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东濮凹陷白庙及其周边地区古近系沙河街组深层沙三中—下段储层有效性分析
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摘要
钻井资料表明,东濮凹陷白庙及其周边地区在沙河街组深层沙三中-沙三下段地层中,油气显示多,勘探潜力大,但该区深层有效储层储集空间类型、发育特征、成因机制、主要控制因素等一直不清楚,未做系统研究,严重制约了勘探的进展。鉴于此,论文主要解决以下三个问题:在成岩演化分析基础上,总结深部有效储层的孔隙类型组成和演化规律;系统研究有效储层的主控因素及其作用方式;探讨深部储层分类方法及评价标准。
     沉积微相研究是进行储层研究的基础,是砂体物性差异的主导因素,白庙及其周边地区沙三中-沙三下段地层中主要发育扇三角洲前缘、三角洲前缘等亚相,主要发育的沉积微相有水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相,其中水下分流河道砂体为本区最有利砂体。
     深部储层由于受沉积、成岩作用和构造运动等因素的共同作用,形成了多种孔隙类型,按照成因可划分为残留原生孔隙、混合孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝。储层大部分孔隙都是在原生孔隙的基础上成岩演化而成。不同高异常孔隙带孔隙类型具有以下分布特征:残余原生孔隙对现今孔隙的贡献和储层埋深、孔隙度及岩石组分等因素有关,一般随埋深增加,残余原生孔隙的贡献变小;原始孔隙度值越高,残余原生孔隙的贡献越大;深部储层构造裂缝分布较广,但裂缝发育不均,构造缝以垂直缝和高角度缝为主。
     储层在深埋藏成岩过程中发生的成岩作用主要有压实和压溶作用,铁方解石、铁白云石的交代、胶结作用,硬石膏的交代、胶结作用,石英的次生加大作用,溶蚀作用和沥青充填作用等。根据岩石结构特征、古地温、有机质成熟度、粘土矿物转化等成岩阶段划分的依据,将深层储层成岩阶段划分为中成岩A期、B期和晚成岩期三个时期。
     深部储层有效性的影响和控制的因素主要包括储层沉积物的特征(包括砂岩类型、粒度、分选、成分以及单砂层厚度等)、裂缝的分布、烃类充注、酸性流体溶蚀、压实强度等多种因素等,这些因素之间有时也是互相作用、互相影响、互相制约的,关系错综复杂。通过综合和认真分析总结和高度归纳概括,发现影响和控制研究区深部储层储集空间发育和演化的最重要的因素可以表述为三个方面,即沉积物特征、埋藏压实与流体保护与改造(烃类和酸性流体),因此针对白庙及其周边深层砂岩储层提出三因素控制的观点。依据这一观点,结合研究地区的成岩作用、岩性特征、粒度、孔渗数据以及前期的研究成果,建立东濮凹陷白庙及其周边地区的储层空间演化模式。
     根据本次研究并结合前人的研究成果,建立了白庙及其周边地区深层储层的划分标准,对重点井与重点区块开展储层评价:白庙地区沙三中亚段储层多属于Ⅰ~Ⅱ类储层,沙三下亚段储层多属于Ⅲ类储层,少数为Ⅱ类储层;杜寨地区沙三中亚段多为致密储层Ⅰ类或常规储层,沙三下大于4250m层段,一般属于致密储层Ⅱ类。桥口地区沙三中(上)亚段储层以Ⅰ类储层为主,沙三中(下)亚段储层相当于致密储层Ⅰ~Ⅱ类,埋深大于4200m的沙三下亚段储层属于Ⅲ类致密储层。
Drilling data have been uncover that there are more frequent hydrocarbonappearances and bigger exploration potential in the deep Shahejie formation (S3-S4),Baimiao and its surrounding areas of Dongpu sag. However, for this issue, such as thereservoir space type, development characteristics, genetic mechanism and majorcontrolling factors, which will comprehensively control the effective reservoir of thedeep formation, are not clear and never conduct the systematic research, and then itwill seriously restrict exploration. Therefore, three aspects of problem will be solvedin this paper, they are:(1) summarizing the composition of porosity type andevolution rules base on the analysis to diagenetic evolution,(2) systematicallystudying the main controlling factor and action model of the effective reservoir, and (3)discussing the classification methods and evaluation standards for the deep reservoirs.
     The study of sedimentary microfacies is the base of reservoir study, and it alsothe dominant factors for the property difference of the sandbody. The deep Shahejieformations (S3-S4) mainly grow the subfacies in Baimiao and its surrounding area,such as the fan delta front and delta front, including the sedimentary microfacies asthe underwater distributary channel, estuary dam and sheet sand, of the sandstonesresulted from the underwater distributary channel is the most advantageous sandbody.
     For the reason of deposition, diagenesis and tectonic movement, which willcombine with each other to act the deep reservoirs, and result in the various porositytypes, and according to their generation mechanics, can be classified into the residualoriginal pore, mixed pore and secondary pore and fissures. Most of the pore inreservoir was evolved from the original pore. The Pore type within the different highabnormal pore zone possess the following distribution characteristics:(1) the residualoriginal pore which will contribute to the current pore, is related to the reservoir burialdepth and porosity and rock components, generally speaking for the residual originalpore, the deeper burial depth is, the less contribution to the pore;(2) the bigger valueof the original porosity and the more contribution will be.(3) The distribution for thestructural fissures is wider in deep reservoirs, while their distribution is not unevenand among them are the vertical fissure and the fissures with high angle.
     The diagenetic process, occurred in the deep bury in the study area, are those asfollowings: secondary overgrowth of quartz, metasomatism and cementation ofanhydrite and ferrocalcite and ankerite, squeezing action and pressure solution,dissolution and asphalt packing action. Based on rock texture feature, palaeogeotherm,maturity of organic matter and clay mineral transformation, diagenetic stage of deepreservoir can be divided into three stages including mesozone rock A stage and Bstage and late diagenesis stage.
     Factors that influence and control effectiveness of the deep reservoir mainlyinclude the reservoir sediment characteristics(such as sandstone type, grain size,sorting, composition and thickness of single sand beds), distribution of fissure,hydrocarbon charging, acid fluid corrosion, compaction strength, etc., of which willinterplay and interact and inter-restrict each other and also with complicatedrelationship. Through analyzing and summarizing and highly generalization, it showsthat the most important factors of influencing and controlling the development andevolution of deep reservoir space in the study area can be clarified as three aspects,such as sediment characteristics, bury and compaction, fluid protection anddisplacement(hydrocarbon and acid fluids). Therefore, viewpoint of ternarycontrolling reservoir is put forward aiming at deep sandstone reservoir in Baimiao andsurrounding areas. Based on it and combined with diagenetic process and lithologiccharacteristics and grain size and porosity and permeability data and previous researchachievements in this research area, the reservoir space evolution models areconstructed for Baimiao and surrounding areas of Dongpu sag.
     Based on this and previous research results, the standard of classification fordeep reservoir in Baimiao and surrounding areas was constructed in this paper andreservoir assessment for important wells and blocks were carried out as follows. Themost middle formation of S3member in Baimiao area belongs to reservoir type Ⅰ~Ⅱ. The most lower formation of S3member in Baimiao area belongs to reservoir typeⅢ and minority belongs to reservoir type Ⅱ. The middle formation of S3member inDuzhai area mainly belongs to tight reservoir typeⅠ or general reservoir Ⅱ. Thelower formation of S3member of burial depth above4250m generally belongs to thetight reservoir type Ⅱ. The middle(upper) formation of S3member in Qiaokou areamainly belongs to reservoir type Ⅰ and the middle(lower) formation of S3memberare equivalent to tight reservoir type Ⅰ~Ⅱ. The lower formation of S3member ofburial depth above4250m generally belong to the tight reservoir type Ⅲ.
引文
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