隔姜灸对化疗期患者外周血象及生存质量影响的临床研究
|
摘要
目的：本研究以确诊为恶性肿瘤并即将进行化学药物治疗的患者为研究对象,从防治的角度出发,选择隔姜灸作为干预手段,比较不同时间点化疗患者的外周血象和生存质量评分的变化,探讨隔姜灸疗法对化疗毒副作用的防治作用以及对肿瘤患者生存质量的影响。
方法：收集已确诊为肿瘤患者54例,随机分为隔姜灸组和假灸组,每组27例。隔姜灸组直接将百笑灸置于鲜姜片上施灸,假灸组在鲜姜片与百笑灸之间放置纸垫施灸。两组均从化疗开始前5天进行艾灸治疗,艾灸的穴位为关元、足三里(双侧)、脾俞(双侧),每周3次,每次20分钟,治疗持续至化疗开始后的第60天。分别于化疗前5天、化疗第21天、第30天、第60天4个时间点检测患者周围血象,检测内容包括：白细胞总数、血红蛋白含量、血小板计数和嗜中性粒细胞绝对值,同时分别采用卡氏功能量表(KPS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)专为癌症患者研制的生存质量量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)评估患者4个时间点的生存质量。
结果：(1)两组患者化疗前,同时也是艾灸治疗前年龄、性别、病种、外周血象、KPS评分以及QLQ-C30量表评分等基本情况无显著性差异,两组具有可比性。(2)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组没有升高的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第30天、第60天隔姜灸组白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量较假灸组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者KPS评分和QoL评分在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组KPS评分和QoL评分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组KPS评分和QoL评分没有升高的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第60天隔姜灸组KPS评分和QoL评分较假灸组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能和社会功能在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组功能明显恢复,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组功能没有恢复的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第30天、第60天隔姜灸组功能较假灸组完整,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)化疗后,两组分别进行组内比较,隔姜灸组在第30天时恶心呕吐、疼痛、食欲丧失、便秘、腹泻症状比第21天明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且恶心呕吐、疼痛和腹泻症状与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；在第60天时,疲乏、呼吸困难和失眠症状比第21天有明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且疼痛和便秘症状恢复明显,与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而与化疗前比较,假灸组患者的症状在化疗后均明显加重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。化疗后不同时间点两组进行组间比较,第21天时两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；第30天时,隔姜灸组恶心呕吐和疼痛症状比假灸组明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；第60天时,疲乏、呼吸困难、失眠、食欲丧失、便秘、和腹泻症状亦明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论：化疗前介入隔姜灸治疗可以预防化疗期外周血象下降,有效减轻化疗毒副作用引发的临床症状,尤其是恶心呕吐和疼痛症状。提示化疗前介入隔姜灸治疗可以防治化疗毒副反应,提高化疗后患者生存质量。
Objective:Using ginger-partitioned moxibustion on specific time frame in relation to chemotherapy (5days prior to chemotherapy, and21days,30days,60days after chemotherapy respectively), to explore its therapeutic effects on peripheral blood cell and quality of life of cancer patients; thus prevention of toxic and side effects induced by chemotherapy.
Methods:Fifty-four cases of cancer patients were randomly divided into treatment and control groups (n=27). For the treatment group, use of "Happyall" moxibustion apparatus with direct contact with fresh ginger partitioned between the skin and the apparatus. Control group uses "happyall" moxibustion, with a layer of cardboard between the apparatus and ginger to prevent heat from passing through. Both groups begin moxibustion therapy5days prior to the start of chemotherapy. Moxibustion are performed on Zusanli (ST36), Guanyuan (CV4), Pishu(BL20) simultaneously,3times a week,20minutes each session, continue this therapy until day60in the course of chemotherapy. Tests are performed five days before chemotherapy,21days,30days and the60days after chemotherapy. Tests include total white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value. Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), QLQ-C30questionnaires designed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) to assess the quality of life of cancer patients.
Results:Test results include age, sex, types of cancer, and the peripheral blood cell, KPS and QLQ-C305days prior to chemotherapy both groups are comparable but without significant difference (P>0.05). Compare to21days after marking the start of chemotherapy, at30days, both groups still show substantial amount of decrease in total white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value, it shows significant difference (P<0.05). For the results on day60, the treatment group show significant increase in white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value(P<0.05); Vice versa, control group show no sign of drastic increase in any of the blood count. Treatment group compare to the control group, treatment group exhibits significant higher increase in blood test results(P<0.05). Compare the KPS and Quality of Life (QoL) results between day21and day30after chemotherapy, both groups exhibit significant decrease in scores (P<0.05). Thus, compare the two groups at day60, the treatment group shows significant increase in both KPS and QoL scores(P<0.05) while the control group shows no sign of increase. Compare functional results of both groups at day21and day30, Physical, emotional, role, cognitive, and social functioning scores all exhibit significant decrease (P<0.05). At day60, treatment group has significant increase in functional skills whilst control group shows no sign of increase, comparing the two groups exhibit significant difference (P<0.05). For the treatment group, symptoms include nausea and vomiting, pain, appetite loss, constipation and diarrhea significantly decrease in severity between day21and day30(P<0.05). However, symptoms including nausea and vomiting, pain, constipation and diarrhea show no significant difference in severity compare to the severity scores prior to chemotherapy(P>0.05). Fatigue, dyspnea, and insomnia improved significantly between day21and day60(P<0.05); thus, pain and constipation both recover substantially and show no significant score difference when compare to prior to chemotherapy(P>0.05). For the control group, the symptoms significantly increase in severity when compare between day5days before chemotherapy and day21after chemotherapy(P<0.05). Compare between the two groups, at day21, symptoms does not reflect significant difference (P>0.05); at day30, treatment group exhibit significant improvement in pain, nausea and vomiting compare to control group (P<0.05); at day60, symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation and diarrhea show significant improvement compare to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Ginger-partitioned moxibustion before the course of chemotherapy can prevent peripheral blood cell drop induced by chemotherapy. Thus, can effectively decrease of toxic and side effects induced by chemotherapy, especially pain, and nausea and vomiting. This suggest the use of ginger-partitioned moxibustion before the start and continue on during the course of chemotherapy can prevent the toxic side effects of chemotherapy, and increase the quality of life of cancer patients.
方法：收集已确诊为肿瘤患者54例,随机分为隔姜灸组和假灸组,每组27例。隔姜灸组直接将百笑灸置于鲜姜片上施灸,假灸组在鲜姜片与百笑灸之间放置纸垫施灸。两组均从化疗开始前5天进行艾灸治疗,艾灸的穴位为关元、足三里(双侧)、脾俞(双侧),每周3次,每次20分钟,治疗持续至化疗开始后的第60天。分别于化疗前5天、化疗第21天、第30天、第60天4个时间点检测患者周围血象,检测内容包括：白细胞总数、血红蛋白含量、血小板计数和嗜中性粒细胞绝对值,同时分别采用卡氏功能量表(KPS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)专为癌症患者研制的生存质量量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)评估患者4个时间点的生存质量。
结果：(1)两组患者化疗前,同时也是艾灸治疗前年龄、性别、病种、外周血象、KPS评分以及QLQ-C30量表评分等基本情况无显著性差异,两组具有可比性。(2)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组没有升高的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第30天、第60天隔姜灸组白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞绝对计数、血小板计数和血红蛋白含量较假灸组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者KPS评分和QoL评分在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组KPS评分和QoL评分显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组KPS评分和QoL评分没有升高的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第60天隔姜灸组KPS评分和QoL评分较假灸组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)与化疗开始后第21天比较,两组患者躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能和社会功能在第30天仍明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第60天时隔姜灸组功能明显恢复,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而假灸组功能没有恢复的趋势。与假灸组比较,化疗开始后第30天、第60天隔姜灸组功能较假灸组完整,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)化疗后,两组分别进行组内比较,隔姜灸组在第30天时恶心呕吐、疼痛、食欲丧失、便秘、腹泻症状比第21天明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且恶心呕吐、疼痛和腹泻症状与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；在第60天时,疲乏、呼吸困难和失眠症状比第21天有明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且疼痛和便秘症状恢复明显,与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而与化疗前比较,假灸组患者的症状在化疗后均明显加重,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。化疗后不同时间点两组进行组间比较,第21天时两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；第30天时,隔姜灸组恶心呕吐和疼痛症状比假灸组明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；第60天时,疲乏、呼吸困难、失眠、食欲丧失、便秘、和腹泻症状亦明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
结论：化疗前介入隔姜灸治疗可以预防化疗期外周血象下降,有效减轻化疗毒副作用引发的临床症状,尤其是恶心呕吐和疼痛症状。提示化疗前介入隔姜灸治疗可以防治化疗毒副反应,提高化疗后患者生存质量。
Objective:Using ginger-partitioned moxibustion on specific time frame in relation to chemotherapy (5days prior to chemotherapy, and21days,30days,60days after chemotherapy respectively), to explore its therapeutic effects on peripheral blood cell and quality of life of cancer patients; thus prevention of toxic and side effects induced by chemotherapy.
Methods:Fifty-four cases of cancer patients were randomly divided into treatment and control groups (n=27). For the treatment group, use of "Happyall" moxibustion apparatus with direct contact with fresh ginger partitioned between the skin and the apparatus. Control group uses "happyall" moxibustion, with a layer of cardboard between the apparatus and ginger to prevent heat from passing through. Both groups begin moxibustion therapy5days prior to the start of chemotherapy. Moxibustion are performed on Zusanli (ST36), Guanyuan (CV4), Pishu(BL20) simultaneously,3times a week,20minutes each session, continue this therapy until day60in the course of chemotherapy. Tests are performed five days before chemotherapy,21days,30days and the60days after chemotherapy. Tests include total white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value. Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), QLQ-C30questionnaires designed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) to assess the quality of life of cancer patients.
Results:Test results include age, sex, types of cancer, and the peripheral blood cell, KPS and QLQ-C305days prior to chemotherapy both groups are comparable but without significant difference (P>0.05). Compare to21days after marking the start of chemotherapy, at30days, both groups still show substantial amount of decrease in total white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value, it shows significant difference (P<0.05). For the results on day60, the treatment group show significant increase in white cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count, neutrophil absolute value(P<0.05); Vice versa, control group show no sign of drastic increase in any of the blood count. Treatment group compare to the control group, treatment group exhibits significant higher increase in blood test results(P<0.05). Compare the KPS and Quality of Life (QoL) results between day21and day30after chemotherapy, both groups exhibit significant decrease in scores (P<0.05). Thus, compare the two groups at day60, the treatment group shows significant increase in both KPS and QoL scores(P<0.05) while the control group shows no sign of increase. Compare functional results of both groups at day21and day30, Physical, emotional, role, cognitive, and social functioning scores all exhibit significant decrease (P<0.05). At day60, treatment group has significant increase in functional skills whilst control group shows no sign of increase, comparing the two groups exhibit significant difference (P<0.05). For the treatment group, symptoms include nausea and vomiting, pain, appetite loss, constipation and diarrhea significantly decrease in severity between day21and day30(P<0.05). However, symptoms including nausea and vomiting, pain, constipation and diarrhea show no significant difference in severity compare to the severity scores prior to chemotherapy(P>0.05). Fatigue, dyspnea, and insomnia improved significantly between day21and day60(P<0.05); thus, pain and constipation both recover substantially and show no significant score difference when compare to prior to chemotherapy(P>0.05). For the control group, the symptoms significantly increase in severity when compare between day5days before chemotherapy and day21after chemotherapy(P<0.05). Compare between the two groups, at day21, symptoms does not reflect significant difference (P>0.05); at day30, treatment group exhibit significant improvement in pain, nausea and vomiting compare to control group (P<0.05); at day60, symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation and diarrhea show significant improvement compare to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Ginger-partitioned moxibustion before the course of chemotherapy can prevent peripheral blood cell drop induced by chemotherapy. Thus, can effectively decrease of toxic and side effects induced by chemotherapy, especially pain, and nausea and vomiting. This suggest the use of ginger-partitioned moxibustion before the start and continue on during the course of chemotherapy can prevent the toxic side effects of chemotherapy, and increase the quality of life of cancer patients.
引文
[1]王加瑛,张元生,赵和平,等.香菇多糖联合化疗对非小细胞肺癌患者免疫功能的影响及疗效研究[J].中国医疗前沿,2011,6：15-17.
[2]邓海滨,徐振晔,王中奇.抗瘤增效方对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者的近期疗效及其对免疫功能的影响[J].中医杂志,2011,52：848-852.
[3]李艳红,魏海东,张霞,郭秋野.康艾注射液对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者近期疗效及免疫功能的影响[J].中国肿瘤临床与康复,2012,(4)： 292-294.
[4]Knospe LM. Human bone marrow cells observation under the seanning Electronmicroscope. A cta hamatol JPN,1982,45:721.
[5]Trentin J. Influence of hem atopoietic organ stroma on stem Cell differentiation in regulation of hum atopoiesis. N Engl JMed,1970,1:161.
[6]哈敏文,李振,何安光.黄芪合剂防治化疗性骨髓抑制的实验研究[J].中国医科大学学报,1997,26(5)：449-452.
[7]袁斌华.活髓片对化疗鼠骨髓抑制的治疗研究观察[J].新中医,1997,29(12)： 33-34.
[8]Cohen HJ. Geriatric principles of treatment applied to medical oncology an overview. Semin Oncol,1995,22(supple 1):1-2.
[9]Vose JM. Cytokineuse in the older patient. Semin Oncol,1995,22(supple 1):6-8.
[10]Cella D, Dobrez D, Giaspy J. Control of cancer related anemia with erythropoietin agents:a review of evidence for improved quality of life and clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol,2003,14(4):511-519.
[11]Cella D. Factors influencing quality of life in cancer patients Anemia and fatigue. Semin Oncol,1988,2:43-46.
[12]Loretta MItri. Ortimal Hemoglobin level for cancepatients. Semin Oncol,2000, 27 (supple 4):12-15.
[13]Winninghan ML, Nail LM, Burke MB, etal. Fatigue and the cancer experience the state of the knowledge. Oncol Nurs Forum,1994,21:23-36.
[14]Krishnasamy M. Social support and the patient with cancer:a consideration of the literature. Adv Nurs,1999,23(4):757-762.
[15]Cawford J, OzerH, Stoller R, etal. Reduction by granulocyt colony stimulating factor of fever and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med,1991,325:164.
[16]Longo DL, Devita VT, Jaffe ES, etal. Toxicities of therapy for aggressive lymphomas. Devita VT Jr, Cancer Principles&Practice of Oncology.4th Edtition JB Lippincott, Philadelphia,1993.
[17]The International Antimicrobial Therapy Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Three antibiotic regimens in the treatment of infection in febrile granulocytopenic patients with cancer. J Infect Dis,1978,137:14-29.
[18]Pizzo PA, Hathorn, Jw, Hiemenz, etal. A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination antibiotic therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N EnglJ Med,1987,315:552.
[19]Talcott JA, Siegel RD, Finberg R, Goldman L. Risk assessment in cancer patients with fever and neutopenia:A prospective two-center validation of a prediction rule. J ClinOncol.1992,10:316.
[20]Emetrexed:new drug. Pleural mesotheliom:a first encouraging trial[J]. Prescrire Int,2005,14(80):212-214.
[21]Aapro MS, Cameron DA, Pettengell R, etal. EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lym-phomas and solid tumours[J]. Eur J Cancer,2006,42(15):2433-2453.
[22]Kanbe E Hatter Y, Tsuboi I, etal. Effects of neopterin on the hematopoietic microenvironment of senescence-acceleratec mice (SAM)[J]. Biol PharmBull, 2006,29(1):43-48.
[23]Fukumoto T, Tsuboi I, Harada T, ecal. Inflammatory biomarker, neopterin, enlarges splenic mast-cell-progenitor pool:prominent impairment of responses in age-related stromal cell-impairment mouse SCI/SAM[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2006,6(12):1847-1858.
[24]Stolarska M, Mlynarski W, Zalewska szewczyk B, etal.Cytoprotective effect of amifostine in the treatment of childhood neoplastic diseases-aclinical study including the pharmacoeconomic analysis[J]. Pharmacol Rep,2006,58(1): 30-34.
[25]Hao QL, Shah AJ, Thiemann FT, etal. A functional comparison of CD34+CD3g+ cells in cord blood and bone marrow[J]. Blood,1995,86(10):3745-3753.
[26]Lu L.Xiao M, Shen RN, etal. Enrichment, characterization, andresponsivene of single primitive CD34+ human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors with high proliferativeand replacing potential [J]. Blood,1993, 81(1):41-48.
[27]言克莉.非药物干预肿瘤化疗所致恶心呕吐的进展[J].中国实用护理杂志,2007,23(11)：73-74.
[28]Roila F, Donati D. Tamberi S Delayed emesis:Incidence, pattern, prong-osticfactors and optimal treatment,2002,9:59-61.
[29]林千鹤子.抗癌药物毒副反应的对策[M].日本医学介,2001,22(1)：4912-4931.
[30]Grunberg SM, Hesketh PJ. Control of chemotherapy-induced emesis,1993:17 (4):124-127.
[31]Cubeddu LX.Serotonin mechanisms in chemotherapy-induced emesis in cancerpatients,1996,5 (3):39-40.
[32]Hesketh PJ. Van BelleS, Aapro M.Differential involvement of neurotransmfitters through the time course of cisplatininduced emesis as revealed by the rapy with specific receptor antagonists,2008:6(8):204.
[33]单信芝,李霞.化疗诱发恶心、呕吐的治疗[M].国外医学·护理学分册,2003：22(9)：424-426.
[34]张晓初,张频.肿瘤化疗所致恶心呕吐的发生机制和药物治疗的研究进展[J].癌症进展杂志,2006：4(4)：348-354.
[35]Hesketh PJ, Grunberg SM, Gralla RJ. The oral neurokinin-1 an atogonist aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting:A Multinationl randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial in patient sreceiving highdose cisplatin the aprepitant protocol study group,2003:18 (4): 199-206.
[36]Warr D G, Hesketh P J, Gralla R J. Efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nansea and vomiting in patient with breast cancer after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy,2005:46(6):220-225.
[37]National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects(ctcae) v3.0 [S].2004.
[38]Dedh JP, van Waardenbrg DA, Granzen B, etal Detectial of chemotherapy-induced emeroce to city with circulate intesti [J]. J Pedial Hematol Oncol,2006,28(4):267-269.
[39]String AM, Gibson RJ, Bowen JM, etal. Chemotherapy induced mucositis: the role of gastrointeninal microflora and mucins in the luminal environment[J] J support Oncol,2007,5(6):259-267.
[40]Shaft MA, Bresalier RS. The gastratrointestinal complications of on cologict herapy[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am,2010,39(3):629.
[41]Richardson G, Dobish R, Pharm B. Chemotherapy induced diarrhea[J]. J Oncol Pharm Practice,2007,13(4):181-198.
[42]Steinberg JS, Cohen AJ, PJasserman AG. etal. Acute arrhythmogenieity of doxombicin administration. Cancer,1987,60(6):1213-1218.
[43]林剑英,李涛,陈茹,等.应变率成像监测肿瘤患者葸环类药物化疗后心脏毒性的研究[J].临床超声医学杂,2010,5,12(5)：309-312.
[44]赖永洪,吴梓梁.小儿白血病化疗药物的毒性反应及处理[J].实用几种临床杂志,2008,8,23(15)：1150-1153.
[45]张丽媛,王莹,陈样新,等.恶性肿瘤患者在化疗期间心电图的改变[J].中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2010,24,5：429-432.
[46]罗剑锋,崔洁.柔红霉素对急性白血病患者心脏毒性的研究进展[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2010,2,19(1)：105-107.
[47]Ravi D, Das KC. Redoxcycling of anthracyclines by thioredoxin system: increased superoxide generation and DNA damage[J].Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2004,54(5):449-458.
[48]Cusack BJ, Gambliel H, Musser B, etal.Preventionof chronic an thracy clineear diotoxlcity in the adult Fisther 344 rat by dexrazoxane and effects on ironmetabolism[J].Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2006,58(4):517-526.
[49]伍艳萍,刘锐棠,余莉.三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病心脏毒性的临床分析[J].海南医学,2010,21(10)：13-16.
[50]周际昌.实用肿瘤内科学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：39.
[51]张志泉,金润铭.化疗对儿童白血病实质脏器的损伤及防治[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2008,2,23(2)：99-101.
[52]王甸果,孙福銮.恶性肿瘤非手术治疗常见并发症防治[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,2005：153.
[53]赖永洪,吴梓梁.小儿白血病化疗药物的毒性反应及处理[J].实用几种临床杂志,2008,8,23(15)：1150-1153.
[54]孟琼,万崇华,罗家洪等.癌症患者生命质量测定量表EORTC QLQ-C30的应用[J].中国行为医学科学,2005,14(3)：273-274.
[55]Sheila P, Kowalski TL, Chang CH. Quality of life assessment in women with breast cancer:benefits, acceptability and utilization. Health Qual Life Outcomes,2007,5:24.
[56]姜宝法,刘春晓,崔永春等.EORTC QLQ-C30的信度、效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(1)：31-32,36.
[57]林毅,司徒红林,张蓉.应用健脾补肾法结合子午流注理论治疗乳腺癌化疗后骨髓抑制症[J].新中医,2007,39(9)：94-95.
[58]赵明,赵玮,黄春艳.中西医结合在恶性血液病治疗中的应用[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2007,28(3)：73-75.
[59]宋炜熙,董克礼.补髓升白汤治疗白细胞减少症60倒临床观察[J].湖南中医杂志,2000,16(1)：6-7.
[60]方灿途,缪英年.健脾益肾饮治疗化疗后白细胞减少症[J].湖北中医志, 2002,24(1)：28.
[61]陈敏.温肾补血汤治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少32例观察[J].实用中医药杂志,2002,1 8(5)：10.
[62]朱玲玲,朱莉莉.益气养阴法治疗化疗后白细胞减少32例[J].江苏中医药2002,23(1)：22.
[63]张葆青.健脾补肾法治疗骨肉瘤化疗后白细胞减少症17例[J].陕西中医,2007,28(7)：841-843.
[64]张梅兰,刘学武,张芳兰.加味附子理中汤治疗肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症140例[J].陕西中医,2007,28(7)：843.
[65]王贤斌,傅爱萍.益气养血活血法治疗白细胞减少症68例[J].陕西中医,1997,18(11)：498.
[66]邓有安,颜维仁,袁光桂,等.活血化瘀法为主治疗白细胞减少症23例近期疗效观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,12：6.
[67]周永明,黄振翘,黄韬,等.“生血合剂”治疗白细胞减少症的临床观察[J].上海中医药杂志,1997,(11)：22.
[68]孙艳.中医分型辨治化疗期间呕吐[J].实用中医内科杂志,2006,20(5)：489.
[69]王忠.肿瘤化疗中消化道反应呕吐的辨证治疗[J].中医药学刊,2004,22(8)：1529-1530.
[70]侯桂兰.化疗药物所致消化系统毒副反应的中药防治[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(8).
[71]周兰.中药辨治配合敷脐治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗后腹泻疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(10)：837-838.
[72]崔仁明,宋博.参答白术散治疗化疗所致泄泻41例[J].中国社区医院综合版,2004,6(5)：524-526.
[73]贾立群.化疗药物所致消化道反应的中西医结合防治[J].中级医刊,1998,33(11)：650-651.
[74]孔颖泽.和胃清肠饮治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤化疗所致的腹泻(肠道湿热证)24例[J].河北中医,2001,23(10)：728-730.
[75]张若燕,李利亚,张培新.半夏泻心汤加味治疗肿瘤化疗所致腹泻临床体会 [J].中国中医急症,2007,16(6)：738.
[76]纪东世,张燕军,李燕雪.车前泽泻汤治疗化疗后腹泻31例[J].陕西中医学院学报,2006,29(5)：34-35.
[77]曹晓娴,赖妙娟,李志敏.肿瘤患者化疗后并发便秘的原因分析及护理对策[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2007,8(9)：2400-2401.
[78]姚惠琼.补中益气汤加味治疗气虚型便秘35例[J].实用中医药杂志,2008,24(5)：284-285.
[79]史小艳.穴位推拿腹部对化疗后便秘的预防作用[J].陕西中医学院学报,2009,32(2)：46-47.
[80]张维郁.沈小琦.益气养血升血小板方治疗化疗后血小板减小症的临床观察40例[J].中国医药指南,2012,10(4)：223-226.
[81]王莉,韩春红,于忠和,李红英.参芪十一味颗粒减轻化疗毒性反应的临床观察[J].论著经验交流,2011,39(5)：60-61.
[82]陈翠霞,谢可.贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗提高老年消化道肿瘤患者生活质量的疗效观察[J].实用医院临床杂志,2011,8(4)：89-90.
[83]郭军,何芙蓉,孟华,等.针刺治疗对紫杉醇所致的神经毒性反应的控制作用[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(41)：10.
[84]李秋荐,贾新焕,马玉静.针刺治疗肿瘤放化疗后白细胞减少症58例[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(1)：53.
[85]邓宏,龙顺钦,吴万垠,等.艾灸防治化疗致白细胞减少症46例疗效观察[J].新中医,2007,39(6)：90.
[86]赵喜新,路攻,朱霞,等.隔姜灸治疗化疗所致白细胞减少症多中心随机对照研究[J].中国针灸,2007,27(10)：715-720.
[87]周浣贞.不同针灸疗法对化疗所致白细胞减少症的临床观察[J].上海针灸杂志,1996,15(4)：29.
[88]李柳宁,孔怡琳,刘丽荣,等.雷火灸对含铂类药物化疗所致消化道反应25例[J].陕西中医,2009,30(7)：886-887.
[89]沈国伟.足三里不同针灸方法对化疗呕吐患者的胃动力学影响[J].南京中医药大学学报,2010,26(3)：232.
[90]韩予飞,龚正,黄利青,等.针刺治疗化疗后白细胞减少辅助作用观察[J].中国针灸,2010,30(10)：802-805.
[91]陈闯,张作军,黎汉忠,等.电针足三里穴对化疗减毒作用的临床察[J].新中医,2004,36(3)：46.
[92]杜煦电,郭勇,陈巩,等.不同时机针刺对缓解化疗药物所致血象损害作用的比较研究[J].中国针灸,1994,(3)：1-3.
[93]黄喜梅.电针足二里穴对癌症化疗中胃肠功能影响的临床及实验研究[J].上海针灸杂志,1996,15(3)：11-13.
[94]Tatewaki M, Strickland C, Fukuda H, etal. Effects of acupuncture on vasopressin induced emesis in conscious dogs [J]. T Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2005,288(2):R401-R408.
[95]Zou D, Chen H, Iwakiri K, etal. Inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations by electrical acupoint stimulation[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2005,289(2):G197-G201.
[96]陈闯,张作军,黎汉忠,等.电针足三里穴对化疗减毒作用的临床观察[J].新中医,2004,36(3)：46-48.
[97]陈捷,张冬梅,陈麟.针灸治疗化疗性呕吐的临床观察[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(14)：1705.
[98]李东芳,金红.针刺防治化疗药物所致呕吐34例[J].四川中医,2001,19(7)： 76.
[99]高雍康.针刺治疗介入化疗后胃肠道反应19例临床观察[J].江苏中医药,2005,26(2)：34.
[100]司马蕾,王旭.针刺治疗顺铂所致恶心呕吐疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2009,29(1)： 3.
[101]黄智芬,施智严,黎汉忠,等.针刺内关足三里穴防治顺铂等化疗所致消化道反应疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2008,35(6)：91 7-918.
[102]杨彩平,王晓霞,高启龙,等.足三里穴位注射预防癌症患者化疗所致消化道反应50例[J].河南中医,2011,31(8)：890-891.
[103]You Q, Yu H, Wu D, etal. Vitamin B-6 Points PC6. Injection During Acupuncture Can Relieve Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Ovarian Cancer[J]. International Journal Of Gynecological Cancer,2009,19(4):567-572.
[104]肖枚生,冯如兰.CD4+/CD8+与足三里穴位注射地塞米松治疗化疗后白细胞减少疗效的关系分析[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2010,19(5)：570-571.
[105]万里新,王瞬.穴位封闭治疗化疗后白细胞减少症21例[J].中国民间疗法,2007,15(3)：15.
[106]杨秋敏,朱瑞雪.穴位注射治疗化疗骨髓抑制的疗效观察[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(8)：616.
[107]燕玉琴,杨美霞.黄芪足三里封闭治疗化疗后白细胞减少症33例[J].四川中医,2002,20(4)：79.
[108]路玫,曹大明,王宪玲,等.穴贴扶正升白膏对抗化疗副作用的研究[J].中国针灸,2000,20(7)：425-427.
[109]贾书田,高春娥,孟广典,等.脐用升白散治疗肿瘤患者放化疗后白细胞减少症239例[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(4)：215.
[110]邢海平,王天昌.搏生癌宁透皮药贴对恶性肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制的保护作用[J].中医研究,1998,11(3)：24.
[111]陶鸿飞.针刺、艾灸大椎、脾俞、足三里治疗白细胞降低81例[J].针灸临床杂志,2005,19(9)：12.
[112]马泽云,张舒雁,许文波,等.太乙雷火神针治疗白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国针灸,1997,17(4)：207-209.
[113]林文注.实验针灸学[M].上海：上海中医学院出版社,1989：163.
[114]刘琨,李达,张宏业,等.隔蒜铺灸治疗恶性血液病化疗后骨髓抑制疗效观察[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2007,9(5)：145.
[115]李晓军,李秀华,刘亚书.灸法配合耳穴贴压治疗放化疗所致不良反应32例[J].中国针灸,2001,21(9)：523.
[116]姜民,王约青,朱炯,等.足三里穴位注射联合中药八珍汤防治化疗所致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,38(8)：1597-1599.
[117]耿志国.针灸治疗肿瘤放化疗反应临床疗效观察[J].中国医疗前沿,2010,5(2)：57.
[118]陈惠玲,王黎,邵梦阳,等.针灸治疗化疗引起白细胞减少症176例疗效观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1991,11：350-352.
[119]沈国伟。不同针灸方法防治化疗毒副反应的临床研究[J].实用临床医药杂志,2010,14(5)：57.
[120]大西基代.艾燃烧生成物的自由基清除作用研究[M].国外医学·中医中药分册,1992,14(3)：60.
[121]西谷郁子.关于艾的燃烧生成物中含有的抗氧化作用物质[M].国外医学·中医中药分册,1989,11(5)：47-48.
[122]杨华元.艾灸疗法的生物物理机制探讨[J].中国针灸,1996,(10)：17-18.
[123]坂本浩三.灸的药理与机体防御的关系[J].国外医学·中医中药分册,1987,9(4)：1-6.
[124]孙国杰.针灸学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2003：257.
[125]童晨光,谷世,衣华强..胸腹气街的形态学基础[J].针刺研究,2004,12(4)：270-273.
[126]王春萍.背俞穴隔姜灸预防化疗后白细胞减少40例疗效观察[J].河北中医2008,4(30)：412.
[2]邓海滨,徐振晔,王中奇.抗瘤增效方对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者的近期疗效及其对免疫功能的影响[J].中医杂志,2011,52：848-852.
[3]李艳红,魏海东,张霞,郭秋野.康艾注射液对非小细胞肺癌化疗患者近期疗效及免疫功能的影响[J].中国肿瘤临床与康复,2012,(4)： 292-294.
[4]Knospe LM. Human bone marrow cells observation under the seanning Electronmicroscope. A cta hamatol JPN,1982,45:721.
[5]Trentin J. Influence of hem atopoietic organ stroma on stem Cell differentiation in regulation of hum atopoiesis. N Engl JMed,1970,1:161.
[6]哈敏文,李振,何安光.黄芪合剂防治化疗性骨髓抑制的实验研究[J].中国医科大学学报,1997,26(5)：449-452.
[7]袁斌华.活髓片对化疗鼠骨髓抑制的治疗研究观察[J].新中医,1997,29(12)： 33-34.
[8]Cohen HJ. Geriatric principles of treatment applied to medical oncology an overview. Semin Oncol,1995,22(supple 1):1-2.
[9]Vose JM. Cytokineuse in the older patient. Semin Oncol,1995,22(supple 1):6-8.
[10]Cella D, Dobrez D, Giaspy J. Control of cancer related anemia with erythropoietin agents:a review of evidence for improved quality of life and clinical outcomes. Ann Oncol,2003,14(4):511-519.
[11]Cella D. Factors influencing quality of life in cancer patients Anemia and fatigue. Semin Oncol,1988,2:43-46.
[12]Loretta MItri. Ortimal Hemoglobin level for cancepatients. Semin Oncol,2000, 27 (supple 4):12-15.
[13]Winninghan ML, Nail LM, Burke MB, etal. Fatigue and the cancer experience the state of the knowledge. Oncol Nurs Forum,1994,21:23-36.
[14]Krishnasamy M. Social support and the patient with cancer:a consideration of the literature. Adv Nurs,1999,23(4):757-762.
[15]Cawford J, OzerH, Stoller R, etal. Reduction by granulocyt colony stimulating factor of fever and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med,1991,325:164.
[16]Longo DL, Devita VT, Jaffe ES, etal. Toxicities of therapy for aggressive lymphomas. Devita VT Jr, Cancer Principles&Practice of Oncology.4th Edtition JB Lippincott, Philadelphia,1993.
[17]The International Antimicrobial Therapy Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Three antibiotic regimens in the treatment of infection in febrile granulocytopenic patients with cancer. J Infect Dis,1978,137:14-29.
[18]Pizzo PA, Hathorn, Jw, Hiemenz, etal. A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination antibiotic therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N EnglJ Med,1987,315:552.
[19]Talcott JA, Siegel RD, Finberg R, Goldman L. Risk assessment in cancer patients with fever and neutopenia:A prospective two-center validation of a prediction rule. J ClinOncol.1992,10:316.
[20]Emetrexed:new drug. Pleural mesotheliom:a first encouraging trial[J]. Prescrire Int,2005,14(80):212-214.
[21]Aapro MS, Cameron DA, Pettengell R, etal. EORTC guidelines for the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to reduce the incidence of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in adult patients with lym-phomas and solid tumours[J]. Eur J Cancer,2006,42(15):2433-2453.
[22]Kanbe E Hatter Y, Tsuboi I, etal. Effects of neopterin on the hematopoietic microenvironment of senescence-acceleratec mice (SAM)[J]. Biol PharmBull, 2006,29(1):43-48.
[23]Fukumoto T, Tsuboi I, Harada T, ecal. Inflammatory biomarker, neopterin, enlarges splenic mast-cell-progenitor pool:prominent impairment of responses in age-related stromal cell-impairment mouse SCI/SAM[J]. Int Immunopharmacol,2006,6(12):1847-1858.
[24]Stolarska M, Mlynarski W, Zalewska szewczyk B, etal.Cytoprotective effect of amifostine in the treatment of childhood neoplastic diseases-aclinical study including the pharmacoeconomic analysis[J]. Pharmacol Rep,2006,58(1): 30-34.
[25]Hao QL, Shah AJ, Thiemann FT, etal. A functional comparison of CD34+CD3g+ cells in cord blood and bone marrow[J]. Blood,1995,86(10):3745-3753.
[26]Lu L.Xiao M, Shen RN, etal. Enrichment, characterization, andresponsivene of single primitive CD34+ human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors with high proliferativeand replacing potential [J]. Blood,1993, 81(1):41-48.
[27]言克莉.非药物干预肿瘤化疗所致恶心呕吐的进展[J].中国实用护理杂志,2007,23(11)：73-74.
[28]Roila F, Donati D. Tamberi S Delayed emesis:Incidence, pattern, prong-osticfactors and optimal treatment,2002,9:59-61.
[29]林千鹤子.抗癌药物毒副反应的对策[M].日本医学介,2001,22(1)：4912-4931.
[30]Grunberg SM, Hesketh PJ. Control of chemotherapy-induced emesis,1993:17 (4):124-127.
[31]Cubeddu LX.Serotonin mechanisms in chemotherapy-induced emesis in cancerpatients,1996,5 (3):39-40.
[32]Hesketh PJ. Van BelleS, Aapro M.Differential involvement of neurotransmfitters through the time course of cisplatininduced emesis as revealed by the rapy with specific receptor antagonists,2008:6(8):204.
[33]单信芝,李霞.化疗诱发恶心、呕吐的治疗[M].国外医学·护理学分册,2003：22(9)：424-426.
[34]张晓初,张频.肿瘤化疗所致恶心呕吐的发生机制和药物治疗的研究进展[J].癌症进展杂志,2006：4(4)：348-354.
[35]Hesketh PJ, Grunberg SM, Gralla RJ. The oral neurokinin-1 an atogonist aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting:A Multinationl randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial in patient sreceiving highdose cisplatin the aprepitant protocol study group,2003:18 (4): 199-206.
[36]Warr D G, Hesketh P J, Gralla R J. Efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nansea and vomiting in patient with breast cancer after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy,2005:46(6):220-225.
[37]National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects(ctcae) v3.0 [S].2004.
[38]Dedh JP, van Waardenbrg DA, Granzen B, etal Detectial of chemotherapy-induced emeroce to city with circulate intesti [J]. J Pedial Hematol Oncol,2006,28(4):267-269.
[39]String AM, Gibson RJ, Bowen JM, etal. Chemotherapy induced mucositis: the role of gastrointeninal microflora and mucins in the luminal environment[J] J support Oncol,2007,5(6):259-267.
[40]Shaft MA, Bresalier RS. The gastratrointestinal complications of on cologict herapy[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am,2010,39(3):629.
[41]Richardson G, Dobish R, Pharm B. Chemotherapy induced diarrhea[J]. J Oncol Pharm Practice,2007,13(4):181-198.
[42]Steinberg JS, Cohen AJ, PJasserman AG. etal. Acute arrhythmogenieity of doxombicin administration. Cancer,1987,60(6):1213-1218.
[43]林剑英,李涛,陈茹,等.应变率成像监测肿瘤患者葸环类药物化疗后心脏毒性的研究[J].临床超声医学杂,2010,5,12(5)：309-312.
[44]赖永洪,吴梓梁.小儿白血病化疗药物的毒性反应及处理[J].实用几种临床杂志,2008,8,23(15)：1150-1153.
[45]张丽媛,王莹,陈样新,等.恶性肿瘤患者在化疗期间心电图的改变[J].中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志,2010,24,5：429-432.
[46]罗剑锋,崔洁.柔红霉素对急性白血病患者心脏毒性的研究进展[J].心血管康复医学杂志,2010,2,19(1)：105-107.
[47]Ravi D, Das KC. Redoxcycling of anthracyclines by thioredoxin system: increased superoxide generation and DNA damage[J].Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2004,54(5):449-458.
[48]Cusack BJ, Gambliel H, Musser B, etal.Preventionof chronic an thracy clineear diotoxlcity in the adult Fisther 344 rat by dexrazoxane and effects on ironmetabolism[J].Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2006,58(4):517-526.
[49]伍艳萍,刘锐棠,余莉.三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病心脏毒性的临床分析[J].海南医学,2010,21(10)：13-16.
[50]周际昌.实用肿瘤内科学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：39.
[51]张志泉,金润铭.化疗对儿童白血病实质脏器的损伤及防治[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2008,2,23(2)：99-101.
[52]王甸果,孙福銮.恶性肿瘤非手术治疗常见并发症防治[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,2005：153.
[53]赖永洪,吴梓梁.小儿白血病化疗药物的毒性反应及处理[J].实用几种临床杂志,2008,8,23(15)：1150-1153.
[54]孟琼,万崇华,罗家洪等.癌症患者生命质量测定量表EORTC QLQ-C30的应用[J].中国行为医学科学,2005,14(3)：273-274.
[55]Sheila P, Kowalski TL, Chang CH. Quality of life assessment in women with breast cancer:benefits, acceptability and utilization. Health Qual Life Outcomes,2007,5:24.
[56]姜宝法,刘春晓,崔永春等.EORTC QLQ-C30的信度、效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2005,13(1)：31-32,36.
[57]林毅,司徒红林,张蓉.应用健脾补肾法结合子午流注理论治疗乳腺癌化疗后骨髓抑制症[J].新中医,2007,39(9)：94-95.
[58]赵明,赵玮,黄春艳.中西医结合在恶性血液病治疗中的应用[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2007,28(3)：73-75.
[59]宋炜熙,董克礼.补髓升白汤治疗白细胞减少症60倒临床观察[J].湖南中医杂志,2000,16(1)：6-7.
[60]方灿途,缪英年.健脾益肾饮治疗化疗后白细胞减少症[J].湖北中医志, 2002,24(1)：28.
[61]陈敏.温肾补血汤治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少32例观察[J].实用中医药杂志,2002,1 8(5)：10.
[62]朱玲玲,朱莉莉.益气养阴法治疗化疗后白细胞减少32例[J].江苏中医药2002,23(1)：22.
[63]张葆青.健脾补肾法治疗骨肉瘤化疗后白细胞减少症17例[J].陕西中医,2007,28(7)：841-843.
[64]张梅兰,刘学武,张芳兰.加味附子理中汤治疗肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症140例[J].陕西中医,2007,28(7)：843.
[65]王贤斌,傅爱萍.益气养血活血法治疗白细胞减少症68例[J].陕西中医,1997,18(11)：498.
[66]邓有安,颜维仁,袁光桂,等.活血化瘀法为主治疗白细胞减少症23例近期疗效观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,12：6.
[67]周永明,黄振翘,黄韬,等.“生血合剂”治疗白细胞减少症的临床观察[J].上海中医药杂志,1997,(11)：22.
[68]孙艳.中医分型辨治化疗期间呕吐[J].实用中医内科杂志,2006,20(5)：489.
[69]王忠.肿瘤化疗中消化道反应呕吐的辨证治疗[J].中医药学刊,2004,22(8)：1529-1530.
[70]侯桂兰.化疗药物所致消化系统毒副反应的中药防治[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(8).
[71]周兰.中药辨治配合敷脐治疗恶性肿瘤放化疗后腹泻疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(10)：837-838.
[72]崔仁明,宋博.参答白术散治疗化疗所致泄泻41例[J].中国社区医院综合版,2004,6(5)：524-526.
[73]贾立群.化疗药物所致消化道反应的中西医结合防治[J].中级医刊,1998,33(11)：650-651.
[74]孔颖泽.和胃清肠饮治疗晚期胃肠道肿瘤化疗所致的腹泻(肠道湿热证)24例[J].河北中医,2001,23(10)：728-730.
[75]张若燕,李利亚,张培新.半夏泻心汤加味治疗肿瘤化疗所致腹泻临床体会 [J].中国中医急症,2007,16(6)：738.
[76]纪东世,张燕军,李燕雪.车前泽泻汤治疗化疗后腹泻31例[J].陕西中医学院学报,2006,29(5)：34-35.
[77]曹晓娴,赖妙娟,李志敏.肿瘤患者化疗后并发便秘的原因分析及护理对策[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2007,8(9)：2400-2401.
[78]姚惠琼.补中益气汤加味治疗气虚型便秘35例[J].实用中医药杂志,2008,24(5)：284-285.
[79]史小艳.穴位推拿腹部对化疗后便秘的预防作用[J].陕西中医学院学报,2009,32(2)：46-47.
[80]张维郁.沈小琦.益气养血升血小板方治疗化疗后血小板减小症的临床观察40例[J].中国医药指南,2012,10(4)：223-226.
[81]王莉,韩春红,于忠和,李红英.参芪十一味颗粒减轻化疗毒性反应的临床观察[J].论著经验交流,2011,39(5)：60-61.
[82]陈翠霞,谢可.贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗提高老年消化道肿瘤患者生活质量的疗效观察[J].实用医院临床杂志,2011,8(4)：89-90.
[83]郭军,何芙蓉,孟华,等.针刺治疗对紫杉醇所致的神经毒性反应的控制作用[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(41)：10.
[84]李秋荐,贾新焕,马玉静.针刺治疗肿瘤放化疗后白细胞减少症58例[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(1)：53.
[85]邓宏,龙顺钦,吴万垠,等.艾灸防治化疗致白细胞减少症46例疗效观察[J].新中医,2007,39(6)：90.
[86]赵喜新,路攻,朱霞,等.隔姜灸治疗化疗所致白细胞减少症多中心随机对照研究[J].中国针灸,2007,27(10)：715-720.
[87]周浣贞.不同针灸疗法对化疗所致白细胞减少症的临床观察[J].上海针灸杂志,1996,15(4)：29.
[88]李柳宁,孔怡琳,刘丽荣,等.雷火灸对含铂类药物化疗所致消化道反应25例[J].陕西中医,2009,30(7)：886-887.
[89]沈国伟.足三里不同针灸方法对化疗呕吐患者的胃动力学影响[J].南京中医药大学学报,2010,26(3)：232.
[90]韩予飞,龚正,黄利青,等.针刺治疗化疗后白细胞减少辅助作用观察[J].中国针灸,2010,30(10)：802-805.
[91]陈闯,张作军,黎汉忠,等.电针足三里穴对化疗减毒作用的临床察[J].新中医,2004,36(3)：46.
[92]杜煦电,郭勇,陈巩,等.不同时机针刺对缓解化疗药物所致血象损害作用的比较研究[J].中国针灸,1994,(3)：1-3.
[93]黄喜梅.电针足二里穴对癌症化疗中胃肠功能影响的临床及实验研究[J].上海针灸杂志,1996,15(3)：11-13.
[94]Tatewaki M, Strickland C, Fukuda H, etal. Effects of acupuncture on vasopressin induced emesis in conscious dogs [J]. T Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2005,288(2):R401-R408.
[95]Zou D, Chen H, Iwakiri K, etal. Inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations by electrical acupoint stimulation[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2005,289(2):G197-G201.
[96]陈闯,张作军,黎汉忠,等.电针足三里穴对化疗减毒作用的临床观察[J].新中医,2004,36(3)：46-48.
[97]陈捷,张冬梅,陈麟.针灸治疗化疗性呕吐的临床观察[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2006,27(14)：1705.
[98]李东芳,金红.针刺防治化疗药物所致呕吐34例[J].四川中医,2001,19(7)： 76.
[99]高雍康.针刺治疗介入化疗后胃肠道反应19例临床观察[J].江苏中医药,2005,26(2)：34.
[100]司马蕾,王旭.针刺治疗顺铂所致恶心呕吐疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2009,29(1)： 3.
[101]黄智芬,施智严,黎汉忠,等.针刺内关足三里穴防治顺铂等化疗所致消化道反应疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2008,35(6)：91 7-918.
[102]杨彩平,王晓霞,高启龙,等.足三里穴位注射预防癌症患者化疗所致消化道反应50例[J].河南中医,2011,31(8)：890-891.
[103]You Q, Yu H, Wu D, etal. Vitamin B-6 Points PC6. Injection During Acupuncture Can Relieve Nausea and Vomiting in Patients With Ovarian Cancer[J]. International Journal Of Gynecological Cancer,2009,19(4):567-572.
[104]肖枚生,冯如兰.CD4+/CD8+与足三里穴位注射地塞米松治疗化疗后白细胞减少疗效的关系分析[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2010,19(5)：570-571.
[105]万里新,王瞬.穴位封闭治疗化疗后白细胞减少症21例[J].中国民间疗法,2007,15(3)：15.
[106]杨秋敏,朱瑞雪.穴位注射治疗化疗骨髓抑制的疗效观察[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2002,8(8)：616.
[107]燕玉琴,杨美霞.黄芪足三里封闭治疗化疗后白细胞减少症33例[J].四川中医,2002,20(4)：79.
[108]路玫,曹大明,王宪玲,等.穴贴扶正升白膏对抗化疗副作用的研究[J].中国针灸,2000,20(7)：425-427.
[109]贾书田,高春娥,孟广典,等.脐用升白散治疗肿瘤患者放化疗后白细胞减少症239例[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(4)：215.
[110]邢海平,王天昌.搏生癌宁透皮药贴对恶性肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制的保护作用[J].中医研究,1998,11(3)：24.
[111]陶鸿飞.针刺、艾灸大椎、脾俞、足三里治疗白细胞降低81例[J].针灸临床杂志,2005,19(9)：12.
[112]马泽云,张舒雁,许文波,等.太乙雷火神针治疗白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].中国针灸,1997,17(4)：207-209.
[113]林文注.实验针灸学[M].上海：上海中医学院出版社,1989：163.
[114]刘琨,李达,张宏业,等.隔蒜铺灸治疗恶性血液病化疗后骨髓抑制疗效观察[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2007,9(5)：145.
[115]李晓军,李秀华,刘亚书.灸法配合耳穴贴压治疗放化疗所致不良反应32例[J].中国针灸,2001,21(9)：523.
[116]姜民,王约青,朱炯,等.足三里穴位注射联合中药八珍汤防治化疗所致白细胞减少症的临床研究[J].辽宁中医杂志,2011,38(8)：1597-1599.
[117]耿志国.针灸治疗肿瘤放化疗反应临床疗效观察[J].中国医疗前沿,2010,5(2)：57.
[118]陈惠玲,王黎,邵梦阳,等.针灸治疗化疗引起白细胞减少症176例疗效观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1991,11：350-352.
[119]沈国伟。不同针灸方法防治化疗毒副反应的临床研究[J].实用临床医药杂志,2010,14(5)：57.
[120]大西基代.艾燃烧生成物的自由基清除作用研究[M].国外医学·中医中药分册,1992,14(3)：60.
[121]西谷郁子.关于艾的燃烧生成物中含有的抗氧化作用物质[M].国外医学·中医中药分册,1989,11(5)：47-48.
[122]杨华元.艾灸疗法的生物物理机制探讨[J].中国针灸,1996,(10)：17-18.
[123]坂本浩三.灸的药理与机体防御的关系[J].国外医学·中医中药分册,1987,9(4)：1-6.
[124]孙国杰.针灸学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2003：257.
[125]童晨光,谷世,衣华强..胸腹气街的形态学基础[J].针刺研究,2004,12(4)：270-273.
[126]王春萍.背俞穴隔姜灸预防化疗后白细胞减少40例疗效观察[J].河北中医2008,4(30)：412.