公路填方路基抗震性能研究
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摘要
摘要：全球的板块构造和动力条件决定了我国是一个地震高发的国家,路基是公路最普遍的结构,具有量多面广的特点,一旦遭到震害,其破坏也是普遍性的。出于防灾减灾的需要,本项研究旨在通过对高填方路基结构进行振动台模型试验,深入了解高填方路基结构的地震动力响应变化规律,动力破坏过程以及地震动参数对动力响应的影响,以便为检验数值计算模型的正确性提供验证,并与汶川地震路基震害特征加以对比,进而总结路基结构的震害特征及其抗震薄弱部位,为高填方路基结构的抗震设计提供依据。利用振动台对高填方路基结构进行模型试验在国内尚属首次。
本文首先对路基结构的抗震研究、震害评估现状以及土木结构的振动台模型试验研究现状进行了分析与总结,为路基结构振动台模型试验的顺利进行起到很好的参考作用。同时对汶川地震中路基结构的震害表现形式及震害特征做了归纳总结：震害表明,路基结构在一定的条件下可能发生严重震害,应引起对路基结构抗震减灾的重视,结合汶川地震中路基结构震害特点及原因,分析了路基结构震害的影响因素,据此给出了震后路基结构安全诊断项目及检测结果的评估,根据评估结果,在抢险救灾阶段和恢复重建阶段,对不同安全等级的路基结构提出不同处治建议。
在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对振动台试验的技术难题进行了研究,探讨了振动台模型箱的选取及其边界条件的处理,并通过室内试验对模型土的动力特性进行了试验研究,推导出了一套路基结构大型振动台土石料模型试验相似律,根据试验结果并结合推导的模型路基相似律选定制作路基模型的原料以及相应的配比。根据试验的要求及目的,设计了加速度及位移等动力反应的测定方案,并选择了相应的传感器及数据采集系统；确定了模型的填筑方法及振动台试验的加载方案。
依据上述研究成果完成了有支挡结构路基模型和无支挡结构路基模型的振动台模型试验的准备工作,并顺利实现了振动台模型试验,试验时考虑了输入地震波类型、强度、频率和多向输入的影响。同时借住有限差分程序对实际工况下路基结构的振动台试验进行了模拟对照,从而为论证了数值分析模型的合理性奠定了基础。
最后分别从模型不同部位的峰值加速度放大倍数、最大位移值、挡土结构表面动土压力、破坏特征等方面对路基结构模型的实际振动台试验结果及数值模型结果进行了分析,得出了一些规律性的认识。试验中路基模型表现出了一定的抗震性,同时,路基模型顶部及挡土墙顶部的加速度放大倍数相对较大,位移值也较大,与汶川地震中路基的震害表现相似,可见从优化路基抗震能力的角度,应适当加强路基顶部及挡土墙顶部位置的防护。
ABSTRACT:China is an earthquake-prone country decided by the global plate tectonic and dynamic condition, subgrade is the most common structure of highway, once subjected to the earthquake the damage is universal. The study target of doing subgrade structure model testing by shaking table is to profound understand the law of its dynamic response, the process of dynamic failure, the influence of the ground motion parameters and examine theory analysis result whether or not right. By contrast with the disaster of subgrades in wenchuan earthquake, then sum up the damage characteristics and find the weak points of subgrade structure. It is basic support for subgrade seismic design that on these achievement. It is the first time to take subgrade structure model testing by large scale shaking table in china.
Firstly, This paper analyse and summarize the present situation of shaking table model test as well as the earthquake damage assessment on subgrade, and this play a very good reference for the shaking table model test in this research. At the same time, the paper generalize the damage forms and damage features of subgrade structures according to wenchuan seismic event in which some subgrade structures are destroyed. Earthquake damage indicates that, the subgrade structure under certain conditions may cause serious damage, should cause the attention of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation of subgrade structure. And representative survey study is taken about structure earthquake resistance and shaking table test aiming to supply reference for the test study.
Secondly, the technical problems of shaking table test are studied based on previous research, including the shaking table model box selection, the treatment of boundary conditions and the model soil dynamic characteristics. Depending on a set of similarity law of large-scale shaking takbe model test we deduced and the test results, we choose the model material as well as the corresponding ratio. According to the test requirements and purpose, design the measurement method of the dynamic acceleration and displacement response, select the corresponding sensor and data acquisition system, and determine the model construction method and loading scheme of the shaking table test.
On the basis of above study chievements, the preparations for the subgrade shaking table test model with and without retaining structure are finished, and the modle test is realized smoothly considering the input earthquake wave type, intensity, frequency and multi-direction input. we use the finite difference program to simulate the shaking table test at the same time, so as to prove the rationality of the numerical analysis model.
Finally, based on the shaking table test results and the numerical analysis results, some knowledge of subgrade model dynamic response is achieved which including the acceleration magnification and displacement response and dynamic soil pressure on retaining wall and other aspecets of the analysis. During the test process, the subgrade model showed some earthquake resistance, both the acceleration magnification and displacement response reach the peak on the top of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall, this law is similar to the subgrade seismic damage performance in wenchuan earthquake. So that more emphasis should be given to the top of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall.
本文首先对路基结构的抗震研究、震害评估现状以及土木结构的振动台模型试验研究现状进行了分析与总结,为路基结构振动台模型试验的顺利进行起到很好的参考作用。同时对汶川地震中路基结构的震害表现形式及震害特征做了归纳总结：震害表明,路基结构在一定的条件下可能发生严重震害,应引起对路基结构抗震减灾的重视,结合汶川地震中路基结构震害特点及原因,分析了路基结构震害的影响因素,据此给出了震后路基结构安全诊断项目及检测结果的评估,根据评估结果,在抢险救灾阶段和恢复重建阶段,对不同安全等级的路基结构提出不同处治建议。
在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对振动台试验的技术难题进行了研究,探讨了振动台模型箱的选取及其边界条件的处理,并通过室内试验对模型土的动力特性进行了试验研究,推导出了一套路基结构大型振动台土石料模型试验相似律,根据试验结果并结合推导的模型路基相似律选定制作路基模型的原料以及相应的配比。根据试验的要求及目的,设计了加速度及位移等动力反应的测定方案,并选择了相应的传感器及数据采集系统；确定了模型的填筑方法及振动台试验的加载方案。
依据上述研究成果完成了有支挡结构路基模型和无支挡结构路基模型的振动台模型试验的准备工作,并顺利实现了振动台模型试验,试验时考虑了输入地震波类型、强度、频率和多向输入的影响。同时借住有限差分程序对实际工况下路基结构的振动台试验进行了模拟对照,从而为论证了数值分析模型的合理性奠定了基础。
最后分别从模型不同部位的峰值加速度放大倍数、最大位移值、挡土结构表面动土压力、破坏特征等方面对路基结构模型的实际振动台试验结果及数值模型结果进行了分析,得出了一些规律性的认识。试验中路基模型表现出了一定的抗震性,同时,路基模型顶部及挡土墙顶部的加速度放大倍数相对较大,位移值也较大,与汶川地震中路基的震害表现相似,可见从优化路基抗震能力的角度,应适当加强路基顶部及挡土墙顶部位置的防护。
ABSTRACT:China is an earthquake-prone country decided by the global plate tectonic and dynamic condition, subgrade is the most common structure of highway, once subjected to the earthquake the damage is universal. The study target of doing subgrade structure model testing by shaking table is to profound understand the law of its dynamic response, the process of dynamic failure, the influence of the ground motion parameters and examine theory analysis result whether or not right. By contrast with the disaster of subgrades in wenchuan earthquake, then sum up the damage characteristics and find the weak points of subgrade structure. It is basic support for subgrade seismic design that on these achievement. It is the first time to take subgrade structure model testing by large scale shaking table in china.
Firstly, This paper analyse and summarize the present situation of shaking table model test as well as the earthquake damage assessment on subgrade, and this play a very good reference for the shaking table model test in this research. At the same time, the paper generalize the damage forms and damage features of subgrade structures according to wenchuan seismic event in which some subgrade structures are destroyed. Earthquake damage indicates that, the subgrade structure under certain conditions may cause serious damage, should cause the attention of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation of subgrade structure. And representative survey study is taken about structure earthquake resistance and shaking table test aiming to supply reference for the test study.
Secondly, the technical problems of shaking table test are studied based on previous research, including the shaking table model box selection, the treatment of boundary conditions and the model soil dynamic characteristics. Depending on a set of similarity law of large-scale shaking takbe model test we deduced and the test results, we choose the model material as well as the corresponding ratio. According to the test requirements and purpose, design the measurement method of the dynamic acceleration and displacement response, select the corresponding sensor and data acquisition system, and determine the model construction method and loading scheme of the shaking table test.
On the basis of above study chievements, the preparations for the subgrade shaking table test model with and without retaining structure are finished, and the modle test is realized smoothly considering the input earthquake wave type, intensity, frequency and multi-direction input. we use the finite difference program to simulate the shaking table test at the same time, so as to prove the rationality of the numerical analysis model.
Finally, based on the shaking table test results and the numerical analysis results, some knowledge of subgrade model dynamic response is achieved which including the acceleration magnification and displacement response and dynamic soil pressure on retaining wall and other aspecets of the analysis. During the test process, the subgrade model showed some earthquake resistance, both the acceleration magnification and displacement response reach the peak on the top of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall, this law is similar to the subgrade seismic damage performance in wenchuan earthquake. So that more emphasis should be given to the top of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall.
引文
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