《济阴纲目》调经方剂配伍规律的研究
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摘要
明末著名医家武之望(1552-1629),字叔卿,号阳纡,又号阳纡山人,时陕西临潼县武家屯人。一生亦医亦宦,治国亦医人,总结前人学说结合自已临证感悟,结晶为《济阴纲目》、《疹科类编》、《济阳纲目》、《医帜》等著作,是传统医药学界的传世之作,其卓越的贡献不容小觑。其中《济阴纲目》是有关妇产科的专著。武氏兼容并蓄,博采众长,纲以《内经》,目以各家,折中成书。
本课题研究对象为《济阴纲目》卷一中调经门、闭经门、崩漏门所涉及调经方剂212首,借助数据挖掘软件Clementine,从性味、归经、药对、药组、药物类型及主治病证等角度,对所研究方剂中的常用药物进行挖掘性研究。数据挖掘技术与中医药学理论相结合,探讨《济阴纲目》调经方剂的配伍规律。分析显示：180种常用药物为补虚、活血化瘀、清热、理气、安神、解表等19大类,使用1198次。补虚药使用次数最多,为378次,占药物使用总次数的15.12%；剔除止血杂方后使用方剂184次,理血剂使用了85次,约占46.20%,补益剂用了36次,约占19.57%；对常用药物进行统计,入肝经的药最多,共101味使用811次,约占总使用频次的67.70%；14个主治病证条目中,理血剂占了9,约占总病证数的64.29%；有11个病证使用了补益剂,占总病证数的78.57%。置信度大于50%的药对、药组,药对520组,三味药组72组,四味药组20组。
分析人参和黄芪、人参和白术、人参和当归、当归和川芎、当归和白芍、柴胡和白芍、桃仁和红花、阿胶和艾叶、牡丹皮和赤芍等20个代表性药对配伍,探求《济阴纲目》的组方配伍规律。①补气剂配伍行气药。“百病生于气也”,气虚多伴脾胃虚弱,补气太过易滞碍气机,故补气之时配伍行气之品,使补而不滞,通畅气机。另一方面,补气药多滋腻易于雍滞中焦,配伍行气药可使方药补中寓泻,补不致壅。②补血剂配伍行气药。“气行则血.行”,使补而不滞,滋却不腻。③补血剂配伍补气药。气血相生,“有形之血生于无形之气”,脾气健运则血的化生有源,而心气的推动与肺气的调节是血行的动力。④补血剂配活血化瘀药。血虚易致血行不畅,停而留瘀,瘀而成患,另则可使补而不滞,活血化瘀药有利于补血剂发挥效用脾气充足使血循常道而。⑤补血剂配健脾药,增强脾胃纳运水谷的功能,使血之生化有源。又脾能摄血,使之循脉而行。⑥活血化瘀剂配伍行气药,气滞、血瘀,互为因果,气为血之帅,气行则血行。⑦活血化瘀剂配伍补气药。气为血之帅,气的推动作用是血行的动力。⑧止血剂配活血药。瘀血不去出血不止,活血之品可使血止而不留,标本兼顾,相反相成。⑨止血剂配清热药。血热迫血妄行,清热凉血可以加强止血剂之效力。
《济阴纲目》治疗月经病首重气血,调理气血,治血为主,治气为佐；重视肝脾,肝藏血,脾统血,通过调理肝脾以调理气血,补脾疏肝,肝脾调和,冲任气血得畅,月经规律；临证重视补益,“邪之所凑,其气必虚”,“虚则补之”。气血充盈,血海方才按时满溢,经事自调。
Zhi-wang Wu who is a famous physician, called shu-qing, also known as Yang Yu, lived in Lin tong County, shan xi province in the late Ming dynasty. He is a doctor and eunuch, so he administered a country and treated the patients at the same time. He wrote four medical books, which are, Ji Yin Gangmu, Zhenke Leibian, Ji Yang Gangmu and Yizhi according the previous point, combined with his experiences. So he and his famous medical books made outstanding contributions for the development of chinese medicine. Ji Yin Gangmu is a monograph of gynaecology and obstetrics. He absorbed a lot of helpful experiences and wrote this book according the standard of Ncijing.
We studied regulating menstruation prescription212of the door of regulating menstruation, amenorrhea and uterine bleeding in Volume I of Ji Yin Gangmu in this project, concluded the main feature of property and flavor, channel tropism, medicine suit, drug group, the type of drug and the major function of drug by using the data mining software Clementine. In order to explore the used medication features and law of concerted application in Ji Yin Gangmu, combined with the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine theory by the use of data mining technology.180kinds of commonly used drugs belong tonics, blood circulation drugs, antipyretic drugs, regulate the flow of vital energy and remove obstruction toit drugs, sedative solution form drugs and other19categories, were used1198times. Tonics drugs used the most times, were378times, accounting for15.12%in total numbers of drug used; Used prescription184times except for the hemostasis miscellaneous prescription, regulating blood agent used85times, accounting for46.20%, tonics drugs used36 times, accounting for19.57%. We concluded the used drugs, which transfer into the liver channel, are the most drugs,101kinds of drug used811times, accounting for67.70%in the total frequency. Relative the14clauses and subdauses in syndromes of meridians, there are9kinds of diseases to use the regulating the flow of vital energy and remove obstruction toit drugs, accounting for64.29%.11kinds of diseases used the Tonics drugs, accounting for78.57%. Drug suit and drug group which confidence level are more than50%, there are52groups in drug suit,72and20groups in threeand four kinds of drugs in drug group respectively.
We analyzed the20kinds of different compatibility of medicines in theory, including ginseng and astragalus, ginseng and at r actylodes, ginseng and angelica, angelica and Ligusicum wallichii, angelica and white peony root, radix bupleuri and white peony root, peach kernel and saf flower, donkey-hide gelatin and folium artemisiae argyi,Tree peony bark and red peony in order to clarify the law of compatibility.①Tonics drug combined with promoting the circulation of qi. Many kinds of diseases result from Qi, some patients who arc gas deficiency, associated with stomach weakly, tonifying Qi can induce the blocking of Qi line, so when we want to tonifying Qi, added into promoting the circulation of Qi drug, would unobstructed the gas line, thus can't stagnation of gas line when we complement the gas. In addition, tonifying Qi drug can obstruct the middle burner. So when we used tonifying Qi drug, combined with promoting the circulation of Qi drug, can not unduly obstruct.②Enriched blood drug combined with promoting the circulation of Qi drug. When Qi runs, blood also runs, so that complement rather than stagnation, nourishing is not greasy.③Enriched blood drug combined with enriched Qi drug. The formation of blood temper-dependent transport and blood runs on heart Qi to promote the regulation of lung. Visible blood was born in invisible Qi.④Enriched blood drug combined with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug. Blood deficiency often induce stagnation stasis of the blood, the efficiency of blood circulation drugs can increase the function of blood tonic drug.⑤Compatibility of Blood tonic and spleen medicine, enhanced the function of spleen and stomach which can help digest food, and make the blood production. In addition, spleen can take the blood, make the blood flow in the artery.⑥promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug combined with promoting the circulation of qi drug. Qi stagnation can result of blood stasis; reinforce each other, the Qi as the commander of blood, blood runs, and Qi also runs.⑦promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug combined with enriched Qi drug. Qi as the commander of blood, the role of the Qi is the power of the blood.⑧Hemostatics drug combined with activated blood drug. Bleeding is not bleeding. The blood circulation of the goods can increase blood ended without leaving bruises. Both specimens, it is the contrary.⑨Hemostatics drug combined with clearing heat drug. Forcing the blood to blood heat Wang Xing, heat and cooling can enhance the effect of the hemostatic agent.
The treatment of Menopathy in Ji Yin Gangmu emphasis on regulating the Qi and blood firstly, and then the first step is regulate the Qi, the second step is regulate blood. We must emphasis on the liver and spleen; liver can hide the blood, spleen can control the blood, we can regulate the liver and spleed in order to regulate Qi and blood, thus can let the balance between liver and spleen, the menstrual regularity; the clinical attention tonic, the evil of the hash, the Qi will empty, then fill the empty. Qi and blood are filling, just overflowing sea of blood, by self-adjusting things.
本课题研究对象为《济阴纲目》卷一中调经门、闭经门、崩漏门所涉及调经方剂212首,借助数据挖掘软件Clementine,从性味、归经、药对、药组、药物类型及主治病证等角度,对所研究方剂中的常用药物进行挖掘性研究。数据挖掘技术与中医药学理论相结合,探讨《济阴纲目》调经方剂的配伍规律。分析显示：180种常用药物为补虚、活血化瘀、清热、理气、安神、解表等19大类,使用1198次。补虚药使用次数最多,为378次,占药物使用总次数的15.12%；剔除止血杂方后使用方剂184次,理血剂使用了85次,约占46.20%,补益剂用了36次,约占19.57%；对常用药物进行统计,入肝经的药最多,共101味使用811次,约占总使用频次的67.70%；14个主治病证条目中,理血剂占了9,约占总病证数的64.29%；有11个病证使用了补益剂,占总病证数的78.57%。置信度大于50%的药对、药组,药对520组,三味药组72组,四味药组20组。
分析人参和黄芪、人参和白术、人参和当归、当归和川芎、当归和白芍、柴胡和白芍、桃仁和红花、阿胶和艾叶、牡丹皮和赤芍等20个代表性药对配伍,探求《济阴纲目》的组方配伍规律。①补气剂配伍行气药。“百病生于气也”,气虚多伴脾胃虚弱,补气太过易滞碍气机,故补气之时配伍行气之品,使补而不滞,通畅气机。另一方面,补气药多滋腻易于雍滞中焦,配伍行气药可使方药补中寓泻,补不致壅。②补血剂配伍行气药。“气行则血.行”,使补而不滞,滋却不腻。③补血剂配伍补气药。气血相生,“有形之血生于无形之气”,脾气健运则血的化生有源,而心气的推动与肺气的调节是血行的动力。④补血剂配活血化瘀药。血虚易致血行不畅,停而留瘀,瘀而成患,另则可使补而不滞,活血化瘀药有利于补血剂发挥效用脾气充足使血循常道而。⑤补血剂配健脾药,增强脾胃纳运水谷的功能,使血之生化有源。又脾能摄血,使之循脉而行。⑥活血化瘀剂配伍行气药,气滞、血瘀,互为因果,气为血之帅,气行则血行。⑦活血化瘀剂配伍补气药。气为血之帅,气的推动作用是血行的动力。⑧止血剂配活血药。瘀血不去出血不止,活血之品可使血止而不留,标本兼顾,相反相成。⑨止血剂配清热药。血热迫血妄行,清热凉血可以加强止血剂之效力。
《济阴纲目》治疗月经病首重气血,调理气血,治血为主,治气为佐；重视肝脾,肝藏血,脾统血,通过调理肝脾以调理气血,补脾疏肝,肝脾调和,冲任气血得畅,月经规律；临证重视补益,“邪之所凑,其气必虚”,“虚则补之”。气血充盈,血海方才按时满溢,经事自调。
Zhi-wang Wu who is a famous physician, called shu-qing, also known as Yang Yu, lived in Lin tong County, shan xi province in the late Ming dynasty. He is a doctor and eunuch, so he administered a country and treated the patients at the same time. He wrote four medical books, which are, Ji Yin Gangmu, Zhenke Leibian, Ji Yang Gangmu and Yizhi according the previous point, combined with his experiences. So he and his famous medical books made outstanding contributions for the development of chinese medicine. Ji Yin Gangmu is a monograph of gynaecology and obstetrics. He absorbed a lot of helpful experiences and wrote this book according the standard of Ncijing.
We studied regulating menstruation prescription212of the door of regulating menstruation, amenorrhea and uterine bleeding in Volume I of Ji Yin Gangmu in this project, concluded the main feature of property and flavor, channel tropism, medicine suit, drug group, the type of drug and the major function of drug by using the data mining software Clementine. In order to explore the used medication features and law of concerted application in Ji Yin Gangmu, combined with the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine theory by the use of data mining technology.180kinds of commonly used drugs belong tonics, blood circulation drugs, antipyretic drugs, regulate the flow of vital energy and remove obstruction toit drugs, sedative solution form drugs and other19categories, were used1198times. Tonics drugs used the most times, were378times, accounting for15.12%in total numbers of drug used; Used prescription184times except for the hemostasis miscellaneous prescription, regulating blood agent used85times, accounting for46.20%, tonics drugs used36 times, accounting for19.57%. We concluded the used drugs, which transfer into the liver channel, are the most drugs,101kinds of drug used811times, accounting for67.70%in the total frequency. Relative the14clauses and subdauses in syndromes of meridians, there are9kinds of diseases to use the regulating the flow of vital energy and remove obstruction toit drugs, accounting for64.29%.11kinds of diseases used the Tonics drugs, accounting for78.57%. Drug suit and drug group which confidence level are more than50%, there are52groups in drug suit,72and20groups in threeand four kinds of drugs in drug group respectively.
We analyzed the20kinds of different compatibility of medicines in theory, including ginseng and astragalus, ginseng and at r actylodes, ginseng and angelica, angelica and Ligusicum wallichii, angelica and white peony root, radix bupleuri and white peony root, peach kernel and saf flower, donkey-hide gelatin and folium artemisiae argyi,Tree peony bark and red peony in order to clarify the law of compatibility.①Tonics drug combined with promoting the circulation of qi. Many kinds of diseases result from Qi, some patients who arc gas deficiency, associated with stomach weakly, tonifying Qi can induce the blocking of Qi line, so when we want to tonifying Qi, added into promoting the circulation of Qi drug, would unobstructed the gas line, thus can't stagnation of gas line when we complement the gas. In addition, tonifying Qi drug can obstruct the middle burner. So when we used tonifying Qi drug, combined with promoting the circulation of Qi drug, can not unduly obstruct.②Enriched blood drug combined with promoting the circulation of Qi drug. When Qi runs, blood also runs, so that complement rather than stagnation, nourishing is not greasy.③Enriched blood drug combined with enriched Qi drug. The formation of blood temper-dependent transport and blood runs on heart Qi to promote the regulation of lung. Visible blood was born in invisible Qi.④Enriched blood drug combined with promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug. Blood deficiency often induce stagnation stasis of the blood, the efficiency of blood circulation drugs can increase the function of blood tonic drug.⑤Compatibility of Blood tonic and spleen medicine, enhanced the function of spleen and stomach which can help digest food, and make the blood production. In addition, spleen can take the blood, make the blood flow in the artery.⑥promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug combined with promoting the circulation of qi drug. Qi stagnation can result of blood stasis; reinforce each other, the Qi as the commander of blood, blood runs, and Qi also runs.⑦promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis drug combined with enriched Qi drug. Qi as the commander of blood, the role of the Qi is the power of the blood.⑧Hemostatics drug combined with activated blood drug. Bleeding is not bleeding. The blood circulation of the goods can increase blood ended without leaving bruises. Both specimens, it is the contrary.⑨Hemostatics drug combined with clearing heat drug. Forcing the blood to blood heat Wang Xing, heat and cooling can enhance the effect of the hemostatic agent.
The treatment of Menopathy in Ji Yin Gangmu emphasis on regulating the Qi and blood firstly, and then the first step is regulate the Qi, the second step is regulate blood. We must emphasis on the liver and spleen; liver can hide the blood, spleen can control the blood, we can regulate the liver and spleed in order to regulate Qi and blood, thus can let the balance between liver and spleen, the menstrual regularity; the clinical attention tonic, the evil of the hash, the Qi will empty, then fill the empty. Qi and blood are filling, just overflowing sea of blood, by self-adjusting things.
引文
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