北京地区热储层损害机理研究
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摘要
北京地区地热资源丰富,但由于地热储层存在一定的敏感性矿物,在钻井、完井及生产、增产过程中造成储层损害。为高效、安全、持久地开发利用北京市地下蕴藏的热水资源,开展北京地区地热储层的损害机理研究,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
论文选取北京地区碳酸盐类岩石地热储层为研究对象,通过选取部分现场样本结合一定量的室内实验,从岩样的基础物性、流体敏感性、应力敏感性、常用钻井液体系对岩样损害程度评价等方面研究了碳酸盐岩热储层的损害机理,取得以下主要结论和创新性成果：
北京地区碳酸盐岩热储层属于超低渗透热储层,弱～中等偏弱速敏,中等偏弱～中等偏强水敏,弱～中等偏弱碱敏,具有极强的应力敏感性。模拟地热井施工井下环境钻井液对热储层的综合损害程度为中等偏弱,热储层岩样渗透率随温度升高、滤失量增大、压差增大而降低,在钻进施工过程中使用耐高温、低滤失量、低密度钻井液可保护储层。
储层环境、储层岩石、储层流体为地热储层损害的潜在可能性,作业过程中形成的井下压差、温度及作业时间、流体等参数变化会使储层损害成为现实。
建立了热储层受损害的微粒运移模型,得出单位时间内微粒扩散量及微粒扩散运移速度随微粒侵入深度的变化规律。
通过井周应力变化损害热储层模型分析,建立了临界流量的影响因素和确定方法,提出了通过控制流量将塑性区限制在合理的范围内,寻求生产速度和保护储层之间平衡。
针对目前施工现场使用钻井液抗温性能差的特点,研制了改进的保护地热储层聚合物体系、聚磺体系钻井液,有效地改善了钻井液的滤失量与泥饼的质量,提高了钻井液的抗温能力。
Beijing area is rich in geothermal resources. But because of the certain sensitivity minerals in geothermal reservoirs, some damage will be caused in drilling, completion and production process. Study of geothermal reservoir damage mechanism is of great theoretical and practical significance for efficient, safe and sustainable exploitation and utilization of underground hot water resources in Beijing area.
Carbonate rocks geothermal reservoir in Beijing is acted as object in the paper. Damage mechanism of geothermal reservoir is studied through selecting some field samples as well as experiments in laboratory, for example:physical properties of rock, fluid sensitivity, sensitivity to stress, damage assessment of drilling fluids to rock specimen. The main conclusions and innovative results are as follows
Geothermal reservoir in Beijing area belong to ultra-low permeability reservoir, Geothermal reservoir level of velocity sensitivity is weak low～medium, level of sensitivity to water is medium-low～medium strong, level of sensitivity to alkali is low～medium-weak, sensitivity to stress is extreme strong. The extent of damage of drilling fluid to reservoirs is medium-weak under environment simulated geothermal well. Rock permeability decreases as the temperature increase, the amount of fluid loss, pressure difference increase. High-temperature, low loss and low density drilling fluids are used during the drilling process for reservoir protection.
Potential factors of reservoirs damage are environment, rocks, fluid of reservoirs. The formation of downhole pressure difference, time and changes of fluid parameters in the process of operation will make reservoir damage become a reality
The particle transport model of heat reservoir damage is established. Particle diffusion amount per unit of time and the fact that the migration velocity of particle diffusion varies with invasion depth of particles have been got.
By analyzing the model of the well circumferential stress changing damage geothermal reservoir, influence factors of critical flow and the method to determine are established. It is put forward that the plastic zone can be limited within a reasonable range by controlling the flow, seeking a balance between production rate and reservoir protection.
Point at the characteristics of poor performance using a drilling fluid temperature in work-site, developed a geothermal reservoir protection improvement of polymer drilling fluid system, poly-sulfonate system, effectively improve the volume of drilling fluid filtrate cake quality, developed the capacity of drilling fluid resisted heat.
论文选取北京地区碳酸盐类岩石地热储层为研究对象,通过选取部分现场样本结合一定量的室内实验,从岩样的基础物性、流体敏感性、应力敏感性、常用钻井液体系对岩样损害程度评价等方面研究了碳酸盐岩热储层的损害机理,取得以下主要结论和创新性成果：
北京地区碳酸盐岩热储层属于超低渗透热储层,弱～中等偏弱速敏,中等偏弱～中等偏强水敏,弱～中等偏弱碱敏,具有极强的应力敏感性。模拟地热井施工井下环境钻井液对热储层的综合损害程度为中等偏弱,热储层岩样渗透率随温度升高、滤失量增大、压差增大而降低,在钻进施工过程中使用耐高温、低滤失量、低密度钻井液可保护储层。
储层环境、储层岩石、储层流体为地热储层损害的潜在可能性,作业过程中形成的井下压差、温度及作业时间、流体等参数变化会使储层损害成为现实。
建立了热储层受损害的微粒运移模型,得出单位时间内微粒扩散量及微粒扩散运移速度随微粒侵入深度的变化规律。
通过井周应力变化损害热储层模型分析,建立了临界流量的影响因素和确定方法,提出了通过控制流量将塑性区限制在合理的范围内,寻求生产速度和保护储层之间平衡。
针对目前施工现场使用钻井液抗温性能差的特点,研制了改进的保护地热储层聚合物体系、聚磺体系钻井液,有效地改善了钻井液的滤失量与泥饼的质量,提高了钻井液的抗温能力。
Beijing area is rich in geothermal resources. But because of the certain sensitivity minerals in geothermal reservoirs, some damage will be caused in drilling, completion and production process. Study of geothermal reservoir damage mechanism is of great theoretical and practical significance for efficient, safe and sustainable exploitation and utilization of underground hot water resources in Beijing area.
Carbonate rocks geothermal reservoir in Beijing is acted as object in the paper. Damage mechanism of geothermal reservoir is studied through selecting some field samples as well as experiments in laboratory, for example:physical properties of rock, fluid sensitivity, sensitivity to stress, damage assessment of drilling fluids to rock specimen. The main conclusions and innovative results are as follows
Geothermal reservoir in Beijing area belong to ultra-low permeability reservoir, Geothermal reservoir level of velocity sensitivity is weak low～medium, level of sensitivity to water is medium-low～medium strong, level of sensitivity to alkali is low～medium-weak, sensitivity to stress is extreme strong. The extent of damage of drilling fluid to reservoirs is medium-weak under environment simulated geothermal well. Rock permeability decreases as the temperature increase, the amount of fluid loss, pressure difference increase. High-temperature, low loss and low density drilling fluids are used during the drilling process for reservoir protection.
Potential factors of reservoirs damage are environment, rocks, fluid of reservoirs. The formation of downhole pressure difference, time and changes of fluid parameters in the process of operation will make reservoir damage become a reality
The particle transport model of heat reservoir damage is established. Particle diffusion amount per unit of time and the fact that the migration velocity of particle diffusion varies with invasion depth of particles have been got.
By analyzing the model of the well circumferential stress changing damage geothermal reservoir, influence factors of critical flow and the method to determine are established. It is put forward that the plastic zone can be limited within a reasonable range by controlling the flow, seeking a balance between production rate and reservoir protection.
Point at the characteristics of poor performance using a drilling fluid temperature in work-site, developed a geothermal reservoir protection improvement of polymer drilling fluid system, poly-sulfonate system, effectively improve the volume of drilling fluid filtrate cake quality, developed the capacity of drilling fluid resisted heat.
引文
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