立井硬岩深孔锥形掏槽爆破技术研究
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摘要
针对立井深孔掏槽爆破在坚硬岩石中的爆破效果不理想，无法满足生产需要，以及爆破作用下自由面岩石抛掷速度过大损坏吊盘设备等问题，本文采用理论分析、数值模拟与实验研究等方法对深孔掏槽爆破技术进行了系统的剖析和研究。论文首先构建深孔锥形掏槽简化力学模型，研究槽腔成形机理及爆破效果影响因素；分析研究了RHT材料本构模型，推演了岩石RHT本构主要参数的确定方法，在闪长岩样本基础力学性能试验基础上，确定了闪长岩RHT材料本构参数，并以实验结果与国内外已发表的成果进行验证；采用AUTODYN软件构建不同形式的5m深炮孔的立井井筒掏槽爆破等比例模型，数值计算后获得了不同孔数、不同填塞长度以及不同倾斜角度下的深孔锥形掏槽槽腔成形及自由面岩石抛掷速度规律，同时进行了抛掷速度测试实验，实验结果验证了数值模拟结果的准确性；文章最后通过大量现场试验，设计了最优的深孔掏槽爆破方案及参数，不仅提高了爆破效果，还节省成本、提高井筒掘进速度。
In vertical shaft construction, long-hole pyramid cut blasting technology canreduce the burden area at the bottom of the hole, which can effectively restrain theholder made of rock, so as to strengthen the break and cast of rock, enhance formingthe cut cavity. This thesis mainly studies on the problem about the speed of free facerock when using the pyramid cut blasting technology in the vertical shaft construction,which impacts on the hanging scaffold device. This thesis also has a systematicanalysis of effect factors of long-hole pyramid cut blasting technology. This thesismainly researches the RHT material constitutive model, and dedue the determinationmethod of rock RHT material constitutive model. With the basic mechanical propertytests of diorite, this thesis gains the parameters of rock RHT material constitutivemodel. Using business software AUTODYN to build the half equal proportion modelof5m depth hole cut blasting, through the numerical calculation, This thesis gains thelaw of cut cavity forming and cut speed of free face rock with different number ofholes, tamping and dip angle. Finally This thesis has done a lot of tests, not onlyverifying the result of simulation，but also determining the best vertical shaft blastingproject and parameters.
In vertical shaft construction, long-hole pyramid cut blasting technology canreduce the burden area at the bottom of the hole, which can effectively restrain theholder made of rock, so as to strengthen the break and cast of rock, enhance formingthe cut cavity. This thesis mainly studies on the problem about the speed of free facerock when using the pyramid cut blasting technology in the vertical shaft construction,which impacts on the hanging scaffold device. This thesis also has a systematicanalysis of effect factors of long-hole pyramid cut blasting technology. This thesismainly researches the RHT material constitutive model, and dedue the determinationmethod of rock RHT material constitutive model. With the basic mechanical propertytests of diorite, this thesis gains the parameters of rock RHT material constitutivemodel. Using business software AUTODYN to build the half equal proportion modelof5m depth hole cut blasting, through the numerical calculation, This thesis gains thelaw of cut cavity forming and cut speed of free face rock with different number ofholes, tamping and dip angle. Finally This thesis has done a lot of tests, not onlyverifying the result of simulation，but also determining the best vertical shaft blastingproject and parameters.
引文
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7.Taran E P,Shapiro V Ya.Action of the explosion a blast hole charge in the design of a direct cutwith a compensation hole[J].Journal of Mining Science,1982,18(2):119-122.
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9.杨善元.直眼掏槽的理论研究与国外实例介绍.深孔光面爆破技术。1982.9.
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11.刘殿书，杨善元.直眼掏槽中空孔作用的试验研究.中国矿业大学北研部.中矿矿业大学出版社，1988.
12.单仁亮，马军平等.分层分段直眼直眼掏槽在石灰岩井筒爆破中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22940:636-640.
13.张奇.直眼掏槽槽内破碎与抛掷动力学模型及实验研究.中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士论文.1997.
14.张奇，杨永琦，王树仁等.槽腔顶部爆破漏斗形成及作用[J].工程爆破，2000,6（1）：21-24.
15.张奇，杨永琦，金乾坤等.掏槽爆破中空孔效应的理论与试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发，2007,27（5）：75-77.
16.宗琦，杨永琦.炮孔装药分段爆破的模型研究[J].淮南矿业学院学报，1993,13（2）：32-39.
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18.林从谋，陈士海.深孔直眼掏槽爆破排渣过程研究[J].爆炸与冲击，1997,17（1）：68-74.
19.喻长智，古德生.柱状药包爆炸冲击波作用区域的理论计算[J].矿业工程，2000,20（4）：33-34.
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