重庆市农田土壤有机碳库现状、变化趋势及固碳潜力研究
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摘要
从20世纪末起,全球变化引起了众多科学家对陆地生态系统碳循环以及碳收支的关注。土壤碳库储量约是陆地生态系统中生物碳库的三倍,大气碳库的两倍。因此土壤有机碳库是全球陆地生态系统碳循环的研究热点,也是全球变化问题研究的核心内容之一。现有的研究结果表明,全球土壤碳库大小约为2500Pg,全球有机碳库储量约占全球碳库总量的60%。中国土壤有机碳库为80～90Pg,约占全球有机碳库的5%。其中中国表层土壤有机碳库大小为38～40Pg,约为中国土壤有机碳库的42.2%～47.5%。重庆地区表土和全土的土壤有机碳库大小分别为0.27Pg和1.00Pg。但是上述土壤有机碳库的估算数据多来源于第二次全国土壤普查时期的成果,因此其估算结果不能反映现时的土壤有机碳库状况。土壤碳库的碳汇与碳源作用是可以相互转化的,因此土壤碳库在减少碳排放与缓解全球变化中具有重要作用。农田土壤碳库是陆地生态系统中最活跃和最有影响力的碳库之一,其碳储量约占全球陆地系统碳储量的1/10。具估算,中国农田土壤有机碳储量约为全国土壤有机碳总储量的14.4%～16.2%。由于农田土壤有机碳库受到人类活动的强烈影响,且其碳库储量在短期内可受到人为调控。因此农田土壤的有机碳固定是我国CO2减排压力下碳汇的重要去向。西南地区地处大江大河上源,自然环境复杂多样,地貌类型复杂多变,地质历史特殊,生物多样性丰富。同时西南丘陵区的土壤类型和农田管理措施也与平原地区有着极大差异。然而对于西南丘陵地区,特别是重庆地区农田土壤碳库的储量和潜力研究极为缺乏。随着全球农田生态系统碳循环研究的深入,为了进一步研究土壤有机碳动态变化趋势,土壤有机碳动态模型得到了较为广泛的应用。在东北地区和华北地区,DNDC模型、RothC模型、CENTUR模型等有机碳动态模型得到了学者的验证。但是在西南丘陵地区,土壤有机碳动态模型的应用较少。适用于重庆地区紫色土和水稻土的有机碳动态模型仍未从得知。
因此本文选取重庆市为研究区域,收集了重庆地区的土地利用现状图、土壤类型分布图、2006～2011年测土配方施肥数据以及第二次土壤普查数据等资料。根据不同时间点的土壤调查与分析数据,采用土壤类型法统计出重庆市农田土壤的有机碳储量,并分析了30年来重庆地区的土壤碳库变化趋势。同时以土属为统计单元,从2006年测土配方施肥项目的土壤调查和分析数据中,筛选出同一土属耕层有机碳含量最高值,将其作为该土属的固碳限值,对比2006年重庆市农田耕层土壤碳密度和碳储量,统计求出重庆市农田耕层土壤的固碳潜力。在有机碳动态模型验证方面：利用长期定位试验多年的监测数据和研究结果,对DNDC模型进行了验证。通过上述工作,本文希望能够阐明重庆市农田土壤固碳现状及其有机碳库的演变格局,预测重庆市农田土壤的固碳潜力,为土壤有机碳库演变机理研究提供理论参考,也为该区域农业可持续发展与粮食安全战略的建立和实施,以及与我国全球变化相关的国际谈判提供科学依据。
具体研究结果如下：
(1)在全国范围内,重庆农田表层SOCD(土壤有机碳密度)居于中等水平。不同土壤类型的SOCD0-20差异较大。重庆地区的水稻土SOCD0-20高于其他土壤类型,而紫色土SOCD0-20则显著低于其他土壤类型。紫色土和水稻土是重庆地区分布面积最大和SOCR0-20(0-20cm土层的土壤有机碳储量)最大的两种农田土壤类型,这两种土类的SOCR0-20共占到全市总储量的75.6%。由此可见,二者应是重庆地区农田SOC库的重点监控和调控对象。
重庆市农田0-20cm土层SOCD为3.38kg/m2。不同土类的SOCD0-20高低次序依次为：黄棕壤(4.25kg/m2)>水稻土(3.89kg/m2)>石灰岩土(3.88kg/m2)>冲积土(3.16kg/m2)>黄壤土(2.68kg/m2)>紫色土(2.44kg/m2)。冲积土、黄壤土和紫色土SOCD0-2o均低于重庆市SOCD0-20均值。重庆地区0-20cm农田SOCR为70.442Tg。其中水田SOCR0-20为37.773Tg,旱地SOCR0-20为32.669Tg,二者分别占全市农田SOCR0-20总量的53.62%和46.38%。不同土类SOCR0-20的高低顺序为：水稻土(37.773Tg)>紫色土(15.448Tg)>黄壤土(9.2030Tg)>石灰岩土(6.9400Tg)>黄棕壤(0.71140Tg)>冲积土(0.36660Tg)。在重庆地区农田中,不同土类0-20cm的AI大小次序分别为：黄棕壤>石灰岩土>水稻土>黄壤土>冲积土>紫色土。以0-20cm耕层来说,黄棕壤SOC(土壤有机碳)存储能力最强,其次为石灰岩土,紫色土最弱。可见,作为重庆地区农田土壤中分布面积第二的土壤类型,紫色土应该是全市农田增碳措施实施的重点对象。
(2)重庆地区不同区县的农田SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20均有较大差异。在不同区县,相同土壤类型的农田SOCD0-20差异明显。且不同区县中同一类型土壤的SOCR0-20占全区/全县总SOCR0-20的百分比差异也较大。从地理区域的角度而言,渝西地区农田SOCR0-20远大于渝东北地区SOCR0-2o。这说明重庆地区的农田SOC分布较为不均。且不同土壤类型在不同地理区域土壤有机碳库中具有的重要性也有所不同。
在重庆市的33个区县中,水稻_土SOCD0-20最高值出现在城口县,紫色土SOCD0-20最高值为酉阳县,黄壤土最大值为荣昌县,而石灰岩土和冲积土最高值则分别出现在綦江县和秀山县。五个土类(水稻土、紫色土、黄壤土、石灰岩土、冲积土)SOCD0-20的最低值分别为渝北区、云阳县、开县、梁平县和涪陵区。不同区县间SOCR0-20极差高达4.0810Tg。酉阳县的SOCR0-20最高,为4.5250Tg。万盛区的农田SOCR0-20最小,仅为0.44320Tg。大部分区县的SOCR0-20数值都位于1-2Tg范围内。对大部分区县而言,水稻土和紫色土农田SOCR0-20占全县总SOCR0-20的比例极大。但是在少数区县,黄壤土和石灰岩土也储存着比例较大的SOC。不同地理区域的SOCR0-20高低顺序为：渝西地区>渝东南地区>渝南地区>渝东地区>渝东北地区。不同土类SOCR0-20占渝东、渝南、渝西农田总SOCR0-20的百分比次序相同,均为水稻土>紫色土>黄壤土>石灰岩土>冲积土。而渝东北和渝东南地区的土类SOCR0-20百分比次序分别为：水稻土>黄壤土>石灰岩土>紫色土>黄棕壤>冲积土、黄壤土>水稻土>石灰岩土>紫色土>冲积土>红壤。
(3)在重庆市平行岭谷区、盆边丘陵山地区和武陵山区中,30年来3个典型县的农田SOCDo-20均呈现上升的趋势。但是不同土壤类型的农田SOCD0-20变化趋势有所不同。重庆地区的水稻土和黄壤土SOCD0-20总体呈现上升的趋势,而紫色土、冲积土和石灰岩土的SOCD0-20则均有降低的趋势。重庆地区SOCRo-2。整体仍呈上升趋势。因此在过去的30年间,重庆农田表层土壤在碳循环中表现出“增汇效应”
自1980年以来,近30年的人为扰动对重庆市不同地区的农田耕层SOC累积具有正面影响。在供试的3个典型县中,川东平行岭谷区的垫江县和武陵山区的酉阳县SOCR0-20分别增加了0.41456Tg和0.67140Tg,其上升幅度分别为26.1%和17.4%。地处盆边丘陵山地区的綦江县SOCR0-20增加值最小,为0.23149Tg,其上升幅度为9.60%。水稻土SOCR0-20的增加值分别对平行岭谷区和盆边丘陵山地区农田有机碳库增长的贡献最大,其增加的SOCR0-20分别占上述两个区域SOCR0_20总增长量的59.0%和75.8%。而武陵山区的黄壤土SOCR0-20增长量占全区总增长量的则81.4%,黄壤土对该区域有机碳库正面影响最火。紫色_土耕层有机碳储量的下降对盆边丘陵山地区的农田有机碳库负面影响极大。其中綦江县紫色土SOCR0-20下降量远高于全县SOCR0-20增长量。
(4)重庆地区不同地形地貌的农田耕层SOC含量高低次序为：平坝缓丘>丘陵下部>山麓及坡腰平缓地>丘陵上部。而不同海拔农田SOC含量高低顺序为600-700m>500-600m>300-400m>400-500m。总体而言,不同环境因素对重庆市农田SOC含量的影响差异较小。而耕层SOC含量与土壤全氮含量相关性极显著,与其他土壤化学性质无相关性。土壤物理性质对SOC含量具有显著影响,不同质地和结构的耕层SOC含量高低次序分别为：重壤>中壤>砂壤>轻壤和微团粒>团粒>团块>粒状>块状。以耕作制度为代表的农田管理措施对SOC含量影响较大。不同耕作制度下耕层SOC含量大小次序为：一年一熟>一年两熟>常年生>一年三熟。通过T检验发现,一年一熟的SOC含量与其他耕作制度的SOC含量均具有极显著差异。
(5)重庆地区的农田表层土壤具有极大的固碳潜力。但是固碳潜力的区域差异和土壤类型差异也较为明显。渝西地区是固碳潜力最大的地理区域。水稻土和紫色土的固碳潜力则远高于其他土壤类型。利用DNDC模型可以极好地模拟重庆地区SOC动态变化趋势,从而为重庆地区SOC演变趋势研究和固碳潜力研究提供了新的研究方法。
若以2006年SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20为基点,保持现有耕地面积不变,重庆地区农田SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20的增加潜力分别为6.69kg/m2和227.23Tg,二者增幅分别达到198%和322%。这表明重庆地区农田耕层具有巨大的固碳潜力。其中,水稻土和紫色土固碳潜力为137.09Tg和68.714Tg,分别占全市总固碳潜力60.3%、30.2%。由此可见耕层增碳潜力主要存在于紫色土和水稻土中。利用紫色水稻土不同耕作制度下的长期定位试验数据,本文结合DNDC模型来探讨长期不同耕作措施下SOC变化趋势。采用RMSE模型检验的方法,对模拟值与实测值之间的拟合相关性进行了分析。从DNDC模拟值与实测值的RMSE值看出：DNDC模拟可以较好地模拟重庆市紫色水稻土的SOC动态变化。模拟结果表明,4种耕作制度配合秸秆还田处理的SOC含量都呈现增长的趋势。通过DNDC模型,本文模拟了北碚区未来100年水稻土耕层SOC固定潜力。该模拟值高于北碚区现实固碳潜力。这可能是由于DNDC模型未考虑水稻土有机碳库上升达到平衡的时间期限和固碳限值的原因。
综上所述,根据重庆地区最新的土壤调查资料和分析结果,本文估算了重庆地区耕层土壤有机碳库储量现状和时空分布,从而证明农田耕层土壤有机碳库在重庆地区土壤有机碳库中占有重要地位。较前人使用第二次土壤普查数据所估算的结果,该研究成果更能反映重庆地区有机碳库现状,从而为正确评价重庆地区农田碳库在全国碳库中的地位提供数据支持。同时探明了不同土壤类型在重庆农田土壤有机碳库中的重要地位,为重庆区域农田管理措施和土壤碳库调控政策提供了参考依据；通过研究估算出重庆地区耕层土壤的固碳潜力,同时对不同土壤类型的农田固碳潜力和土壤固碳潜力的空间分布也进行了估算。上述结果为重庆地区农业固碳的战略制定与技术选择提供了理论参考,并为与重庆地区甚至全国的全球变化相关的国际谈判提供了科学依据；通过将长期定位试验与土壤有机碳动态模型分析相结合,对有机碳动态模型在重庆地区的运用进行了验证,找出适合重庆地区的土壤有机碳模型,从而为研究重庆地区的土壤有机碳变化趋势和固碳潜力提供了新的研究思路与方法。在今后的工作中,可以加强下述研究：重庆地区土壤剖面有机碳密度及储量的研究；重庆地区不同农田土壤固碳技术对固碳潜力的影响研究；为了更好地运用DNDC模型进行模拟,对重庆地区不同类型的农田固碳持续时间和固碳能力进行研究。
Since from the end of the20th century, many scientists more concerned about terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and carbon budget by global change. The storage of soil carbon pool was thrice the storage of biological carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystem, and twice the storage of Atmospheric carbon pool. Therefore, soil organic carbon pool was the focus of global terrestrial carbon cycle research of ecological system, and it was one of the core contents of global change research. Existing research results show the global soil carbon storage about was2500Pg, the storage of global soil organic carbon accounted for about60%of the total global carbon pool. The storage of Chain soil organic carbon pool was80-90Pg, it accounting for5%of global organic carbon pool storage. The storage of chain topsoil organic carbon pool was38-40Pg, accounted for42.2%-47.5%of Chain organic carbon pool storage. Existing data indicate that the total soil organic carbon stock of topsoil of20cm depth and of whole soils of100cm depth amounts to0.27Tg and1.00Tg. But the above research results were based on the second national soil survey results, so the estimation results couldn't reflect the present situation of the soil organic carbon pool. Soil organic carbon pool of farmland was one of the most active and influential carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, and its carbon stock accounted for10%of the global terrestrial carbon storage. With estimation, soil organic carbon reserves of farmland accounted for14.4%-16.2%of the total soil organic carbon storage in China. Soil organic carbon fixation of farmland was important carbon sequestration under the pressure of CO2emission reduction. Illy and mountainous regions of Southwest was located on the river source, and its natural environment was complexity and diversity, the geological history was complex and landform. The biodiversity and soil type were special and rich. But the Southwest regions, especially in Chongqing Area, were lack of research on reserves and potential of soil carbon pool of farmland. With the in-depth study on global carbon cycle of farmland ecosystem and in order to further study on dynamics of soil organic carbon change trend, soil organic carbon dynamics model had been applied widely. In the China Northeast Area and China North Area, dynamic models of organic carbon had been verified, for example DNDC model、Roth-C model、CENTUR model. But in the Southwest Hilly Area, there was lack of application of soil organic carbon dynamics model. The oil organic carbon dynamics models which could be applied to purple soil and paddy soil in Chongqing Area were not known. So it was necessary to strengthen the application of organic carbon dynamics model in Chongqing area.
In conclusion, Chongqing City was taken as the study area in this paper, and the soil utilization map of Chongqing City、soil type map of Chongqing City、the soil testing data of formula fertilization project from2006-2011、the second soil survey data were collected. According to the soil analysis data under different time points, the method of soil taxonomy was used to estimate soil organic carbon storage and analysis the change trend of soil carbon pool in Chongqing Area's farmland. Moreover, the soil genuses were taken based as a statistical unit. Form the soil testing data of formula fertilization project, this paper screened out the highest values of topsoil organic carbon content in the same soil genus. This highest values were regarded as the soil carbon sequestration limits. Compared to the Chongqing farmland soil carbon density and storage in2006, the carbon sequestration potential of farmland topsoil in Chongqing City Statistics was calculated. the DNDC model was verified by the monitoring data and research results of the long-term tests. Through the above work, this paper hoped to be able to clarify the soil organic carbon sequestration status and the evolution pattern of Chongqing farmland, and to predict the soil organic carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing City, to provide theoretical reference for research of soil organic carbon pool evolution mechanism. This paper also expected to provide scientific basis on the establishment and implementation of the regional agricultural sustainable development and grain security strategy, as well as international negotiations which related with China global changes.
The results are as follows.
(1) Nationwide, the SOC density of Chongqing's farmland soil was medium level in surface SOC density. But the differences of SOC density under different soil types were larger. The SOC density of paddy soil was higher than other soil types in Chongqing Area. The SOC density of purple soil was dignificantly lower than other soil types in Chongqing Area. As the most widely distributed and the most SOC storages soils in Chongqing City, the SOC storages of paddy soil and purple soil were accounted for75.55%in Chongqing city. So paddy soil and purple soil were the most important SOC stock of cropland in Chong City, and these two kinds'soils were the main object for implementation measures to improve SOC content of cropland.
SOC density of the cultivated horizon in cropland located in Chongqing City was3.38kg/m2. The order of SOC density of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups were yellow-brown soil (4.25kg/m2)> paddy soil (3.89kg/m2)>calcareous soil (3.88kg/m2)> alluvial soil (3.16kg/m2)> yellow soil (2.68kg/m2)> purple soil (2.44kg/m2). The SOC density of alluvial soil、yellow soil and purple soil were lower than the average lever of Chongqing City. The SOC storage in0-20cm of cropland located in Chongqing City was70.442Tg. The SOC storage in paddy field was37.773Tg, and the SOC storage in dry land was32.669Tg. The SOC storages of paddy field and dry land accounted for53.62%and46.38%respectively. The order of SOC storage of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups are paddy soil (37.773Tg)> purple soil (15.448Tg)> yellow soil (9.2030Tg)>calcareous soil(6.9400Tg)>yellow-brown soil(0.71140Tg)> alluvial soil (0.36660Tg). In the cultivated horizon of Chongqing city, the order of the indexes of SOC abundance in different soil groups are yellow-brown soil(AI0-20=205)> calcareous soil(AI0-20=199)> paddy soil (AI0-20=185)> yellow soil (AI0-20=137)> alluvial soil (AI0-20=107)> purple soil (AI0-20=103). The SOC storage capability of yellow-brown soil was the strongest in0-20layer of soil, secondly for calcareous soil, and purple soil was the weakest. In different soil types, the SOC storage capability was different. As the second laggest distributed soil in Chongqing City, purple soil was the main object for implementation measures to improve SOC content of0-20cm cropland.
(2) The SOC density and SOC storage in different county changed relatively greatly. In different counties, the SOC dendity of same soil type had siginificant difference, and the percentage of SOC storage which was same soil type also was different. Form the geographical perspective, the SOC reserve of Yuxi Region was much larger than the SOC reserve of Yudongbei Region. It showed that the SOC distribution was uneven in Chongqing Area. The importance of soil types in different geographical region's farmland carbom pool was also different.
In different counties of Chongqing city, the maximal value of paddy soil's SOC density of the cultivated horizon in cropland appeared in Chengkou County, the maximal value of purple soil's SOC density appeared in Youyang County, the maximal value of yellow soil's SOC density appeared in Rongchang County, and the maximal values of calcareous soil's and alluvial soil's SOC density respectively appeared in Qijiang County and Xiushan County. The minimum values of different soil groups(paddy soil、purple soil、yellow soil、calcareous soil、alluvial soil)respectively appeared in Yubei District、Yunyang County、Kaixian County、Liangping County、Fuling District. The SOC storage in different county changed relatively greatly, which had the amplitude of4.0810Tg. The SOC storage in0-20cm of cropland located in Youyang County was4.5250Tg, and the SOC storage in Wangsheng District was0.44320Tg. These SOC storages respectively were the maximum and minimum values. The SOC storage of most counties were located in the1-2Tg range, and paddy soil's and purple soil's SOC storage had great proportion in total SOC storage. But In a few counties, yellow soil's and calcareous soil's SOC storage also had great proportion in total SOC storage. The thirty-three counties of Chongqing were divided into five geographical regions from the perspective of geographical area. The order of SOC storage in different geographical area were Yuxi Area> Yudongnan Area> Yudong Area> Yudongbei Area> Yunan Area. The SOC storages in different geographical area respectively accounted for28.58%、21.04%、18.80%、16.35%、15.22%in Chongqing city's total SOC storage. In Yudong Area、Yunan Area and Yuxi Area, the order of SOC storage of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups were similar, which were paddy soil> purple soil>yellow soil>calcareous soil>alluvial soil. But in Yudongbei Area and Yudongnan Area, the order respectively were paddy soil>yellow soil>calcareous soil>purple soil>yellow-brown soil>alluvial soil and yellow soil> paddy soil> calcareous soil> purple soil> alluvial soil>red soil.
(3) in parallel ridge-and-valley area, the basin edge hill area and Wuling mountain area of Chongqing City, the farmland SOC densities of three typical counties showed a rising trend. But the change trends of different soil types were different. The SOC densities of paddy soil and yellow soil had overall upward trends in Chongqing Area. But the SOC density of purple soil had a trend of decline. The change trend of SOC stroage was overall upward in Chongqing City. So in the past thirty years, the farmland topsoil showed a effect of sink enchancement in the carbon cycle in Chongqing City
Since1980, artificial disturbance had complex effect to SOC accumulation in cropland. In three typical counties, the SOC storages of Dianjiang County and Youyang county respectively increased of0.41456Tg and0.67140Tg, the growth rate was26.1%and17.4%respectively. But the SOC storages of Qijiang County rasied0.23149Tg, the rate was9.60%. In paralleled ridge-valley area and basin margin-hilly lands area, the value added of SOC storage in paddy filed had biggest effect on the growth of the county's SOC storage, and SOCR0-20volume growth of paddy soil accounted for59.0%and75.8%in regional total SOCR0-20volume growths. In Wuling Mountainous Area, the soil group was yellow soil. But the value decreased of SOC storage in purple soil had biggest effect on the decrease of basin margin-hilly lands area's SOC storage.
(4)SOC content of cropland was relative to physical geography characteristic, for example physiognomy, climate, soil physicochemical property and so on. The SOC content of0-20cm soil layer rank as Pingba Gentle Hill> The Lower Hill> The Foothills and Slope Waist Gently> The Top Hill. The order of SOC content of the cultivated horizon in different altitude were600-700m>500-600m>300-400m>400-500m. In a word, environmental factors had a minor effect on SOC contents. The correlationof SOC content of topsoil with soil total nitrogen content was significantly, but it hadn't correlation with other soil chemical properties. Soil physical properties greatly effects on SOC content. The SOC content in different soil texture rank as, clay soil textures> loam> sandy loam> light loam. The order of SOC content in different soil structure were microaggregates> aggregates> crumb> granular> block. Cropland management, such as farming system, could significantly affect SOC of the cultivated horizon. In different farming system, the order of SOC content were One-crop> Double-crop> Perennial-crop> Three-crop. The result of T test in four kinds of farming systems showed that farm system of one-crop had the extremely significant difference with other farming systems.
(5) The soil carbon sequestration potential of farmland topsoil was great in Chongqing Area. But the regional differences and the differences of soil types of carbon sequestration potential were obvious. The Yuxi region was the largest geographical region in carbon sequestration potential. The carbon sequestration potential of paddy soil and purple soil were much higher than other soil types. DNDC model could provide an execellent simulation of SOC dynamic change in Chongqing City. So a new method of study on carbon sequestration potential and the SOC evolution trend was offered in Chongqing City.
The SOC density and storage in2006were used for basic point and the present area of arable area was maintained, SOC density potential and SOC storage potential in0-20cm soil layer were6.69kg/m2and227.23Tg, increased by198%and322%. It showed that there was huge potential of SOC sequestration in0-20cm cropland located in Chongqing City. The SOC storage potential of paddy soil and purple soil respectively were68.714Tg and137.09Tg, which accounted for60.3%and30.2%. It showed that the SOC storage potential of cultivated horizon mainly existed in purple soil and paddy soil. In different soil types, the soil genus of gray-grown-purple soil and purple rice soil had the highest potential of SOC sequestration in0-20cm soil layer of Chongqing City. A long-term experiment and DNDC model were conducted to study the effects of different tillage systems on accumulation and mineralization of organic carbon in purple paddy soil. The analog value of DNDC model was same as measured values of different treatments. The RMSE (root mean square error) values between the analog values and measured values were smaller than10%, and the correlativity of all treatments were extremely correlativity in0.01notable level. It indicated that the simulates results of four kinds cultivation system by DNDC model were extremely well. As displayed by the long time stimulant results:if keeping present cultivation system and cultivate pattern, soil organic carbon contents of Beibei District would stably increase during100years. The SOC storage potential of Beibei District was calculated by DNDC model. The analog value was lower than the present SOC sequestration potential. It may be caused by the DNDC model doesn't consider equilibrium time of SOC increased and the limit value of SOC sequestration potential.
In a word, the recent soil survey data and analysis results of Chongqing region were used in this paper, soil organic carbon storage status and space-time distribution of Chongqing City were estimated. The result showed that topsoil organic carbon pool of farmland occupied an important position in the soil organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area.Compared with the previous estimated results which used the data of the second soil survey, this paper could better reflect the status of organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area, and provide data support for correctly evaluate the position of Chongqing City's farmland carbon pool in national carbon pool. At the same time, the paper proved the important status of different soil types on farmland soil organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area. It provided reference basis for the regional farmland management measures and soil carbon regulation policy; the results of this study found that farmland topsoil had a great carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing region. The different soil types of farmland had differences on carbon sequestration potential. This paper also clearly estimated spatial distribution of farmland soil carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing Area. The above results provides theoretical reference for the strategy formulation and technology selection of agriculture carbon sequestration in Chongqing region, and offered scientific basis on the international negotiations which related with global changes; through the combination of long-term located experiment with soil organic carbon dynamics model, this paper tested and verified the dynamic model of soil organic carbon. Through this works, the soil organic carbon dynamic model which suitable for Chongqing Area was found. It supplied a new research idea and method for research changes trend of soil organic carbon and prediction on soil carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing City.In the future works, the following research could be strengthen:
因此本文选取重庆市为研究区域,收集了重庆地区的土地利用现状图、土壤类型分布图、2006～2011年测土配方施肥数据以及第二次土壤普查数据等资料。根据不同时间点的土壤调查与分析数据,采用土壤类型法统计出重庆市农田土壤的有机碳储量,并分析了30年来重庆地区的土壤碳库变化趋势。同时以土属为统计单元,从2006年测土配方施肥项目的土壤调查和分析数据中,筛选出同一土属耕层有机碳含量最高值,将其作为该土属的固碳限值,对比2006年重庆市农田耕层土壤碳密度和碳储量,统计求出重庆市农田耕层土壤的固碳潜力。在有机碳动态模型验证方面：利用长期定位试验多年的监测数据和研究结果,对DNDC模型进行了验证。通过上述工作,本文希望能够阐明重庆市农田土壤固碳现状及其有机碳库的演变格局,预测重庆市农田土壤的固碳潜力,为土壤有机碳库演变机理研究提供理论参考,也为该区域农业可持续发展与粮食安全战略的建立和实施,以及与我国全球变化相关的国际谈判提供科学依据。
具体研究结果如下：
(1)在全国范围内,重庆农田表层SOCD(土壤有机碳密度)居于中等水平。不同土壤类型的SOCD0-20差异较大。重庆地区的水稻土SOCD0-20高于其他土壤类型,而紫色土SOCD0-20则显著低于其他土壤类型。紫色土和水稻土是重庆地区分布面积最大和SOCR0-20(0-20cm土层的土壤有机碳储量)最大的两种农田土壤类型,这两种土类的SOCR0-20共占到全市总储量的75.6%。由此可见,二者应是重庆地区农田SOC库的重点监控和调控对象。
重庆市农田0-20cm土层SOCD为3.38kg/m2。不同土类的SOCD0-20高低次序依次为：黄棕壤(4.25kg/m2)>水稻土(3.89kg/m2)>石灰岩土(3.88kg/m2)>冲积土(3.16kg/m2)>黄壤土(2.68kg/m2)>紫色土(2.44kg/m2)。冲积土、黄壤土和紫色土SOCD0-2o均低于重庆市SOCD0-20均值。重庆地区0-20cm农田SOCR为70.442Tg。其中水田SOCR0-20为37.773Tg,旱地SOCR0-20为32.669Tg,二者分别占全市农田SOCR0-20总量的53.62%和46.38%。不同土类SOCR0-20的高低顺序为：水稻土(37.773Tg)>紫色土(15.448Tg)>黄壤土(9.2030Tg)>石灰岩土(6.9400Tg)>黄棕壤(0.71140Tg)>冲积土(0.36660Tg)。在重庆地区农田中,不同土类0-20cm的AI大小次序分别为：黄棕壤>石灰岩土>水稻土>黄壤土>冲积土>紫色土。以0-20cm耕层来说,黄棕壤SOC(土壤有机碳)存储能力最强,其次为石灰岩土,紫色土最弱。可见,作为重庆地区农田土壤中分布面积第二的土壤类型,紫色土应该是全市农田增碳措施实施的重点对象。
(2)重庆地区不同区县的农田SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20均有较大差异。在不同区县,相同土壤类型的农田SOCD0-20差异明显。且不同区县中同一类型土壤的SOCR0-20占全区/全县总SOCR0-20的百分比差异也较大。从地理区域的角度而言,渝西地区农田SOCR0-20远大于渝东北地区SOCR0-2o。这说明重庆地区的农田SOC分布较为不均。且不同土壤类型在不同地理区域土壤有机碳库中具有的重要性也有所不同。
在重庆市的33个区县中,水稻_土SOCD0-20最高值出现在城口县,紫色土SOCD0-20最高值为酉阳县,黄壤土最大值为荣昌县,而石灰岩土和冲积土最高值则分别出现在綦江县和秀山县。五个土类(水稻土、紫色土、黄壤土、石灰岩土、冲积土)SOCD0-20的最低值分别为渝北区、云阳县、开县、梁平县和涪陵区。不同区县间SOCR0-20极差高达4.0810Tg。酉阳县的SOCR0-20最高,为4.5250Tg。万盛区的农田SOCR0-20最小,仅为0.44320Tg。大部分区县的SOCR0-20数值都位于1-2Tg范围内。对大部分区县而言,水稻土和紫色土农田SOCR0-20占全县总SOCR0-20的比例极大。但是在少数区县,黄壤土和石灰岩土也储存着比例较大的SOC。不同地理区域的SOCR0-20高低顺序为：渝西地区>渝东南地区>渝南地区>渝东地区>渝东北地区。不同土类SOCR0-20占渝东、渝南、渝西农田总SOCR0-20的百分比次序相同,均为水稻土>紫色土>黄壤土>石灰岩土>冲积土。而渝东北和渝东南地区的土类SOCR0-20百分比次序分别为：水稻土>黄壤土>石灰岩土>紫色土>黄棕壤>冲积土、黄壤土>水稻土>石灰岩土>紫色土>冲积土>红壤。
(3)在重庆市平行岭谷区、盆边丘陵山地区和武陵山区中,30年来3个典型县的农田SOCDo-20均呈现上升的趋势。但是不同土壤类型的农田SOCD0-20变化趋势有所不同。重庆地区的水稻土和黄壤土SOCD0-20总体呈现上升的趋势,而紫色土、冲积土和石灰岩土的SOCD0-20则均有降低的趋势。重庆地区SOCRo-2。整体仍呈上升趋势。因此在过去的30年间,重庆农田表层土壤在碳循环中表现出“增汇效应”
自1980年以来,近30年的人为扰动对重庆市不同地区的农田耕层SOC累积具有正面影响。在供试的3个典型县中,川东平行岭谷区的垫江县和武陵山区的酉阳县SOCR0-20分别增加了0.41456Tg和0.67140Tg,其上升幅度分别为26.1%和17.4%。地处盆边丘陵山地区的綦江县SOCR0-20增加值最小,为0.23149Tg,其上升幅度为9.60%。水稻土SOCR0-20的增加值分别对平行岭谷区和盆边丘陵山地区农田有机碳库增长的贡献最大,其增加的SOCR0-20分别占上述两个区域SOCR0_20总增长量的59.0%和75.8%。而武陵山区的黄壤土SOCR0-20增长量占全区总增长量的则81.4%,黄壤土对该区域有机碳库正面影响最火。紫色_土耕层有机碳储量的下降对盆边丘陵山地区的农田有机碳库负面影响极大。其中綦江县紫色土SOCR0-20下降量远高于全县SOCR0-20增长量。
(4)重庆地区不同地形地貌的农田耕层SOC含量高低次序为：平坝缓丘>丘陵下部>山麓及坡腰平缓地>丘陵上部。而不同海拔农田SOC含量高低顺序为600-700m>500-600m>300-400m>400-500m。总体而言,不同环境因素对重庆市农田SOC含量的影响差异较小。而耕层SOC含量与土壤全氮含量相关性极显著,与其他土壤化学性质无相关性。土壤物理性质对SOC含量具有显著影响,不同质地和结构的耕层SOC含量高低次序分别为：重壤>中壤>砂壤>轻壤和微团粒>团粒>团块>粒状>块状。以耕作制度为代表的农田管理措施对SOC含量影响较大。不同耕作制度下耕层SOC含量大小次序为：一年一熟>一年两熟>常年生>一年三熟。通过T检验发现,一年一熟的SOC含量与其他耕作制度的SOC含量均具有极显著差异。
(5)重庆地区的农田表层土壤具有极大的固碳潜力。但是固碳潜力的区域差异和土壤类型差异也较为明显。渝西地区是固碳潜力最大的地理区域。水稻土和紫色土的固碳潜力则远高于其他土壤类型。利用DNDC模型可以极好地模拟重庆地区SOC动态变化趋势,从而为重庆地区SOC演变趋势研究和固碳潜力研究提供了新的研究方法。
若以2006年SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20为基点,保持现有耕地面积不变,重庆地区农田SOCD0-20和SOCR0-20的增加潜力分别为6.69kg/m2和227.23Tg,二者增幅分别达到198%和322%。这表明重庆地区农田耕层具有巨大的固碳潜力。其中,水稻土和紫色土固碳潜力为137.09Tg和68.714Tg,分别占全市总固碳潜力60.3%、30.2%。由此可见耕层增碳潜力主要存在于紫色土和水稻土中。利用紫色水稻土不同耕作制度下的长期定位试验数据,本文结合DNDC模型来探讨长期不同耕作措施下SOC变化趋势。采用RMSE模型检验的方法,对模拟值与实测值之间的拟合相关性进行了分析。从DNDC模拟值与实测值的RMSE值看出：DNDC模拟可以较好地模拟重庆市紫色水稻土的SOC动态变化。模拟结果表明,4种耕作制度配合秸秆还田处理的SOC含量都呈现增长的趋势。通过DNDC模型,本文模拟了北碚区未来100年水稻土耕层SOC固定潜力。该模拟值高于北碚区现实固碳潜力。这可能是由于DNDC模型未考虑水稻土有机碳库上升达到平衡的时间期限和固碳限值的原因。
综上所述,根据重庆地区最新的土壤调查资料和分析结果,本文估算了重庆地区耕层土壤有机碳库储量现状和时空分布,从而证明农田耕层土壤有机碳库在重庆地区土壤有机碳库中占有重要地位。较前人使用第二次土壤普查数据所估算的结果,该研究成果更能反映重庆地区有机碳库现状,从而为正确评价重庆地区农田碳库在全国碳库中的地位提供数据支持。同时探明了不同土壤类型在重庆农田土壤有机碳库中的重要地位,为重庆区域农田管理措施和土壤碳库调控政策提供了参考依据；通过研究估算出重庆地区耕层土壤的固碳潜力,同时对不同土壤类型的农田固碳潜力和土壤固碳潜力的空间分布也进行了估算。上述结果为重庆地区农业固碳的战略制定与技术选择提供了理论参考,并为与重庆地区甚至全国的全球变化相关的国际谈判提供了科学依据；通过将长期定位试验与土壤有机碳动态模型分析相结合,对有机碳动态模型在重庆地区的运用进行了验证,找出适合重庆地区的土壤有机碳模型,从而为研究重庆地区的土壤有机碳变化趋势和固碳潜力提供了新的研究思路与方法。在今后的工作中,可以加强下述研究：重庆地区土壤剖面有机碳密度及储量的研究；重庆地区不同农田土壤固碳技术对固碳潜力的影响研究；为了更好地运用DNDC模型进行模拟,对重庆地区不同类型的农田固碳持续时间和固碳能力进行研究。
Since from the end of the20th century, many scientists more concerned about terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and carbon budget by global change. The storage of soil carbon pool was thrice the storage of biological carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystem, and twice the storage of Atmospheric carbon pool. Therefore, soil organic carbon pool was the focus of global terrestrial carbon cycle research of ecological system, and it was one of the core contents of global change research. Existing research results show the global soil carbon storage about was2500Pg, the storage of global soil organic carbon accounted for about60%of the total global carbon pool. The storage of Chain soil organic carbon pool was80-90Pg, it accounting for5%of global organic carbon pool storage. The storage of chain topsoil organic carbon pool was38-40Pg, accounted for42.2%-47.5%of Chain organic carbon pool storage. Existing data indicate that the total soil organic carbon stock of topsoil of20cm depth and of whole soils of100cm depth amounts to0.27Tg and1.00Tg. But the above research results were based on the second national soil survey results, so the estimation results couldn't reflect the present situation of the soil organic carbon pool. Soil organic carbon pool of farmland was one of the most active and influential carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, and its carbon stock accounted for10%of the global terrestrial carbon storage. With estimation, soil organic carbon reserves of farmland accounted for14.4%-16.2%of the total soil organic carbon storage in China. Soil organic carbon fixation of farmland was important carbon sequestration under the pressure of CO2emission reduction. Illy and mountainous regions of Southwest was located on the river source, and its natural environment was complexity and diversity, the geological history was complex and landform. The biodiversity and soil type were special and rich. But the Southwest regions, especially in Chongqing Area, were lack of research on reserves and potential of soil carbon pool of farmland. With the in-depth study on global carbon cycle of farmland ecosystem and in order to further study on dynamics of soil organic carbon change trend, soil organic carbon dynamics model had been applied widely. In the China Northeast Area and China North Area, dynamic models of organic carbon had been verified, for example DNDC model、Roth-C model、CENTUR model. But in the Southwest Hilly Area, there was lack of application of soil organic carbon dynamics model. The oil organic carbon dynamics models which could be applied to purple soil and paddy soil in Chongqing Area were not known. So it was necessary to strengthen the application of organic carbon dynamics model in Chongqing area.
In conclusion, Chongqing City was taken as the study area in this paper, and the soil utilization map of Chongqing City、soil type map of Chongqing City、the soil testing data of formula fertilization project from2006-2011、the second soil survey data were collected. According to the soil analysis data under different time points, the method of soil taxonomy was used to estimate soil organic carbon storage and analysis the change trend of soil carbon pool in Chongqing Area's farmland. Moreover, the soil genuses were taken based as a statistical unit. Form the soil testing data of formula fertilization project, this paper screened out the highest values of topsoil organic carbon content in the same soil genus. This highest values were regarded as the soil carbon sequestration limits. Compared to the Chongqing farmland soil carbon density and storage in2006, the carbon sequestration potential of farmland topsoil in Chongqing City Statistics was calculated. the DNDC model was verified by the monitoring data and research results of the long-term tests. Through the above work, this paper hoped to be able to clarify the soil organic carbon sequestration status and the evolution pattern of Chongqing farmland, and to predict the soil organic carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing City, to provide theoretical reference for research of soil organic carbon pool evolution mechanism. This paper also expected to provide scientific basis on the establishment and implementation of the regional agricultural sustainable development and grain security strategy, as well as international negotiations which related with China global changes.
The results are as follows.
(1) Nationwide, the SOC density of Chongqing's farmland soil was medium level in surface SOC density. But the differences of SOC density under different soil types were larger. The SOC density of paddy soil was higher than other soil types in Chongqing Area. The SOC density of purple soil was dignificantly lower than other soil types in Chongqing Area. As the most widely distributed and the most SOC storages soils in Chongqing City, the SOC storages of paddy soil and purple soil were accounted for75.55%in Chongqing city. So paddy soil and purple soil were the most important SOC stock of cropland in Chong City, and these two kinds'soils were the main object for implementation measures to improve SOC content of cropland.
SOC density of the cultivated horizon in cropland located in Chongqing City was3.38kg/m2. The order of SOC density of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups were yellow-brown soil (4.25kg/m2)> paddy soil (3.89kg/m2)>calcareous soil (3.88kg/m2)> alluvial soil (3.16kg/m2)> yellow soil (2.68kg/m2)> purple soil (2.44kg/m2). The SOC density of alluvial soil、yellow soil and purple soil were lower than the average lever of Chongqing City. The SOC storage in0-20cm of cropland located in Chongqing City was70.442Tg. The SOC storage in paddy field was37.773Tg, and the SOC storage in dry land was32.669Tg. The SOC storages of paddy field and dry land accounted for53.62%and46.38%respectively. The order of SOC storage of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups are paddy soil (37.773Tg)> purple soil (15.448Tg)> yellow soil (9.2030Tg)>calcareous soil(6.9400Tg)>yellow-brown soil(0.71140Tg)> alluvial soil (0.36660Tg). In the cultivated horizon of Chongqing city, the order of the indexes of SOC abundance in different soil groups are yellow-brown soil(AI0-20=205)> calcareous soil(AI0-20=199)> paddy soil (AI0-20=185)> yellow soil (AI0-20=137)> alluvial soil (AI0-20=107)> purple soil (AI0-20=103). The SOC storage capability of yellow-brown soil was the strongest in0-20layer of soil, secondly for calcareous soil, and purple soil was the weakest. In different soil types, the SOC storage capability was different. As the second laggest distributed soil in Chongqing City, purple soil was the main object for implementation measures to improve SOC content of0-20cm cropland.
(2) The SOC density and SOC storage in different county changed relatively greatly. In different counties, the SOC dendity of same soil type had siginificant difference, and the percentage of SOC storage which was same soil type also was different. Form the geographical perspective, the SOC reserve of Yuxi Region was much larger than the SOC reserve of Yudongbei Region. It showed that the SOC distribution was uneven in Chongqing Area. The importance of soil types in different geographical region's farmland carbom pool was also different.
In different counties of Chongqing city, the maximal value of paddy soil's SOC density of the cultivated horizon in cropland appeared in Chengkou County, the maximal value of purple soil's SOC density appeared in Youyang County, the maximal value of yellow soil's SOC density appeared in Rongchang County, and the maximal values of calcareous soil's and alluvial soil's SOC density respectively appeared in Qijiang County and Xiushan County. The minimum values of different soil groups(paddy soil、purple soil、yellow soil、calcareous soil、alluvial soil)respectively appeared in Yubei District、Yunyang County、Kaixian County、Liangping County、Fuling District. The SOC storage in different county changed relatively greatly, which had the amplitude of4.0810Tg. The SOC storage in0-20cm of cropland located in Youyang County was4.5250Tg, and the SOC storage in Wangsheng District was0.44320Tg. These SOC storages respectively were the maximum and minimum values. The SOC storage of most counties were located in the1-2Tg range, and paddy soil's and purple soil's SOC storage had great proportion in total SOC storage. But In a few counties, yellow soil's and calcareous soil's SOC storage also had great proportion in total SOC storage. The thirty-three counties of Chongqing were divided into five geographical regions from the perspective of geographical area. The order of SOC storage in different geographical area were Yuxi Area> Yudongnan Area> Yudong Area> Yudongbei Area> Yunan Area. The SOC storages in different geographical area respectively accounted for28.58%、21.04%、18.80%、16.35%、15.22%in Chongqing city's total SOC storage. In Yudong Area、Yunan Area and Yuxi Area, the order of SOC storage of the cultivated horizon in different soil groups were similar, which were paddy soil> purple soil>yellow soil>calcareous soil>alluvial soil. But in Yudongbei Area and Yudongnan Area, the order respectively were paddy soil>yellow soil>calcareous soil>purple soil>yellow-brown soil>alluvial soil and yellow soil> paddy soil> calcareous soil> purple soil> alluvial soil>red soil.
(3) in parallel ridge-and-valley area, the basin edge hill area and Wuling mountain area of Chongqing City, the farmland SOC densities of three typical counties showed a rising trend. But the change trends of different soil types were different. The SOC densities of paddy soil and yellow soil had overall upward trends in Chongqing Area. But the SOC density of purple soil had a trend of decline. The change trend of SOC stroage was overall upward in Chongqing City. So in the past thirty years, the farmland topsoil showed a effect of sink enchancement in the carbon cycle in Chongqing City
Since1980, artificial disturbance had complex effect to SOC accumulation in cropland. In three typical counties, the SOC storages of Dianjiang County and Youyang county respectively increased of0.41456Tg and0.67140Tg, the growth rate was26.1%and17.4%respectively. But the SOC storages of Qijiang County rasied0.23149Tg, the rate was9.60%. In paralleled ridge-valley area and basin margin-hilly lands area, the value added of SOC storage in paddy filed had biggest effect on the growth of the county's SOC storage, and SOCR0-20volume growth of paddy soil accounted for59.0%and75.8%in regional total SOCR0-20volume growths. In Wuling Mountainous Area, the soil group was yellow soil. But the value decreased of SOC storage in purple soil had biggest effect on the decrease of basin margin-hilly lands area's SOC storage.
(4)SOC content of cropland was relative to physical geography characteristic, for example physiognomy, climate, soil physicochemical property and so on. The SOC content of0-20cm soil layer rank as Pingba Gentle Hill> The Lower Hill> The Foothills and Slope Waist Gently> The Top Hill. The order of SOC content of the cultivated horizon in different altitude were600-700m>500-600m>300-400m>400-500m. In a word, environmental factors had a minor effect on SOC contents. The correlationof SOC content of topsoil with soil total nitrogen content was significantly, but it hadn't correlation with other soil chemical properties. Soil physical properties greatly effects on SOC content. The SOC content in different soil texture rank as, clay soil textures> loam> sandy loam> light loam. The order of SOC content in different soil structure were microaggregates> aggregates> crumb> granular> block. Cropland management, such as farming system, could significantly affect SOC of the cultivated horizon. In different farming system, the order of SOC content were One-crop> Double-crop> Perennial-crop> Three-crop. The result of T test in four kinds of farming systems showed that farm system of one-crop had the extremely significant difference with other farming systems.
(5) The soil carbon sequestration potential of farmland topsoil was great in Chongqing Area. But the regional differences and the differences of soil types of carbon sequestration potential were obvious. The Yuxi region was the largest geographical region in carbon sequestration potential. The carbon sequestration potential of paddy soil and purple soil were much higher than other soil types. DNDC model could provide an execellent simulation of SOC dynamic change in Chongqing City. So a new method of study on carbon sequestration potential and the SOC evolution trend was offered in Chongqing City.
The SOC density and storage in2006were used for basic point and the present area of arable area was maintained, SOC density potential and SOC storage potential in0-20cm soil layer were6.69kg/m2and227.23Tg, increased by198%and322%. It showed that there was huge potential of SOC sequestration in0-20cm cropland located in Chongqing City. The SOC storage potential of paddy soil and purple soil respectively were68.714Tg and137.09Tg, which accounted for60.3%and30.2%. It showed that the SOC storage potential of cultivated horizon mainly existed in purple soil and paddy soil. In different soil types, the soil genus of gray-grown-purple soil and purple rice soil had the highest potential of SOC sequestration in0-20cm soil layer of Chongqing City. A long-term experiment and DNDC model were conducted to study the effects of different tillage systems on accumulation and mineralization of organic carbon in purple paddy soil. The analog value of DNDC model was same as measured values of different treatments. The RMSE (root mean square error) values between the analog values and measured values were smaller than10%, and the correlativity of all treatments were extremely correlativity in0.01notable level. It indicated that the simulates results of four kinds cultivation system by DNDC model were extremely well. As displayed by the long time stimulant results:if keeping present cultivation system and cultivate pattern, soil organic carbon contents of Beibei District would stably increase during100years. The SOC storage potential of Beibei District was calculated by DNDC model. The analog value was lower than the present SOC sequestration potential. It may be caused by the DNDC model doesn't consider equilibrium time of SOC increased and the limit value of SOC sequestration potential.
In a word, the recent soil survey data and analysis results of Chongqing region were used in this paper, soil organic carbon storage status and space-time distribution of Chongqing City were estimated. The result showed that topsoil organic carbon pool of farmland occupied an important position in the soil organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area.Compared with the previous estimated results which used the data of the second soil survey, this paper could better reflect the status of organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area, and provide data support for correctly evaluate the position of Chongqing City's farmland carbon pool in national carbon pool. At the same time, the paper proved the important status of different soil types on farmland soil organic carbon pool in Chongqing Area. It provided reference basis for the regional farmland management measures and soil carbon regulation policy; the results of this study found that farmland topsoil had a great carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing region. The different soil types of farmland had differences on carbon sequestration potential. This paper also clearly estimated spatial distribution of farmland soil carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing Area. The above results provides theoretical reference for the strategy formulation and technology selection of agriculture carbon sequestration in Chongqing region, and offered scientific basis on the international negotiations which related with global changes; through the combination of long-term located experiment with soil organic carbon dynamics model, this paper tested and verified the dynamic model of soil organic carbon. Through this works, the soil organic carbon dynamic model which suitable for Chongqing Area was found. It supplied a new research idea and method for research changes trend of soil organic carbon and prediction on soil carbon sequestration potential in Chongqing City.In the future works, the following research could be strengthen:
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