水热作用下寒区氯盐渍土力学行为与路基稳定性研究
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摘要
摘要：我国盐渍土分布广泛,其中在西部新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、陕西和内蒙古,是我国盐渍土分布最为广泛的地域。同时我国大部分地区处于温带,季节性冻结土壤同样分布广泛,约占全国总面积的3/4。盐渍土与季节性冻土分布相重合的地区,路基填料暴露于自然环境下,在天然降温和升温反复作用下,路基会出现盐胀,冻胀、沉陷、强度变化等病害和力学特性。病害会严重影响道路车辆的运行安全。随着西部地区高速路的广泛兴建,对路基稳定性、路面平顺性以及路基填料受降温和升温等因素的影响等问题的要求不断提高。
结合国内首条修筑在盐渍土地区的高等级公路察尔汗—格尔木线为实例,选用西北地区青海省察尔汗盐湖地区广泛分布的含盐粉质粘土,通过现场沿线调查、室外和室内试验等手段,研究了现场气温和各地层温度沿时程的变化规律,地温昼夜温差变化幅值的规律,月平均地温传递规律,现场水盐迁移规律；根据地温资料,针对寒区地表附近温度变化最为剧烈的位置,进行在不同含水率和温度变化下,升降温循环幅值与次数对软弱盐渍土路基工程力学特性的影响试验；分析适合于软弱盐渍土地基的处理方法。主要研究成果包括以下几个方面：
(1)总结出察格沿线盐渍土在含盐量、含盐类型、主要离子含量、酸碱度等方面的分布情况,为路基填料的选择以及室内试验土样的选择提供依据。
(2)通过现场试验测得的主要气象参数,确定气温和各地层温度沿时程的变化规律,确定出地温的上下限值,总结现场地下水盐迁移规律。
(3)通过现场4种不同方式的地基处理方法,对其进行试验分析和评价加固效果,重点总结出砾石桩和强夯置换方法加固盐渍土地基的工作机理和加固指标,确定出适应于盐渍土地基的加固方法。
(4)通过在环境温度下的直剪试验等,确定在不同温度条件下、不同含水量条件下以及升降温循环次数下不同含盐量的盐渍土抗剪强度及变形规律。
(5)对盐渍土路基填料进行变形试验,确定土样降温过程在不同载荷条件下路基填料的变形；不同载荷条件下路基填料水盐迁移的规律,以及盐分和主要离子含量的分布规律,与现场的水盐分布进行对比分析。
图95幅,表31个,参考文献153篇。
ABSTRACT:Saline soil is widely distributed in China and Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia which lie in the northwest of china are rich in saline soil. At the same time, most of China is located in temperate zone, so seasonally frozen ground accounts for three quarters of the total area of China. When the distribution of saline soil and seasonally frozen ground coincide with each other, subgrade filler exposed to the natural environment, the role of the repeatedly natural cycle of warming and cooling, subgrade will appear the salt expansion, frost heave, subsidence, strength change saline soil diseases and new mechanical characteristics. The disease can seriously affect the safe operation of road vehicles. With the wide range of highway construction in the western region, the issues on subgrade stability, pavement comfort, as well as subgrade filler was affected by factors such as cooling and heating, requirements continue to increase.
According to the characteristics of saline soil area road construction, combined with China's first high-grade highway construction Chaerhan-Golmud line in saline soil area as an example. It selected northwest region, Qinghai Province Chaerhan widely distributed in salt lake containing salt silty clay, through the field along the route survey, outdoor and indoor experiment and other means. It studied field temperature and geotemperature time-history variation, temperature difference between day and night geotemperature variations, transfer curves of monthly average geothermal, the water and salt migration regularity in field; based on geotemperature, the most dramatic temperature changes in the surface, the the weak saline soil subgrade engineering mechanical properties of the impact of experiment was done under different moisture and temperature changes, heating and cooling cycle amplitude and frequency; analysis suitable for the treatment method of weak saline soil. The main research results include the following aspects:
(1) Summed Chaerhan-Golmud line saline soil along the distribution of the salt content, salt content type, major ion content, pH, etc., which provide the basis for the subgrade filler selection and indoor test soil samples selection.
(2) The main meteorological parameters measured through field tests, determined the field temperature and geotemperature time-history variation, the upper and lower limits of the low temperature, etc., summarized the water and salt migration regularity in field.
(3) Four different ways the foundation treatment methods through on-site test, analyze and evaluate its reinforcement effect. Focus summarized the gravel pile and dynamic replacement methods to reinforce the saline soil foundation on the working mechanism and reinforcement indicators. Analysis suitable for the treatment method of weak saline soil.
(4) Determined saline soil shear strength and deformation law through direct shear tests under different temperature and different salt content conditions; shear strength and deformation under different moisture; shear strength and deformation law under heating and cooling cycle.
(5) Saline soil subgrade filler deformation test, determined the soil samples subgrade filler deformation in the cooling process under different load conditions; subgrade filler water and salt migration law under different load conditions, salt content and ion content distribution law, comparative analysis with field water and salt distribution law.
结合国内首条修筑在盐渍土地区的高等级公路察尔汗—格尔木线为实例,选用西北地区青海省察尔汗盐湖地区广泛分布的含盐粉质粘土,通过现场沿线调查、室外和室内试验等手段,研究了现场气温和各地层温度沿时程的变化规律,地温昼夜温差变化幅值的规律,月平均地温传递规律,现场水盐迁移规律；根据地温资料,针对寒区地表附近温度变化最为剧烈的位置,进行在不同含水率和温度变化下,升降温循环幅值与次数对软弱盐渍土路基工程力学特性的影响试验；分析适合于软弱盐渍土地基的处理方法。主要研究成果包括以下几个方面：
(1)总结出察格沿线盐渍土在含盐量、含盐类型、主要离子含量、酸碱度等方面的分布情况,为路基填料的选择以及室内试验土样的选择提供依据。
(2)通过现场试验测得的主要气象参数,确定气温和各地层温度沿时程的变化规律,确定出地温的上下限值,总结现场地下水盐迁移规律。
(3)通过现场4种不同方式的地基处理方法,对其进行试验分析和评价加固效果,重点总结出砾石桩和强夯置换方法加固盐渍土地基的工作机理和加固指标,确定出适应于盐渍土地基的加固方法。
(4)通过在环境温度下的直剪试验等,确定在不同温度条件下、不同含水量条件下以及升降温循环次数下不同含盐量的盐渍土抗剪强度及变形规律。
(5)对盐渍土路基填料进行变形试验,确定土样降温过程在不同载荷条件下路基填料的变形；不同载荷条件下路基填料水盐迁移的规律,以及盐分和主要离子含量的分布规律,与现场的水盐分布进行对比分析。
图95幅,表31个,参考文献153篇。
ABSTRACT:Saline soil is widely distributed in China and Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia which lie in the northwest of china are rich in saline soil. At the same time, most of China is located in temperate zone, so seasonally frozen ground accounts for three quarters of the total area of China. When the distribution of saline soil and seasonally frozen ground coincide with each other, subgrade filler exposed to the natural environment, the role of the repeatedly natural cycle of warming and cooling, subgrade will appear the salt expansion, frost heave, subsidence, strength change saline soil diseases and new mechanical characteristics. The disease can seriously affect the safe operation of road vehicles. With the wide range of highway construction in the western region, the issues on subgrade stability, pavement comfort, as well as subgrade filler was affected by factors such as cooling and heating, requirements continue to increase.
According to the characteristics of saline soil area road construction, combined with China's first high-grade highway construction Chaerhan-Golmud line in saline soil area as an example. It selected northwest region, Qinghai Province Chaerhan widely distributed in salt lake containing salt silty clay, through the field along the route survey, outdoor and indoor experiment and other means. It studied field temperature and geotemperature time-history variation, temperature difference between day and night geotemperature variations, transfer curves of monthly average geothermal, the water and salt migration regularity in field; based on geotemperature, the most dramatic temperature changes in the surface, the the weak saline soil subgrade engineering mechanical properties of the impact of experiment was done under different moisture and temperature changes, heating and cooling cycle amplitude and frequency; analysis suitable for the treatment method of weak saline soil. The main research results include the following aspects:
(1) Summed Chaerhan-Golmud line saline soil along the distribution of the salt content, salt content type, major ion content, pH, etc., which provide the basis for the subgrade filler selection and indoor test soil samples selection.
(2) The main meteorological parameters measured through field tests, determined the field temperature and geotemperature time-history variation, the upper and lower limits of the low temperature, etc., summarized the water and salt migration regularity in field.
(3) Four different ways the foundation treatment methods through on-site test, analyze and evaluate its reinforcement effect. Focus summarized the gravel pile and dynamic replacement methods to reinforce the saline soil foundation on the working mechanism and reinforcement indicators. Analysis suitable for the treatment method of weak saline soil.
(4) Determined saline soil shear strength and deformation law through direct shear tests under different temperature and different salt content conditions; shear strength and deformation under different moisture; shear strength and deformation law under heating and cooling cycle.
(5) Saline soil subgrade filler deformation test, determined the soil samples subgrade filler deformation in the cooling process under different load conditions; subgrade filler water and salt migration law under different load conditions, salt content and ion content distribution law, comparative analysis with field water and salt distribution law.
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