混凝土动态计算本构新模型
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摘要
混凝土作为一种建筑材料在国防和土木工程中得到了广泛的应用,研究混凝土结构在弹体冲击或炸药爆炸作用下的响应和破坏问题对武器和防护结构的设计具有重要意义。本文的主要工作是建立混凝土动态计算本构新模型,并将其应用于混凝土靶板在弹丸高速撞击下的侵彻问题和炸药爆炸载荷作用下的响应问题中,成功预测了弹体的侵彻深度、残余速度、减加速度以及混凝土靶板中裂纹的扩展和演化过程。本文主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
在现有混凝土本构模型和一些最新实验数据的基础上,发展混凝土动态计算本构新模型。该模型能反映混凝土材料的基本特性如压力相关性,应变率相关性,应变软化,加载路径相关性,多孔性以及高低围压下的损伤等。针对混凝土材料的拉伸损伤,本文引入拉伸主应变损伤法则来描述混凝土材料的拉伸开裂行为。对于混凝土材料的动态强度,本文在分析了现有混凝土压缩和拉伸动态材料实验数据后,在两个假设的基础上,提出了新的混凝土动态增强因子(DIF)的经验公式。此模型的两个假设是：惯性效应只对混凝土材料的动态压缩强度有影响,对动态拉伸强度没有影响；在相同的应变率条件下,混凝土材料的动态压缩强度增量与动态拉伸强度增量相同。我们将采用单单元模型的数值计算来验证本构模型的正确性。
对卵形弹高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶板进行数值模拟。本文对卵形弹贯穿48MPa、140MPa、38MPa有限厚度混凝土靶板,以及卵形弹侵彻39MPa半无限混凝土靶板进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟得到的残余速度、侵彻深度和(减)加速度结果与实验数据进行了比较,发现两者吻合得较好。同时,数值模拟还揭示了混凝土靶板在卵形弹弹体贯穿过程中裂纹的演化过程,数值模拟中得到的开坑直径和漏斗坑直径与实验数据也吻合得较好。
对平头弹以不同速度撞击钢筋混凝土靶板进行数值模拟。数值模拟得到的混凝土靶板裂纹形貌与实验照片吻合得较好。同时,对平头弹撞击混凝土靶板进行了参数研究,分析了平头弹撞击速度,平头弹直径和质量,混凝土靶板厚度和直径对混凝土靶板中裂纹演化的影响,得到了一些有益的结论。
对炸药爆炸载荷作用下钢筋混凝土的响应和破坏进行数值模拟。模拟了炸药接触爆炸和炸药处于封闭空间内的爆炸问题。数值模拟得到的混凝土靶板的裂纹形貌与实验观察进行了比较,两者吻合得较好。同时,对混凝土接触爆炸问题进行了参数研究,分析了不同厚度不同直径混凝土靶板对裂纹演化的影响。
将Hoek-Brown破坏准则引入空穴膨胀理论,并对混凝土靶板的侵彻问题进行数值计算。首先将Hoek-Brown破坏准则和弹性-脆性-理想塑性应力应变关系引入到球形空穴膨胀理论中,用以描述混凝土材料的本构关系和破坏过程,弥补了以往的空穴膨胀理论中混凝土材料本构较为简单的缺陷。本构模型抓住了混凝土材料的基本力学行为,如压力相关性,应变软化,能较真实地反映混凝土材料的力学行为。本文通过数值计算的方法预测了卵形弹侵彻和贯穿混凝土靶板的侵彻深度和残余速度,数值计算与实验数据吻合得较好。
Concrete as a construction material has been widely used in both defense and civil engineering. An understandings of the response and failure of concrete targets subjected to projectile impact or explosive loadings is of great significance for the design of weapons as well as protective structures. This thesis presents a new computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to dynamic loadings and corresponding numerical simulations are performed to study the impact or explosive response and failure of reinforced concrete slabs. This thesis mainly consists of the following parts:
A new computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to dynamic loadings is developed based on the analysis of some existing material models and newly obtained experimental data. The constitutive model can capture the basic features of the mechanical response of concrete materials including pressure hardening behavior, strain rate effect, strain-softening behavior, path dependent behavior, porosity and failure in both low and high confining pressures. The principal strain softening model is implemented to capture the tensile behavior of concrete. Semi-empirical equations are suggested for the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials on the basis of the assumptions that inertial effects in tension can be ignored and compressive and tensile strength increase increments are equal at equal strain rates. The new model is implemented in the commercial hydroscope LS-DYNA and numerical tests are carried out using the single element simulation approach. The use of a single element can eliminate undesired structural effects.
Numerical simulations are performed to study the penetration and perforation of reinforced concrete targets struck normally by rigid ogival-nosed projectiles. It is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the test data for the perforation of48MPa.140MPa and38MPa concrete slabs, as well as for the penetration of39MPa concrete slabs in terms of residual velocities, penetration depths and the deceleration-time histories. It is also found that different cracking patterns are observed and that the numerical predictions of the diameters of the impact crater spalling and scabbing are in good agreement with the experimental data for ogival-nosed projectile perforating finite thickness concrete targets at velocity749m/s.
Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the response of reinforced concrete targets struck normally by flat-nosed projectiles. The cracking patterns observed in the simulations are compared with the experimental observations and good agreement is obtained. Parametric study using different impact velocities, different projectile diameters and concrete targets with different thicknesses and sizes are also carried out and some useful results obtained.
Numerical simulations are implemented to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loadings. Comparisons of the cracking patterns obtained from the numerical studies with the experimental results show that the present model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Parametric studies are also conducted to further our understanding of the failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loadings.
A spherical cavity expansion model for concrete is first proposed by using an elastic-brittle-plastic material law with Hoek-Brown strength criterion. The constitutive model can capture the basic features of the mechanical response of concrete materials including the effects of pressure hardening and strain-softening and all the parameters used in the model can be determined from material tests. The forcing function obtained from the spherical cavity expansion analysis is then employed to construct a penetration model for concrete targets struck by ogival-nosed projectiles. It transpires that the present model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations in terms of penetration depth and ballistic limits/residual velocities in the case of perforation.
在现有混凝土本构模型和一些最新实验数据的基础上,发展混凝土动态计算本构新模型。该模型能反映混凝土材料的基本特性如压力相关性,应变率相关性,应变软化,加载路径相关性,多孔性以及高低围压下的损伤等。针对混凝土材料的拉伸损伤,本文引入拉伸主应变损伤法则来描述混凝土材料的拉伸开裂行为。对于混凝土材料的动态强度,本文在分析了现有混凝土压缩和拉伸动态材料实验数据后,在两个假设的基础上,提出了新的混凝土动态增强因子(DIF)的经验公式。此模型的两个假设是：惯性效应只对混凝土材料的动态压缩强度有影响,对动态拉伸强度没有影响；在相同的应变率条件下,混凝土材料的动态压缩强度增量与动态拉伸强度增量相同。我们将采用单单元模型的数值计算来验证本构模型的正确性。
对卵形弹高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶板进行数值模拟。本文对卵形弹贯穿48MPa、140MPa、38MPa有限厚度混凝土靶板,以及卵形弹侵彻39MPa半无限混凝土靶板进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟得到的残余速度、侵彻深度和(减)加速度结果与实验数据进行了比较,发现两者吻合得较好。同时,数值模拟还揭示了混凝土靶板在卵形弹弹体贯穿过程中裂纹的演化过程,数值模拟中得到的开坑直径和漏斗坑直径与实验数据也吻合得较好。
对平头弹以不同速度撞击钢筋混凝土靶板进行数值模拟。数值模拟得到的混凝土靶板裂纹形貌与实验照片吻合得较好。同时,对平头弹撞击混凝土靶板进行了参数研究,分析了平头弹撞击速度,平头弹直径和质量,混凝土靶板厚度和直径对混凝土靶板中裂纹演化的影响,得到了一些有益的结论。
对炸药爆炸载荷作用下钢筋混凝土的响应和破坏进行数值模拟。模拟了炸药接触爆炸和炸药处于封闭空间内的爆炸问题。数值模拟得到的混凝土靶板的裂纹形貌与实验观察进行了比较,两者吻合得较好。同时,对混凝土接触爆炸问题进行了参数研究,分析了不同厚度不同直径混凝土靶板对裂纹演化的影响。
将Hoek-Brown破坏准则引入空穴膨胀理论,并对混凝土靶板的侵彻问题进行数值计算。首先将Hoek-Brown破坏准则和弹性-脆性-理想塑性应力应变关系引入到球形空穴膨胀理论中,用以描述混凝土材料的本构关系和破坏过程,弥补了以往的空穴膨胀理论中混凝土材料本构较为简单的缺陷。本构模型抓住了混凝土材料的基本力学行为,如压力相关性,应变软化,能较真实地反映混凝土材料的力学行为。本文通过数值计算的方法预测了卵形弹侵彻和贯穿混凝土靶板的侵彻深度和残余速度,数值计算与实验数据吻合得较好。
Concrete as a construction material has been widely used in both defense and civil engineering. An understandings of the response and failure of concrete targets subjected to projectile impact or explosive loadings is of great significance for the design of weapons as well as protective structures. This thesis presents a new computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to dynamic loadings and corresponding numerical simulations are performed to study the impact or explosive response and failure of reinforced concrete slabs. This thesis mainly consists of the following parts:
A new computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to dynamic loadings is developed based on the analysis of some existing material models and newly obtained experimental data. The constitutive model can capture the basic features of the mechanical response of concrete materials including pressure hardening behavior, strain rate effect, strain-softening behavior, path dependent behavior, porosity and failure in both low and high confining pressures. The principal strain softening model is implemented to capture the tensile behavior of concrete. Semi-empirical equations are suggested for the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials on the basis of the assumptions that inertial effects in tension can be ignored and compressive and tensile strength increase increments are equal at equal strain rates. The new model is implemented in the commercial hydroscope LS-DYNA and numerical tests are carried out using the single element simulation approach. The use of a single element can eliminate undesired structural effects.
Numerical simulations are performed to study the penetration and perforation of reinforced concrete targets struck normally by rigid ogival-nosed projectiles. It is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the test data for the perforation of48MPa.140MPa and38MPa concrete slabs, as well as for the penetration of39MPa concrete slabs in terms of residual velocities, penetration depths and the deceleration-time histories. It is also found that different cracking patterns are observed and that the numerical predictions of the diameters of the impact crater spalling and scabbing are in good agreement with the experimental data for ogival-nosed projectile perforating finite thickness concrete targets at velocity749m/s.
Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the response of reinforced concrete targets struck normally by flat-nosed projectiles. The cracking patterns observed in the simulations are compared with the experimental observations and good agreement is obtained. Parametric study using different impact velocities, different projectile diameters and concrete targets with different thicknesses and sizes are also carried out and some useful results obtained.
Numerical simulations are implemented to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loadings. Comparisons of the cracking patterns obtained from the numerical studies with the experimental results show that the present model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Parametric studies are also conducted to further our understanding of the failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loadings.
A spherical cavity expansion model for concrete is first proposed by using an elastic-brittle-plastic material law with Hoek-Brown strength criterion. The constitutive model can capture the basic features of the mechanical response of concrete materials including the effects of pressure hardening and strain-softening and all the parameters used in the model can be determined from material tests. The forcing function obtained from the spherical cavity expansion analysis is then employed to construct a penetration model for concrete targets struck by ogival-nosed projectiles. It transpires that the present model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations in terms of penetration depth and ballistic limits/residual velocities in the case of perforation.
引文
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