]. Journal of Documentation,52(I),3-50.
    [173] Ingwersen, p.(2001). Cognitive information retrieval[J]. In: lvl-Williams (Ed.), AnnualReview of Information Science and Technology,34,3-51.
    [174] Ingwersen, P.,&Jarvelin, K.(2005). The turn: The integration of information seekingand retrieval in context [M]. Springer, Netherland
    [175] Jacek Gwizdka, Ian Spence. Implicit measures of lostness and success in web navigation[J]. Interacting with Computers19(2007)357–369
    [176] Jamalzadeh, Mohammadamin. Analysis of Clickstream Data [D]. University of Durham,2011
    [177] Jansen, BernardJ. Handbook of research on web log analysis [M]. Information ScienceReference.2008
    [178] Joe Mandese.―Clickstream‖in Cyberspace[J].AdvertisingAge,1995.3, Vol66(12), p.18
    [179] Jooho Lee, Hyun Joon Kimb, Michael J. Ahn. The willingness of e-Government serviceadoption by business users-The role of offline service quality and trust in technology [J].Government Information Quarterly28(2011)222–230
    [180] Jungkun Parka*&Hoeun Chunga. Consumers‘travel website transferring behaviour:analysis using clickstream data-time, frequency, and spending [J]. The Service IndustriesJournal, Volume29, Issue10,2009. pages1451-1463
    [181] Dordrecht. Knowledge work on the World wide web [M], Netherlands: KluwerAcademic
    [182] Komlodi, A.,&Carlin, M.. Identifying cultural variables in information-seekingbehavior[C]. Americas Conference on Information Systems2004, New York, NY.
    [183] Komlodi, A.,Weimin H., Jofoldi, H., Kessel, R., Riggs, T., Liang, C.,&Haidar, T.(2004).Cross-cultural comparison of Web searching behavior[C]. In M. Khosrow. Pour(Ed.),Proceedings of the15th international conference of the information resources managementassociation (PP I I69-I I70) Hershey, PA: IRM Press.
    [184] Krikelas, J.(1983). Information-seeking behavior: Patterns and concepts [J]. DrexelLibrary Quarterly,19,5-20.
    [185] Kuhlthau, C.(2004). Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and informationservices (2‘d edition)[M]. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
    [186] Leckie, G., Pettigrew, K.,&. Sylvain, C.(1996). Modeling the information seeking ofprofessionals: A general model derived from research on engineers, health care professionalsand lawyers [J]. Library Quarterly,66(2),161-193.
    [187] Lemuria Carter&Vishanth Weerakkody. E-government adoption-A cultural comparison[J]. Information System Front (2008)10:473–482
    [188] Li Shuangshuang, Chen Yiwen. Clickstream: A New Paradigm to Study on OnlineConsumer [J]. Advances in Psychological Science,2007.4
    [189] Lili Wang, Evaluating government Web site with a citizen-centric approach [D].Syracuse University，2010
    [190] Lillian Clark, I-Hsien Ting, Chris Kimble, Peter Wright, Daniel Kudenko. Combiningethnographic and clickstream data to identify user browsing strategies [J]. InformationResearch, Vol.11, No.2.(19January2006)
    [191] Limayem M,Hirt SG, Chetmg CMK．Habit in the Context of IS continuance：TheoryExtension and Scale Development[C]. Proceedings of the Eleventh European Conference onInformation Systems,2003, Naples, Italy. June:19-21
    [192] Lin Cs，Wu S，Tsai RI．Integrating Perceived Playfulness Into Expectation-confirmationModel for web Portal Context[J]．Information Management．2005:683—693
    [193] Lin Lu，Margaret Dunham，Yu Meng. Discovery of Significant Usage Patterns fromClusters of Clickstream Data[EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://lyle.smu.edu/~mhd/8331sp08/sup.pdf
    [194] LIU Yan-bin, YUAN Ping. An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between WebsiteStickiness and Purchase Quantity-Based on Users' Clickstream Data in Mobile Service [J].Soft Science,2010-01
    [195] Ludwig Christian Schaupp, Lemuria Carter, Megan E. McBride. E-file adoption-A studyof U.S. taxpayers‘intentions [J]. Computers in Human Behavior26(2010)636–644
    [196] Lynn Westbrook. E-government support for people in crisis-An evaluation of policedepartment website support for domestic violence survivors using―person-in-situation‖information need analysis [J]. Library&Information Science Research30(2008)22–38
    [197] Mahmud Akhter Shareef, Vinod Kumar, Uma Kumar, Yogesh K. Dwivedi.e-Government Adoption Model (GAM)-Differing service maturity levels[J]. GovernmentInformation Quarterly28(2011)17–35
    [198] Maliha Zaman. Quality of public sector website and its impact on citizen involvement
    [D]. Drexel University,2010
    [199] Mantovani, G.(2001). The psychological construction of the internet: From informationforaging to social gathering to cultural mediation [J]. Cyber Psychology&Behavior,4,47-56.
    [200] Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(1999). The information needs and the information seekingbehavior of a nation sample of the population in the United Kingdom J]. Journal ofDocumentation,55(2),159-183.
    [201] Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000a). Information need, information seeking behavior andparticipation with special needs related to citizenship: Results of a survey [J]. JournalDocumentation,56(2),136-160.
    [202] Marcella, R.,&Baxter, G.(2000b). The impact of social class and status on citizenshipinformation needs [J]. Journal of Information Science,26(4),239-254.
    [203] Marshall, J.(1990). Diffusion of innovation theory and end-user searching [J]. Libraryand Information Science Research,12(1),55-69.
    [204] Martijn Kagie Michiel van Wezel Patrick J.F. Groenen. Attribute Weighting Based onClickstream Analysis in Product Catalog Maps [EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://browsingmap.com/doc/iv_abstract.pdf
    [205] McKechnie, L.(1997). Vygotsky‘s zone of proximal development: A useful theoreticalapproach for research concerning children, libraries, and information [J]. Journal of YouthServices in Libraries11(1),66-70.
    [206] McKenzie, P.J.,&Carey, R. F.(2000).―What‘s wrong with that woman?―:Positioning theory and information-seeking behavior[C]. In A. Kublik (Ed.), CAIS2000:Dimensions of a global information science: Proceedings of the28th annual conference ofthe Canadian association for information science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
    [207] Mehrdad Jalali, and Norwati Mustapha. Semantic Clickstream Mining [EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://www.lidi.info.unlp.edu.ar/WorldComp2011-Mirror/SWW2705.pdf
    [208] Mellon, C.(1986). Library anxiety: A grounded theory and its development [J]. CollegeResearch Libraries,47,160-165.
    [209] Miller, S. M.(1987). Monitoring and blunting: Validation of a questionnaire to assessstyles of information seeking under threat [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52(2),345-353.
    [210] Miller, S. M.(1990). To see or not to see: Cognitive informational styles in the copingprocess. In M. Rosenlxum (Ed.), Learned resource fullness[M](pp.95-126). New York:Springer.
    [211] Miller. S. M.(1980). When is a little information a dangerous thing? Coping withstressful events by monitoring versus blunting[M]. In S. Levine&H. Ursing (Eds.), Copingand health (PP I45-169). NY: Plenum.
    [212] Mokros, H., Mullins, L. S.,&. Saracevic, T.(1995). Practice and personhood inprofessional interaction: Social identities and information needs [J]. Library＆InformationScience Research,17,237-257.
    [213] Nahl, Diane.(2004). Measuring the Affective Information Environment of WebSearchers[C]. Proceedings of the67th annual meeting of the American society forinformation science&technology,41. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
    [214] Ooh Kim Lean, Suhaiza Zailani, T. Ramayah, Yudi Fernando. Factors influencingintention to use e-government services among citizens in Malaysia [J]. International Journalof Information Management29(2009)458–475
    [215] Palmer, C. L.(1999). Aligning studies of information seeking and use with domainanalysis [J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,50,1139-1140.
    [216] Paul S. Richardson. The Impact of Direct Appeals on Clickstream and Response atPromotional Websites [J]. Journal of Website Promotion, Volume2, Issue1-2,2006, pages37-51
    [217] Pawel J. Kalczynski, Sylvain Senecal, Jacques Nantel. Predicting On-Line TaskCompletion with Clickstream Complexity Measures: A Graph-Based Approach [J].International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Volume10, Number3/Spring2006,121-141
    [218] Peter I. Hofgesang. Web Usage Mining：Structuring semantically enriched clickstreamdata [D]. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. August2004
    [219] Pieter Verdegem, Gino Verleye. User-centered E-Government in practice: Acomprehensive model for measuring user satisfaction [J]. Government Information Quarterly26(2009)487–497
    [220] Pirolli, p., Card, S.(1999). Information foraging [J]. Psychological Review,100,-675.
    [221] Pirolli, p. Card, S.(1995). Information foraging in information access environments[C].In Proceedings of the CHI ‘95AClvI conference on human factors in software (pp.I-58). NewYork: ACM.
    [222] R. Dale Wilson,(2010) Using clickstream data to enhance business-to-business web siteperformance[J], Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing, Vol.25(3), pp.177–187
    [223] Rajala, A.,&Hantula, D.(2000). Toward a behavioral ecology of consumption: Delayreduction effects on foraging in a simulated Internet mall [J]. Managerial and DecisionEconomics,21,145-158.
    [224] Randolph E. Bucklin&Catarina Sismeiro. A Model of Web Site Browsing BehaviorEstimated on Clickstream Data [J]. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.40, No.3(Aug.,2003)(pp.249-267)
    [225] Randolph E. Bucklin, James M. Lattin, Asim Ansari, Sunil Gupta, David Bell, EloiseCoupey, John D. C. Little, Carl Mela, Alan Montgomery and Joel Steckel. Choice and theInternet: From Clickstream to Research Stream [J]. Marketing Letters, Volume13, Number3,245-258,2003
    [226] Reporting on progress: Central Government websites2009-10.[EB/OL].[2013-3-10].https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62664/websitemetrics2009-10.pdf
    [227] Rogers, E. M.(2003). Diffusion of innovations (5rh ed.)[M]. New York: Free Press.
    [228] Ross, C. S.(1999). Finding without seeking: the information encounter in the context ofreading for pleasure. Information Processing&Management35,783-799.][Pawley, C.(2002).Seeking significance‘: Actual readers, specific reading communities [J]. Book History5,143-160.
    [229] Ryan, R. M.,&Deci, E. L. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions andnew directions [J]. Contemporary Educational Psychology,2001.25,54-56.
    [230] Gündüz. Recommendation models for Web users: User interest model and clickstreamtree [D]. Istanbul Technical University,2003
    [231] Sandstrom, p. E.(1994). An optimal foraging approach to information seeking and use[J]. The Library Quarterly,64,414-449.
    [232] Sandstrom, p. E.(1999). Scholars as subsistence foragers [J]. Bulletin of the AmericanSociety for Information Science,25,17-20.
    [233] Sangin Park, Hong-Seok Bok, and Jaebok Lee. Accessing E-government Services fromCitizens‘Clickstream Data [EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://www.kapa21.or.kr/data/data_download.php?did=3360
    [234] Sangin Park, Hong-Seok Bok, and Yeon-Tae Choi. Evaluating e-government fromcitizens‘clickstream data [EB/OL](2012.7.15). http://www.kapa21.or.kr/data/data_download.php?did=3724
    [235] Satu Hy kki. Eye Tracking in User Research [J]. Interdisciplinary Studies Journal,2012,Vol.1(4), p.65
    [236] Savolainen, R (1995). Everyday life information seeking: Approaching informationseeking in the context of―way of life.‖[J]. Library and Information Science Research,17,259-294.
    [237] Savolainen, R.(1993). The Sense-Making theory: Reviewing the interests of auser-centered approach to information seeking and use[J]. Information Processing&Management,29,13-28.
    [238] Shyu, Stacy Huey-Pyng; Huang, Jen-Hung.Elucidating usage of e-governmentlearning-A perspective of the extended technology acceptance model [J]. GovernmentInformation Quarterly, v28n4p491-502Oct2011
    [239] Singh, Man Jit, Cancel, David. Systems and methods for clickstream analysis to modifyan off-line business process involving automobile sales[P]，No.: US7,730,120.2010
    [240] Sonnenwald, Diane H. Evolving Perspectives of Human Information Behavior: Contexts,Situations, Social Networks and Information Horizons1999:176-190Exploring the Contextsof Information Behavior[C]: Proceedings of the Second International Conference inInformation Needs
    [241] Spink, A.,&Cole, C.(2001). Introduction to the special issue: Everyday lifeinformation-seeking research [J]. Library&Information Research,23(4),301-304.
    [242] Stacy Huey-Pyng Shyu, Jen-Hung Huang, Elucidating usage of e-governmentlearning-A perspective of the extended technology acceptance model[J]. GovernmentInformation Quarterly28(2011)491–502
    [243] Steinwachs, K.(1999). Information and culture: The impact of national culture oninformation processes based on the theories of sociologist Geert Hofstede [J]. Journal ofInformation Science,25,193-204.
    [244] Stephen Asunka. Understanding Academic Information Seeking Habits through Analysisof Web Server Log Files: The Case of the Teachers College Library Website [J]. The Journalof Academic Librarianship, Volume35, Issue1, January2009, Pages33–45
    [245] Stripling, B.,&Pitts, J.(1988). Brainstorms and blueprints: Teaching library research asa thinking process [M]. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
    [246] ule Gündüz, M. Tamer zsu. A Web page prediction model based on click-stream treerepresentation of user behavior[C]. KDD '03Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDDinternational conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining.535-540
    [247] Sundin, O.(2003). Towards an understanding of symbolic aspects of professionalinformation: An analysis of the nursing knowledge domain [J]. Knowledge Organization,2003, vol.30, pp.170-181
    [248] Sundin. O (2002). Nurses‘information seeking and use as participation in occupationalcommunities [J]. New Review of Information Behaviour Research,3,187-202.
    [249] Sylvain Senecala,Pawel J. Kalczynskib，Jacques Nantelc. Consumers' decision-makingprocess and their online shopping behavior: a clickstream analysis[J]. Journal of BusinessResearch, Volume58, Issue11, November2005, Pages1599–1608
    [250] Talja, S.,&Maula, H.(2003). Reasons for the use and non-use of electronic journalsand databases: a domain analytic study in four scholarly disciplines [J]. Journal ofDocumentation,59,673-691.
    [251] Tanya Gupta. The UN E-Government Survey: Towards a more Citizen-CentricApproach [EB/OL](2011.1.16). http://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/un-e-government-survey-towards-more-citizen-centric-approach
    [252] Tarun Abhichandani. Evaluation of E-Government Initiatives for Citizen-CentricDelivery: Analysis of Online Public Transit Information Services[D]. Claremont GraduateUniversity:2008
    [253] Taylor, R. S. Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries [J]. Collegeand Research Libraries,29,178-194.and Research Libraries,29,178-194.
    [254] Taylor, R. S.(1991). Information use environments[C]. In B. Dervin&. M. J. Voigt(Eds.), Progress in communication sciences (pp217-255). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    [255] The Comptrol ler and Auditor General. Government on the internet: Progress indelivering information and services online [EB/OL](2007.07.13). http://www.nao.org.uk/
    [256] Ting, I-Hsien; Clark, Lillian; Kimble, Chris. Identifying web navigation behaviour andpatterns automatically from clickstream data [J]. International Journal of Web Engineeringand Technology,03/2009, vol.5(4), pp.398-426
    [257] Tingliang Huang, Jan A. Van Mieghem. Clickstream data and inventory management:Model and empirical analysis [EB/OL](2012.7.15).http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/vanmieghem/htm/pubs/Huang_VanMieghem_2011_clickstreamdatainventoryAuthors_Dec052011.pdf
    [258] Todd, R. J.. Back to our beginnings: Information utilization, Bertram Brookes and thefundamental equation of information science [J]. Information Processing&Management,1999,35,851-870.
    [259] Tom Breur. Data analysis across various media: Data fusion, direct marketing,clickstream data and social media [J]. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice(2011)13,95–105
    [260] Tompkins, J. p., Ed.(1980). Reader-response criticism: From normalism topost-structuralism [M]. London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
    [261] Toms, E. G.(2000). Serendipitous information retrieval. Proceedings of the FirstDELOS Network of Excellence Workshop on Information Seeking, Searching and Queryingin Digital Libraries, Zuricland. Available:[EB/OL](2012.7.15).www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/DelNoeoI/3_Toms.pdf
    [262] Toshihiko Yamakami.Exploratory Session Analysis in the Mobile Clickstream [J].Information and Media Technologies, Vol.2(2007), No.1pp.401-407
    [263] Toshihiko Yamakami. A Mobile Clickstream Time Zone Analysis: Implications forReal-Time Mobile Collaboration[C]. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information andEngineering Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004, Volume3214/2004,855-861.
    [264] Toshihiko Yamakami. Inter-service revisit analysis of three user groups using intra-daybehavior in the mobile clickstream[C]. ICHIT '09Proceedings of the2009InternationalConference on Hybrid Information Technology.
    [265] Toshihiko Yamakami. Markov Model Based Mobile Clickstream Analysis with Sub-day,Day and Week-Scale Transitions[C]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2007, Volume4694/2007,507-513
    [266] Trevino, L. K.,&Webster, J.(1992). Flow in computer mediated communication [J].Communication Research,19,539-573.
    [267] Tuominen, K.(1997). User-centered discourse: An analysis of the subject positions ofthe user and the librarian [J]. The Library Quarterly,67,350-371.
    [268] Vakkari, p.(2003). Task-based information searching [J]. Annual Review of InformationScience&Technology,37,413-464.
    [269] Vandergrift, K. E.(1986). Using reader response theory to influence collectiondevelopment and program planning for children and youth [M]. In J. Varlejs (Ed.),Information seeking: Basing services on users‘behaviors (pp.53-66). Jefferson, NC:McFarland&Co.
    [270] Vicente, K. J.(1999). Cognitive work analysis [M]. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [271] Vygotsky, L. S.(1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychologicalprocesses [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    [272] Walter,V.(2001). Children and libraries: getting it right [M]. Chicago: American LibraryAssociation.
    [273] Wang Jie. The Study on Clickstream-Based E-Commerce Personalized Service Mode[C].E-Business and E-Government (ICEE),2010International Conference, pp:161-163
    [274] WANG Jun-hao, LIU Yan-jie. Application research of clickstream data analysis based one-government [J]. Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction,2010-01
    [275] Wangpipatwong S.Chmimaskd W, Papasratorn B．Understanding Citizen’s ContinuanceIntention to Use e-Government Website：A Composite View of Technology AcceptanceModel and Computer Self-Efficacy[J]．The Electronic Journal of e-Government，2008:55—64
    [276] Website metric: Central government websites s [EB/OL](2010.11.7).https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62663/websitemetrics2010-11_0.xls
    [277] Webster, J., Trevino, L. K.,&Ryan, L.(1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flowin human computer interactions [J]. Computers in Human Behavior,9,411-426.
    [278] Weick, K.(1995). Sense making in organizations [M]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    [279] Weiner, B.. An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion [J].Psychological Review,1985.92,548-573.
    [280] Wendy W. Moe, Peter S. Fader. Capturing evolving visit behavior in clickstream data [J].Journal of Interactive Marketing, Volume18, Issue1, pages5–19, Winter2004
    [281] Wersig,G. Information–Kommunikation–Dokumentation[D]. Pullach bei Munchen:Verlag Dokumentation.1971
    [282] White, H.(2001). Authors as citers over time [J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology,52(2),87-108.
    [283] Wikipedia. Clickstream[ED/OL](2012.7.15). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickstream
    [284] Wilkinson, M. A.(2001). Information sources used by lawyers in problem solving: Anempirical exploration [J]. Library&Information Science Research,23(3),257-276.
    [285] Wilson, p (1983). Second-hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority[M].Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
    [286] Wilson, T. D.(2000). Human information behavior [J]. Informing Science,3,49-55.
    [287] Wu, M. M.(1993). Information interaction dialogue: A study of patron elicitation in theinformation retrieval interaction (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,New Jersey,1993)[J]. Dissertation Abstracts International54,1131.
    [288] Yamakami, T. Regularity Analysis Using Time Slot Counting in the MobileClickstream[C]. Database and Expert Systems Applications,2006. DEXA '06.17thInternational Workshop. Res.&Dev., ACCESS, Tokyo,55-59
    [289] Yamakami, T.Exploratory Day-Scale Behavior Assumption-Based User Clustering withthe Mobile Clickstream[C]. Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications andTechnologies,2007. PDCAT '07. Eighth International Conference,169-170
    [290] Yanbin Liu. A Study of User Downloading Behavior in Mobile Internet UsingClickstream Data[C]. Intelligent Information Technology and Security Informatics (IITSI),2010Third International Symposium.255-257
    [291] Yanbin Liu. A study of user evolving visit behavior in mobile service using clickstreamdata[C].Computer Science and Service System (CSSS),2011International Conference,3830-3834
    [292] Zipf, G. K.(1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introduction tohuman ecology [M]. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083

电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700