机场高填方土石混填地基表征压实度剪切波分析理论研究
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摘要
随着西部大开发与我国民航强国战略的实施，在基础设施建设尤其是西部机场建设中常遇到土石混填的高填方工程，其压实质量关系到地基的强度与稳定性，如何采取有效方法检测其压实质量，已成为土石混填工程的关键问题与国际上公认的技术难题。对于土质高填方地基的施工质量，多以环刀法、灌砂法等测试手段来进行检验与评价。但对于土石混填地基，这些传统的压实度检测方法不仅难以开展，而且往往需要较多的人力和物力，效率低、周期长，难以进行大面积检测。目前对于土石混合材料的压实性能、静力或动力变形性质及影响因素等问题尚缺乏系统的研究。一般的施工控制大多以经验为主或以压实遍数来控制，这导致了这类地基的施工带有很大的盲目性。
土石混合料的工程性质由土和石共同决定，而石料与土相比，可认为是刚体，只有其中土的压实度达到良好状态，才能保证土石混合料的压实质量。基于此，本论文依托国家自然科学基金“高填方土石混填地基压实质量剪切波分析理论研究(60879021)”和中国民航科技基金“高填方土石混填地基强度与稳定性控制技术研究(MHRD07Z11)”，开展土石混合料宏观剪切波速理论和试验研究，提出采用混合料中间隙土压实度评价混合料压实质量的新方法。该方法在土石混合料地基压实度测试领域尚属首创。核心思想为通过理论和试验分析，建立土石混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土表征干密度相关分析模型，依据该模型计算土石混合材料中石料间隙土的压实度，进而实现对土石混合料压实质量的分析。
系统地建立了不同含水率、不同含石量条件下混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土剪切波速关系模型。应用土石混合料宏观剪切波速模型可有效分析石料间隙土的波速值，为混合料间隙土表征压实度评价体系的建立提供了理论依据。该项成果丰富了土石复合材料波速分析理论，这在国内外尚属首次。
提出了表征压实度测试与分析的新理论。将土石混合料中的可能存在的孔隙与其填充细粒土综合为间隙土干密度，并将其定义为表征干密度。使土石混合料压实质量评价的基本概念和物理意义更为清晰。建立了混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土表征干密度相关性计算模型。通过对不同土石比例、石料级配、含水量等条件下，土石混合材料的强度与稳定性达到良好状态时其中细粒土压实状态的试验分析，建立了土石混合料表征压实度的评价标准，丰富了土石混合料的力学分析理论。
通过分析不同细粒土类型、不同含水率对剪切波速的影响机理，建立了细粒土剪切波速与干密度相关模型。系统分析了最佳含水量附近含水量对剪切波速的影响，提出含水率引发的细粒土剪切波速变化主要是含水率变化引发的细粒土剪切模量或剪切刚度变化而发生变化。这一研究成果揭示了细粒土中含水量对剪切波速的影响规律与机理，为提高细粒土压实度剪切波速分析精度提供了依据。
通过对土石混合料泊松比随含水率、含石量、干密度的变化规律研究表明，土石混合料基本压实状态下泊松比分布范围为：砂土混合料，0.301～0.346；粉土混合料，0.281～0.377；粘土混合料，0.336～0.399。在此基础上建立了混合料泊松比随含水率、含石量变化的二元函数模型。该模型揭示了土石混合料这种特殊介质泊松比的变化规律，同时建立了混合料面波与剪切波的相关计算模型。该项成果丰富了剪切波速测试理论，为现场应用面波测试研究土石混填地基的表征压实度提供了科学依据。
本论文在大量理论和试验研究基础上提出的土石混合料表征压实度无损测试方法及建立的土石混合料压实程度剪切波分析理论体系可以有效的解决土石混填工程压实质量控制环节中的技术难题，为提高山区机场跑道安全与耐久性提供技术支持，且在提高测试精度、加快工程进度、节约测试成本等方面也具有较大优势。本技术在机场、铁路、公路等土石高填方工程中的推广应用必将带来重大的经济效益和社会效益。
Along with the development of the west regions and the application of powerful country strategicwith strong civil aviation, the compaction quality became the key factor of holding foundation intensityand stability in high filled engineering with soil and rock mixture in construction of infrastructuralfacilities, specially in western airport construction. How to test the foundation compaction qualityeffectively had become a international technical problem in soil-rock filled engineering. Test means ofcutting ring method, sand replacement method, etc were usually adopted to test and evaluate theconstruction quality of high fill foundation. But it was difficult to test soil-rock foundation in large aerawith these traditional test methods because of furthermore human and material resources, low efficiencyand long period. To soil-rock mixture, there has been deficiency in research on compaction performance,static deformation, dynamic deformation properties and so on at present. The construction quality wasalways controlled by engineering experience or compaction times, which resulted in blindness insoil-rock foundation construction.
The engineering properties of soil-rock mixture were decided by soil and rock. Compared with soil,rock material could be seen as rigid body. The compaction quality of soil-rock mixture would be assuredif compaction degree of soil was good. This thesis was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation (60879021) and Civil Aviation Agency of China Research Fund (MHRD07Z11). Based onwhich, the theoretical analysis and experimental research on macro shear wave velocity of soil-rockmixture were done. New method of evaluating compaction quality of mixture with compaction degree ofgap soil in mixture was proposed for the first time in compaction test of soil-rock foundation. Theanalysis model of correlation between macro shear wave velocity of soil-rock mixture and apparent drydensity of gap soil was built. By which the compaction degree of gap soil in mixture was calculated,then the compaction quality of soil-rock mixture was analyzed.
The model of correlation between macro shear wave velocity of soil-rock mixture and shear wavevelocity of gap soil with different water content and different rock content was built systematically. Thevelocity of gap soil was analyzed effectively by application of macro shear wave velocity of mixture,which provided theoretical evidence for the establishment of evaluation system of apparent gap soilcompaction degree. This research was originated in the world. And the analysis theory of wave velocityof soil-rock mixture was enriched by the study.
The new theory of test and analysis of the apparent compaction degree was proposed. The possible gap in mixture and the compaction state of gap soil were represented by dry density of gap soil. And thedry density of gap soil was defined as apparent dry density. By which, the basic concept and physicalmeaning were described more clearly. The computing model of correlation between macro shear wavevelocity of mixture and apparent dry density of gap soil was built. The evaluation criterion of apparentcompaction degree of mixture was established by experimental analysis of soil compaction state withgood strength and stability of mixture in different rock content, different water content and different rockgradation. By which, the theory of mechanics analysis of mixture was enriched.
By analyzing variation mechanism of shear wave velocity with different soil type and differentwater content, The model of correlation between shear wave velocity of soil and dry density of soil wasbuilt. The influence of water content for shear wave velocity was analyzed around optimum watercontent. The change of shear wave velocity of soil was caused mainly by the change of soil shearmodulus and soil shear rigidity in different water content. The rule and mechanism of water contenteffects on shear wave velocity was revealed, and the evidence for improving the analysis precision ofsoil compaction degree with shear wave velocity was provided.
By studying the change rule of poisson's ratio in mixture with different water content, different rockcontent and defferent dry density, the distribution of poisson's ratio in basic compacted soil-rock mixturewas confirmed. Sandy mixture,0.301-0.346; silt mixture,0.281-0.377; clay mixture,0.336-0.399. Thebinary function model of variation of soil-rock mixture with water content and rock content was built.The change rule of poisson's ratio in mixture was revealed by this model. And the calculation model ofcorrelation between surface wave of mixture and shear wave of mixture was built. The theory of testwith shear wave velocity was enriched, and the scientific proof for studying apparent compaction degreeof soil-rock mixture with site surface wave test was provided.
The technical problems in compacted quality control of soil-rock engineering can be solvedeffectively by the nondestructive test method of apparent mixture compactness and the theoreticalsystem of shear wave velocity analysis for mixture compactness which were proposed by a great numberof theoretical studies and experimental studies. The technical support for safety and durability of airfieldrunway in mountain aera was provided. The new method has great advantages in improving testprecision, quickening engineering schedule, saving test cost and so on. Therefore, it is of great economicand social benefit to popularize and apply this technology in high fill engineering of airport, railway andexpressway.
土石混合料的工程性质由土和石共同决定，而石料与土相比，可认为是刚体，只有其中土的压实度达到良好状态，才能保证土石混合料的压实质量。基于此，本论文依托国家自然科学基金“高填方土石混填地基压实质量剪切波分析理论研究(60879021)”和中国民航科技基金“高填方土石混填地基强度与稳定性控制技术研究(MHRD07Z11)”，开展土石混合料宏观剪切波速理论和试验研究，提出采用混合料中间隙土压实度评价混合料压实质量的新方法。该方法在土石混合料地基压实度测试领域尚属首创。核心思想为通过理论和试验分析，建立土石混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土表征干密度相关分析模型，依据该模型计算土石混合材料中石料间隙土的压实度，进而实现对土石混合料压实质量的分析。
系统地建立了不同含水率、不同含石量条件下混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土剪切波速关系模型。应用土石混合料宏观剪切波速模型可有效分析石料间隙土的波速值，为混合料间隙土表征压实度评价体系的建立提供了理论依据。该项成果丰富了土石复合材料波速分析理论，这在国内外尚属首次。
提出了表征压实度测试与分析的新理论。将土石混合料中的可能存在的孔隙与其填充细粒土综合为间隙土干密度，并将其定义为表征干密度。使土石混合料压实质量评价的基本概念和物理意义更为清晰。建立了混合料宏观剪切波速与间隙土表征干密度相关性计算模型。通过对不同土石比例、石料级配、含水量等条件下，土石混合材料的强度与稳定性达到良好状态时其中细粒土压实状态的试验分析，建立了土石混合料表征压实度的评价标准，丰富了土石混合料的力学分析理论。
通过分析不同细粒土类型、不同含水率对剪切波速的影响机理，建立了细粒土剪切波速与干密度相关模型。系统分析了最佳含水量附近含水量对剪切波速的影响，提出含水率引发的细粒土剪切波速变化主要是含水率变化引发的细粒土剪切模量或剪切刚度变化而发生变化。这一研究成果揭示了细粒土中含水量对剪切波速的影响规律与机理，为提高细粒土压实度剪切波速分析精度提供了依据。
通过对土石混合料泊松比随含水率、含石量、干密度的变化规律研究表明，土石混合料基本压实状态下泊松比分布范围为：砂土混合料，0.301～0.346；粉土混合料，0.281～0.377；粘土混合料，0.336～0.399。在此基础上建立了混合料泊松比随含水率、含石量变化的二元函数模型。该模型揭示了土石混合料这种特殊介质泊松比的变化规律，同时建立了混合料面波与剪切波的相关计算模型。该项成果丰富了剪切波速测试理论，为现场应用面波测试研究土石混填地基的表征压实度提供了科学依据。
本论文在大量理论和试验研究基础上提出的土石混合料表征压实度无损测试方法及建立的土石混合料压实程度剪切波分析理论体系可以有效的解决土石混填工程压实质量控制环节中的技术难题，为提高山区机场跑道安全与耐久性提供技术支持，且在提高测试精度、加快工程进度、节约测试成本等方面也具有较大优势。本技术在机场、铁路、公路等土石高填方工程中的推广应用必将带来重大的经济效益和社会效益。
Along with the development of the west regions and the application of powerful country strategicwith strong civil aviation, the compaction quality became the key factor of holding foundation intensityand stability in high filled engineering with soil and rock mixture in construction of infrastructuralfacilities, specially in western airport construction. How to test the foundation compaction qualityeffectively had become a international technical problem in soil-rock filled engineering. Test means ofcutting ring method, sand replacement method, etc were usually adopted to test and evaluate theconstruction quality of high fill foundation. But it was difficult to test soil-rock foundation in large aerawith these traditional test methods because of furthermore human and material resources, low efficiencyand long period. To soil-rock mixture, there has been deficiency in research on compaction performance,static deformation, dynamic deformation properties and so on at present. The construction quality wasalways controlled by engineering experience or compaction times, which resulted in blindness insoil-rock foundation construction.
The engineering properties of soil-rock mixture were decided by soil and rock. Compared with soil,rock material could be seen as rigid body. The compaction quality of soil-rock mixture would be assuredif compaction degree of soil was good. This thesis was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation (60879021) and Civil Aviation Agency of China Research Fund (MHRD07Z11). Based onwhich, the theoretical analysis and experimental research on macro shear wave velocity of soil-rockmixture were done. New method of evaluating compaction quality of mixture with compaction degree ofgap soil in mixture was proposed for the first time in compaction test of soil-rock foundation. Theanalysis model of correlation between macro shear wave velocity of soil-rock mixture and apparent drydensity of gap soil was built. By which the compaction degree of gap soil in mixture was calculated,then the compaction quality of soil-rock mixture was analyzed.
The model of correlation between macro shear wave velocity of soil-rock mixture and shear wavevelocity of gap soil with different water content and different rock content was built systematically. Thevelocity of gap soil was analyzed effectively by application of macro shear wave velocity of mixture,which provided theoretical evidence for the establishment of evaluation system of apparent gap soilcompaction degree. This research was originated in the world. And the analysis theory of wave velocityof soil-rock mixture was enriched by the study.
The new theory of test and analysis of the apparent compaction degree was proposed. The possible gap in mixture and the compaction state of gap soil were represented by dry density of gap soil. And thedry density of gap soil was defined as apparent dry density. By which, the basic concept and physicalmeaning were described more clearly. The computing model of correlation between macro shear wavevelocity of mixture and apparent dry density of gap soil was built. The evaluation criterion of apparentcompaction degree of mixture was established by experimental analysis of soil compaction state withgood strength and stability of mixture in different rock content, different water content and different rockgradation. By which, the theory of mechanics analysis of mixture was enriched.
By analyzing variation mechanism of shear wave velocity with different soil type and differentwater content, The model of correlation between shear wave velocity of soil and dry density of soil wasbuilt. The influence of water content for shear wave velocity was analyzed around optimum watercontent. The change of shear wave velocity of soil was caused mainly by the change of soil shearmodulus and soil shear rigidity in different water content. The rule and mechanism of water contenteffects on shear wave velocity was revealed, and the evidence for improving the analysis precision ofsoil compaction degree with shear wave velocity was provided.
By studying the change rule of poisson's ratio in mixture with different water content, different rockcontent and defferent dry density, the distribution of poisson's ratio in basic compacted soil-rock mixturewas confirmed. Sandy mixture,0.301-0.346; silt mixture,0.281-0.377; clay mixture,0.336-0.399. Thebinary function model of variation of soil-rock mixture with water content and rock content was built.The change rule of poisson's ratio in mixture was revealed by this model. And the calculation model ofcorrelation between surface wave of mixture and shear wave of mixture was built. The theory of testwith shear wave velocity was enriched, and the scientific proof for studying apparent compaction degreeof soil-rock mixture with site surface wave test was provided.
The technical problems in compacted quality control of soil-rock engineering can be solvedeffectively by the nondestructive test method of apparent mixture compactness and the theoreticalsystem of shear wave velocity analysis for mixture compactness which were proposed by a great numberof theoretical studies and experimental studies. The technical support for safety and durability of airfieldrunway in mountain aera was provided. The new method has great advantages in improving testprecision, quickening engineering schedule, saving test cost and so on. Therefore, it is of great economicand social benefit to popularize and apply this technology in high fill engineering of airport, railway andexpressway.
引文
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