城乡一体化交通网络配置研究
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摘要
总观古今中外的城市发展历程,交通技术的进步是支撑与推动城市空间布局的扩展的动力。近年来城市规模发展迅速,大城市病日益严重,城乡之间差距增大,城乡二元结构的矛盾开始显现,资源环境对城市发展的制约性增强,当前的城市扩张模式难以可持续发展。乡村地区的发展受交通条件制约,资本、信息、技术等流通不便,各项社会事业进步迟缓制约了城市化的进程。城乡一体化发展逐步成为后城市化时代的区域发展趋势和方向,城乡区域之间的互动融合,形成一体化的发展模式,有利于逐步缩小城乡差别,改变城乡二元结构的对立,促进城乡社会事业的进步和经济协同发展,使区域的社会经济保持可持续发展。城乡一体化的交通网络配置有利于提高生产要素在城乡之间的流动效率,促进城乡一体化的发展。
论文界定了城乡一体化的空间范围是在城市周边受城市社会经济发展强辐射作用的空间范围,该区域的发展极具区位优势,易于产生协同发展效应；城乡一体化交通网络是在城乡一体化范围内通过合理规划形成的一体化运行的交通网络,主要包括基础设施网络和运输网络；总结了城乡交通网络拓展与城市形态、产业布局的互动关系。
城乡一体化发展和交通网络的规模存在协调互动发展关系,论文运用系统动力学模型对城乡交通网络规模和城乡一体化水平的发展进行仿真,提出了城乡一体化发展水平与之适应的交通网络最佳规模确定方法。根据城乡交通网络配置规模与城乡一体化区域的建设规模的长度一半径分形分维数,建立了城乡一体化区域的交通网络配置规模与城乡一体化发展水平的协调性评价方法。
城乡一体化区域在城市核心区外围,范围比城市大,交通需求变化快,基于传统的出行调查法进行交通需求分析难度大,可靠性低。论文提出了基于城乡区域发展的交通场分析方法,利用未来的区域发展,结合经济产出的交通需求强度,计算城乡一体化区域内交通分析区的交通需求,采用系统平衡和不完全信息条件下的交通分布模型实现交通场与OD交通流的转换,为城乡一体化的交通网络配置和设计提供依据。
城乡一体化区域的交通网络结构包括交通方式结构和交通网络形态结构。论文以城乡交通方式的费用、时耗和舒适性为指标,建立了城乡交通方式效用函数和交通方式配置的Logit模型。网络配置的更新包括供应增加型和技术更新型,供应增加型配置通过扩建道路来增加容量,技术更新型通过载运技术的提升来增加容量,论文以城乡路网通行费用最小为目标,建立了网络更新的优化模型。
论文以交通分析区节点交通场强大小进行层次聚类,识别节点的横向连通层次,并以节点夹角余弦聚类法,识别射线通道方向,采用节点间交通场强分布量作为蚁群算法的信息素,以目标方向余角正弦值作为搜索修正系数,改进蚁群搜索算法,最终获取节点间的交通需求强度分布,并作为线路等级确定的依据；探讨了城乡道路网络一体化的配置的技术标准,以投资和网络覆盖为约束条件,建立了城乡道路网络的离散配置模型；道路网络配置规模与城乡一体化发展水平之间的关系可以分为超前型、适度型和制约型,建立了网络配置规模的协调性分析指标。
论文在分析城乡公交线路的等级及效用的基础上,提出了基于节点场强聚类和蚁群搜索算法的城乡公交线网布设方法,并举例说明了线网布设流程,以城乡公交投资和城乡居民公交出行时间最小为目标,构建了城乡公交线网的优化模型。
Overview of the city development process from ancient to recent, the expansion of urban area is supported and promoted by the advances in transport technology. In recent years, the urban scale has developed rapidly, the big city disease has become increasingly serious, and the gap between urban and rural has been enlarged. So the contradiction of urban-rural dual structure is starting to show, the resources and environment constraints the urban development, and the present urban sprawl model is difficult to develop sustainablely. The development of rural areas has been affected by traffic conditions, the circulation of capital, information, technology are inconvenience, overall, the slow progress of various social undertakings has restricted the process of urbanization. In the era of post-urbanization, urban-rural integration will become the trends of the regional developments, the urban-rural interactive integration can form the model of integrated development which is conducive to narrow the gap between the urban and rural, eliminates the inverse of the urban-rural dual structure, stimulates the progress of urban-rural social undertakings and the economic co-development, and the regional socio-economic maintains a sustainable development. The urban-rural integration transport network allocation has a great impact on improving the flow efficiency of production factors between urban and rural areas, promoting the development of urban-rural.
Firstly, this paper defined the spatial range of urban-rural integration which is subject to strong radiation effects of urban economic development around the city. This region has location advantages to produce the effects of co-development. Secondly, it proposed that the urban-rural integration transport network is a integration-run transport network built by the rational planning in the region, which mainly includes infrastructure network and transport network. At last, the paper summarized the relations between the expansion of urban-rural transportation network and the urban industrial layout.
It exists coordination and interaction relationship between the development of urban-rural integration and the scale of transport networks. The paper simulated the scale of urban-rural transportation network and the level of urbanization by using the system dynamics model, and obtained the transport network scale with the best adaptation to the level of development of urban-rural integration, which can be the basis of the configuration of urban-rural transportation network. According to the length-radius fractal dimension of the scale of urban-rural transportation network configuration and the construction of urban-rural integration region, established the configuration scale of urban-rural integrated regional transportation network and the coordination evaluation methods of development level of urban-rural integration.
Being in the periphery of the urban core area, the scope of the urban-rural integration area is larger than urban, the traffic demand changes rapidly, traffic demand analysis which is based on the traditional travel survey is difficult and its reliability is low. This paper proposed the traffic field analysis method to calculate the traffic demand of the traffic analysis zones in urban-rural integration area combining with the traffic demand intensity of economic output and the regional future development, realized the conversion between the traffic field and the OD traffic flow by using the system balance and the traffic distribution model with incomplete information, and provided the essential data for the configuration and designing of urban-rural transportation network.
The transportation network structure of urban-rural integration includes the structure of transportation modes and the transportation network morphology. This paper established the utility function of urban-rural transportation modes and the Logit mode of traffic mode configuration with the indicators of the costs, time consumption and comfort of urban-rural transportation modes. The updating of network configuration refers to the increasing supply and technology-newer, the increasing supply refers to expansion the road, the technology-newer refers to upgrading the technologies or add new traffic mode between OD links, then established the optimization model of network update in the purpose of urban-rural road network minimum costs.
The paper also conducted a hierarchical clustering by the traffic demand strength of traffic analysis node, identified the level of the lateral connectivity of the nodes and the ray channel direction by the method of the angle clustering of node cosine, modified the ant colony search algorithm, and ultimately obtained the intensity distribution of the traffic demand between nodes by using the traffic strength distribution between nodes as the pheromone of the ant colony algorithm and taking the sine of the complementary angle in the target direction as the search correction factor, improved ant colony search algorithm, its results can be the basis for line rating determined. The paper discussed the technical standards of the urban-rural road integration, established a discrete configuration model of the urban-rural road network under the constraints of investment and network coverage. The relationship between road network configuration scale and the level of urban-rural integration development can be divided into advanced type, moderate type and restricting type, the investment benefit cost ratio and the reasonable investment ratio should be a effectiveness evaluation method to measure the configuration scale.
On the basis of analyzing the grade and effectiveness of the bus lines in urban-rural areas, the paper proposed the layout method of urban-rural public bus line network based on ant colony algorithm and clustering method, and established the optimization model of urban-rural public bus line network with the goal of the minimum investment of urban-rural public transport and the minimum bus travel time of urban-rural residents.
论文界定了城乡一体化的空间范围是在城市周边受城市社会经济发展强辐射作用的空间范围,该区域的发展极具区位优势,易于产生协同发展效应；城乡一体化交通网络是在城乡一体化范围内通过合理规划形成的一体化运行的交通网络,主要包括基础设施网络和运输网络；总结了城乡交通网络拓展与城市形态、产业布局的互动关系。
城乡一体化发展和交通网络的规模存在协调互动发展关系,论文运用系统动力学模型对城乡交通网络规模和城乡一体化水平的发展进行仿真,提出了城乡一体化发展水平与之适应的交通网络最佳规模确定方法。根据城乡交通网络配置规模与城乡一体化区域的建设规模的长度一半径分形分维数,建立了城乡一体化区域的交通网络配置规模与城乡一体化发展水平的协调性评价方法。
城乡一体化区域在城市核心区外围,范围比城市大,交通需求变化快,基于传统的出行调查法进行交通需求分析难度大,可靠性低。论文提出了基于城乡区域发展的交通场分析方法,利用未来的区域发展,结合经济产出的交通需求强度,计算城乡一体化区域内交通分析区的交通需求,采用系统平衡和不完全信息条件下的交通分布模型实现交通场与OD交通流的转换,为城乡一体化的交通网络配置和设计提供依据。
城乡一体化区域的交通网络结构包括交通方式结构和交通网络形态结构。论文以城乡交通方式的费用、时耗和舒适性为指标,建立了城乡交通方式效用函数和交通方式配置的Logit模型。网络配置的更新包括供应增加型和技术更新型,供应增加型配置通过扩建道路来增加容量,技术更新型通过载运技术的提升来增加容量,论文以城乡路网通行费用最小为目标,建立了网络更新的优化模型。
论文以交通分析区节点交通场强大小进行层次聚类,识别节点的横向连通层次,并以节点夹角余弦聚类法,识别射线通道方向,采用节点间交通场强分布量作为蚁群算法的信息素,以目标方向余角正弦值作为搜索修正系数,改进蚁群搜索算法,最终获取节点间的交通需求强度分布,并作为线路等级确定的依据；探讨了城乡道路网络一体化的配置的技术标准,以投资和网络覆盖为约束条件,建立了城乡道路网络的离散配置模型；道路网络配置规模与城乡一体化发展水平之间的关系可以分为超前型、适度型和制约型,建立了网络配置规模的协调性分析指标。
论文在分析城乡公交线路的等级及效用的基础上,提出了基于节点场强聚类和蚁群搜索算法的城乡公交线网布设方法,并举例说明了线网布设流程,以城乡公交投资和城乡居民公交出行时间最小为目标,构建了城乡公交线网的优化模型。
Overview of the city development process from ancient to recent, the expansion of urban area is supported and promoted by the advances in transport technology. In recent years, the urban scale has developed rapidly, the big city disease has become increasingly serious, and the gap between urban and rural has been enlarged. So the contradiction of urban-rural dual structure is starting to show, the resources and environment constraints the urban development, and the present urban sprawl model is difficult to develop sustainablely. The development of rural areas has been affected by traffic conditions, the circulation of capital, information, technology are inconvenience, overall, the slow progress of various social undertakings has restricted the process of urbanization. In the era of post-urbanization, urban-rural integration will become the trends of the regional developments, the urban-rural interactive integration can form the model of integrated development which is conducive to narrow the gap between the urban and rural, eliminates the inverse of the urban-rural dual structure, stimulates the progress of urban-rural social undertakings and the economic co-development, and the regional socio-economic maintains a sustainable development. The urban-rural integration transport network allocation has a great impact on improving the flow efficiency of production factors between urban and rural areas, promoting the development of urban-rural.
Firstly, this paper defined the spatial range of urban-rural integration which is subject to strong radiation effects of urban economic development around the city. This region has location advantages to produce the effects of co-development. Secondly, it proposed that the urban-rural integration transport network is a integration-run transport network built by the rational planning in the region, which mainly includes infrastructure network and transport network. At last, the paper summarized the relations between the expansion of urban-rural transportation network and the urban industrial layout.
It exists coordination and interaction relationship between the development of urban-rural integration and the scale of transport networks. The paper simulated the scale of urban-rural transportation network and the level of urbanization by using the system dynamics model, and obtained the transport network scale with the best adaptation to the level of development of urban-rural integration, which can be the basis of the configuration of urban-rural transportation network. According to the length-radius fractal dimension of the scale of urban-rural transportation network configuration and the construction of urban-rural integration region, established the configuration scale of urban-rural integrated regional transportation network and the coordination evaluation methods of development level of urban-rural integration.
Being in the periphery of the urban core area, the scope of the urban-rural integration area is larger than urban, the traffic demand changes rapidly, traffic demand analysis which is based on the traditional travel survey is difficult and its reliability is low. This paper proposed the traffic field analysis method to calculate the traffic demand of the traffic analysis zones in urban-rural integration area combining with the traffic demand intensity of economic output and the regional future development, realized the conversion between the traffic field and the OD traffic flow by using the system balance and the traffic distribution model with incomplete information, and provided the essential data for the configuration and designing of urban-rural transportation network.
The transportation network structure of urban-rural integration includes the structure of transportation modes and the transportation network morphology. This paper established the utility function of urban-rural transportation modes and the Logit mode of traffic mode configuration with the indicators of the costs, time consumption and comfort of urban-rural transportation modes. The updating of network configuration refers to the increasing supply and technology-newer, the increasing supply refers to expansion the road, the technology-newer refers to upgrading the technologies or add new traffic mode between OD links, then established the optimization model of network update in the purpose of urban-rural road network minimum costs.
The paper also conducted a hierarchical clustering by the traffic demand strength of traffic analysis node, identified the level of the lateral connectivity of the nodes and the ray channel direction by the method of the angle clustering of node cosine, modified the ant colony search algorithm, and ultimately obtained the intensity distribution of the traffic demand between nodes by using the traffic strength distribution between nodes as the pheromone of the ant colony algorithm and taking the sine of the complementary angle in the target direction as the search correction factor, improved ant colony search algorithm, its results can be the basis for line rating determined. The paper discussed the technical standards of the urban-rural road integration, established a discrete configuration model of the urban-rural road network under the constraints of investment and network coverage. The relationship between road network configuration scale and the level of urban-rural integration development can be divided into advanced type, moderate type and restricting type, the investment benefit cost ratio and the reasonable investment ratio should be a effectiveness evaluation method to measure the configuration scale.
On the basis of analyzing the grade and effectiveness of the bus lines in urban-rural areas, the paper proposed the layout method of urban-rural public bus line network based on ant colony algorithm and clustering method, and established the optimization model of urban-rural public bus line network with the goal of the minimum investment of urban-rural public transport and the minimum bus travel time of urban-rural residents.
引文
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