宣威肺癌高发区室内PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)理化特征研究
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摘要
本文通过环境科学、矿物岩石学、毒理学和单颗粒分析方法，研究了宣威地区六个代表乡镇和对照点六盘水幸福村室内PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的理化特征与毒性。系统分析宣威地区室内颗粒物的质量浓度特征，发现颗粒物质量浓度差别较大；根据扫描电镜将宣威室内颗粒物分为球形颗粒、烟尘、矿物和超细颗粒，肺癌高发区虎头村室内颗粒以球形颗粒和矿物为主；利用透射电镜及能谱技术研究了单颗粒的微观形貌、元素组成和混合状态，并将单颗粒分为烟尘集合体、飞灰、矿物、有机颗粒物、二次粒子、金属颗粒和二氧化硅等七种类型，虎头村室内以有机物、复杂二次颗粒和二氧化硅为主；颗粒物的元素特征分析表明微量元素组成差别较大；进一步论述了颗粒物的质粒DNA损伤与颗粒物的理化特征的关系，显示宣威地区室内排放颗粒物的氧化性损伤主要和气象要素、颗粒物的组分、颗粒物类型等存在一定关系。
Physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of indoor PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in sixvillages of Xuanwei and Xingfu village of Liupanshui district (control) were studiedby environmental science, mineralogy, toxicology and individual particle method.Mass concentrations of indoor particles were analysed and the difference of those wasgreater. According to SEM, the particles were classified into spherical particles, sootaggregate, mineral particles, biomass particles and superfine particles, and the numberpercentage of indoor spherical particles and mineral are the highest in Hutou village.Morphologies and chemical compositions and mixing states were determined by TEMwith EDS Based on the different elemental compositions and morphologies of theindividual particles, we classified them into the following seven groups: sootaggregates, fly ash, minerals, organic matters, secondary particles, metal particles andsilica. The percentages of organic particles, secondary particles and silica were thehighest in Hutou village. Trace elements of the particles were analysed and thedifference of those was greater. The relationship between plasmid DNA damage ofparticulate matter and physicochemical characteristics were elaboration, the resultsshow that the plasmid DNA damage in Xuanwei are related with meteorologicalcondition, particle compositon, and particle type etc.
Physicochemical characteristics and toxicity of indoor PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in sixvillages of Xuanwei and Xingfu village of Liupanshui district (control) were studiedby environmental science, mineralogy, toxicology and individual particle method.Mass concentrations of indoor particles were analysed and the difference of those wasgreater. According to SEM, the particles were classified into spherical particles, sootaggregate, mineral particles, biomass particles and superfine particles, and the numberpercentage of indoor spherical particles and mineral are the highest in Hutou village.Morphologies and chemical compositions and mixing states were determined by TEMwith EDS Based on the different elemental compositions and morphologies of theindividual particles, we classified them into the following seven groups: sootaggregates, fly ash, minerals, organic matters, secondary particles, metal particles andsilica. The percentages of organic particles, secondary particles and silica were thehighest in Hutou village. Trace elements of the particles were analysed and thedifference of those was greater. The relationship between plasmid DNA damage ofparticulate matter and physicochemical characteristics were elaboration, the resultsshow that the plasmid DNA damage in Xuanwei are related with meteorologicalcondition, particle compositon, and particle type etc.
引文
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