30种菊科植物提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性及次生物质成分鉴定
|
摘要
为了寻求能够有效控制蔬菜害虫小菜蛾,且对蔬菜产品安全的植物保护剂,从福建等地采集30种菊科植物,用三种方法测试植物及植物提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性,并运用气相色谱-质谱联用进行成分分析。
1. 30种菊科植物对小菜蛾行为的影响及其挥发性物质的SPME/GC-MS分析
为了考察菊科植物本身的挥发性气味是否对小菜蛾定向行为有影响,通过由Y形嗅觉仪、水泵、流量计、放虫容器、诱捕管组成的人工气路系统,初步检验了小菜蛾对30种菊科植物植株挥发性气味的嗅觉选择性,实验结果表明豚草、蟛蜞菊、假臭草,万寿菊,胜红蓟,杭白菊对小菜蛾行为影响效果较显著。其中豚草对小菜蛾选择行为影响最为显著。并采用固相微萃取/气相色谱联用(SPME/GC-MS)技术分析了豚草的挥发性成分。从豚草的挥发性气味物质中鉴定出51种成分,其中含量最高的为大根香叶烯D,相对含量为19.169%。在鉴定出的成分中,种类最多的烯类,共36种,占总含量的82.158%。
2. 30种菊科植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性测定
为了考察菊科植物植株内次生物质对小菜蛾的控制作用,用索氏提取法和冷浸提取法两种植物提取方法,以乙醇为溶剂,对植物乙醇提取物进行产卵驱避、拒食活性、毒杀作用、化蛹率和蛹重的影响作为评价指标。并在30种菊科植物中筛选出效果较为显著为假臭草索氏提取物,对小菜蛾成虫24h、48h产卵驱避率为85.32%、82.62%;对3龄幼虫24h、48h拒食率达到84.44%、82.67%;对2龄幼虫的48h、72h毒杀死亡率为55.55%、64.64%;在假臭草提取物作用下小菜蛾蛹重(10只蛹)为0.0211 g (CK为0.0606g),化蛹率为26.29%。
3.假臭草茎全株、茎叶、花乙醇索氏提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性
为了进一步考察假臭草对小菜蛾的生物活性物质在假臭草中的分布,对假臭草全株、茎叶、花提取物分别进行生物测定,得出以下结论:
(1)对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用:假臭草全株,茎叶,花提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为85.85%,88.98%,79.29%。处理48h后为82.51%,86.32%,77.95%。三种植取物的产卵忌避效果:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。另外三种提取物的忌避效果随着时间的延长而有所下降。
(2)对小菜蛾幼虫非选择性拒食活性的测定:处理24h后,用假臭草全株,茎叶,花提取物处理过的叶片,小菜蛾取食量分别为4.74mm2/只、4.91mm2/只、4.58mm2/只,24h拒食率分别为82.54%、81.92%、83.13%。处理48h后,小菜蛾取食量分别为6.40mm2/只、6.55mm2/只、6.14mm2/只,48h拒食率分别为82.68%、82.27%、83.38%。三种提取物对小菜蛾的取食量从大到小为:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物;三种提取物对小菜蛾的拒食率从大到小为:假臭草花提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草茎叶提取物。
(3)对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的毒杀作用:假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的48h毒杀死亡率分别为56.04%、57.89%、51.97%。72h毒杀死亡率为65.08%、68.04%、63.97%。其中假臭草全株和假臭草花的毒杀死亡率差异不显著。三种提取物对小菜蛾48h,72h毒杀死亡率从高到低为:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。
(4)对小菜蛾化蛹率和蛹重的影响:假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物处理后,小菜蛾化蛹率分别为26.32%、25.97%、24.97%。假臭草花对小菜蛾化蛹抑制作用最为明显。处理后小菜蛾蛹重(10只蛹)分别为0.0211g、0.0191g、0.0241g。对小菜蛾化蛹率抑制作用从高到低为:假臭草花提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草茎叶提取物。对小菜蛾蛹重抑制作用从高到低为假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。
由以上生物测定结果表明,假臭草茎叶提取物对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用,2龄幼虫的毒杀作用,蛹重的抑制作用要高于其他两种假臭草提取物。而假臭草花提取物对小菜蛾非选择性拒食作用,降低化蛹率作用要高于其他提取物。假臭草全株提取物在以上生物测定中,表现出中等水平。
4.假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物的GC-MS分析对比对假臭草乙醇全株、茎叶、花提取物进行GC-MS分析,分别得到组分40、44、53种。在三种提取物中,萜类物质为含量最高的组分,分别占其各自总成分的34.373%(10种)、34.397%(17种)、53.520%(22种);另外醇类24.913%(14种)、21.467%(5种)、12.539%(7种);酮类26.249%(3种)、5.227%(3种),1.288%(4种)等。
在对假臭草茎叶和花乙醇索氏提取物进行分析得出,共有成分有21种,分别为:1,1-二甲氧基-2-丁烯;1,1-2甲氧基-2-甲基-丙烷;1-乙酸-(3-甲基)-1-丁酯;(E)-β-trans-罗勒烯;1,1-二甲氧基-3-甲基-丁烯;2-β-蒎烯;dl-柠烯;Z-β-罗勒烯;α-松油烯;β-荜澄茄油烯;trans-石竹烯;紫穗槐烯;α-葎草烯;朱栾倍半萜;α-荜澄茄油烯;大根香叶烯;β-榄香烯;t-杜松醇;香橙烯;亚油酸乙酯;亚麻酸乙酯。
5.假臭草、豚草精油对小菜蛾的生物活性测定
(1)产卵忌避作用:不同浓度的两种植物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避作用随着精油浓度的增加而增加,不同浓度间差异显著。但不同浓度植物精油24 h的忌避率均高于48 h的忌避率,说明忌避效果随着时间的延长而下降。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为84.00%、72.70%、58.09%、36.77%;而48 h则分别为75.20%、61.62%、53.01%、32.17%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为92.23%、75.67%、67.15%、53.74%;48 h则分别为81.39%、66.41%、51.69%、37.35%。
(2)非选择性拒食作用:不同浓度的两种植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的非选择性拒食随着精油浓度的增加而增加,不同浓度间差异显著。但不同浓度植物精油24 h的非选择性拒食作用均高于48 h,说明随着时间的延长非选择性拒食作用效果下降。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的拒食率分别为87.45%、75.57%、71.29%、56.24%;而48 h则分别为80.20%、63.36%、51.96%、34.97%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的拒食率分别为83.89%、73.75%、65.53%、51.14%;而48 h则分别为77.19%、62.69%、45.74%、30.80%。
(3)熏蒸作用:植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的熏蒸作用较明显。随着植物精油浓度的增加和测定时间的延长,小菜蛾的校正死亡率也提高。当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的熏蒸校正死亡率分别为100.00%、85.60%、74.22%、62.99%、;而48h则分别为100.00%、92.90%、80.21%、74.21%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的熏蒸校正死亡率分别为100.00%、81.34%、73.91%、58.85%;而48 h则分别为100.00%、91.13%、79.27%、69.55%。
(4)触杀作用:不同浓度的植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀作用随着植物精油浓度的增加而增加。但不同浓度植物精油48 h的触杀作用均高于24 h的触杀作用,说明随着时间的延长触杀死亡率上升。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24h小菜蛾的熏蒸分别为71.89%、55.33%、22.65%、8.81%;而48 h则分别为77.86%、68.06%、31.70%、13.55%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24h小菜蛾的触杀死亡率分别为60.36%、34.20%、15.05%、7.15%;而48h则分别为73.17%、54.09%、30.95%、24.55%。
(5)对小菜蛾及其天敌的定向行为的影响:两种精油都对小菜蛾的定向行为表现出了显著的影响。豚草精油对小菜蛾的选择行为的影响要高于假臭草精油。但在精油浓度为5.00mg/L和2.50mg/L时,小菜蛾出现了多数死亡的现象。两种精油在低浓度对小菜蛾绒茧蜂没有明显的驱避作用。但精油浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L时,导致了小菜蛾绒茧蜂的多数死亡。
6.假臭草、豚草挥发油的GC-MS分析
在假臭草精油中共鉴定出组分42种。含量最高的为3-甲基-3-戊醇3-Pentanol, 3-methyl-,占百分含量的15.454%,其中(1)醇类:共11种,占相对含量的39.852%。(2)萜类:共8种,占相对含量的17.644% ,分别为α-古巴烯(.alpha.-Copaene)(0.23%) ;β-榄香烯(.beta.-elemene)(1.865%);Δ-杜松烯.delta.-Cadinene(2.667%);朱栾倍半萜valencene(0.314%);β-瑟林烯.beta.-Selinene(0.560%);β-榄香烯.beta.-elemene(7.967%) ;α-愈创木烯.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%) ;(+)-Vitrene(0.558%)。
在豚草精油中共鉴定出组分41种。含量最高的为1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropane,占百分含量的18.923%,其中(1)醇类,8种,占相对含量的17.342%。(2)萜类,6种,占相对含量的9.638%,分别为:石竹烯(-)-CARYOPHYLLEN-(Ⅱ)(微量);朱栾倍半萜valencene(0.322%);香橙烯Aromadendrene(微量);β-榄香烯.beta.-elemene(8.259%);长叶烯Junipene(1.047%);环长叶烯(+) longicyclene(微量)。
Abstract:Thirty plants in the Composite family were mainly collected from Fujian Province for screening the biological activities to the most important vegetable pests- diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry was use to identify the components.
1 The orientation of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) to plants volatiles and the SPME/GC-MS analysis of plants volatiles.
The orientation of diamondback moth to plants volatiles was investigated using Y-tube olfactory in the lab. The results demonstrated that Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, Wedelia chinensis Merr, Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, Tagetes erecta L. Ageratum conyzoides, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Effect the orientation of diamondback moth markedly.
The volatile components of Ambrosia artemisiifolia were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. Fifty-one compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were GERMACRENE-D,with relative amount of 19.169% ;
z-Muurolene(14.534%);.gamma.-Cadinene(11.566%);.delta.-Cadinene(8.206%) et.al. There are thirty-six types of Alkene in the Volatile, with relative amount of 82.158%.
2 The biological activities of thirty plants in the Composite family To investigate the suppressive effects of these plant alcohol extracts on diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Oviposition repellency rate, antifeedants,toxicity,pupation rate and pupal weight were used to evaluate the effect. According to the biological activities, the extracts of the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)showed the best effect to diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella), was selected to do further investigation.
The results shows that the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)could significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) reduce pupation rate of DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA), which were responsible for the lower pupation rates to 26.29% .The pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was 0.0211g. When the alcohol extracts of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)was applied, the oviposition rate was about 85.32%(24h)、82.62%(48h),the antifeedant rate of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) larvae was 84.44%(24h)、82.67%(48h) and the stomach toxic effects of the larvae was 55.55%(48h)、64.64%(72h).
3 The biological activities of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) whole plant alcohol extracts(PWE) , stems and leaves alcohol extracts(PSLE) , and flowers alcohol extracts(PFE) against DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA).
The results of bioassay indicated that :
(1) oviposition repellency rate
The 24 hours oviposition repellency rate of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 85.85%,88.98%,79.29%,respectively, and reduced to 82.51%,86.32%,77.95%, respectively, after 48h. The activity of oviposition detterent reduced after 48 hours of spray. The oviposition repellency rate of three extracts was PSLE > EH > PFE(from high to low).
(2) the non-selective antifeedant effect
The non-selective antifeedant effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 82.54%、81.92%、83.13%, respectively, after 24h, and was 82.68%、82.27%、83.38%, respectively, after 48h. The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 4.74、4.91、4.58 mm2/individual, respectively, after 24h, and was 6.40、6.55、6.14 mm2/ individual, respectively, after 48h. The non-selective antifeedant effect of three extracts was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low). The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was PSLE > PWE > PFE (from high to low).
(3) the stomach toxic effect
The stomach toxic effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 56.04%、57.89%、51.97% respectively, after 48h, and was 65.08%、68.04%、63.97% respectively, after 72h. The stomach toxic Effect of three extracts were PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).
(4) the Effect of inhibit pupal weigh and pupation rate
The pupation rates of PWE, PSLE, PFE was to 26.32%、25.97%、24.97%, respectively. The pupal weight of diamondback moth was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by these extract which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth was 0.0211、0.0191、0.0241g, respectively. The pupation of these three extract was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low) . The pupal weight of diamondback moth was PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).
The result of the bioassay shows that, the oviposition repellency rate , stomach toxic Effect, the Effect of inhibit pupal weight of PSLE is higher(better) than PWE and PFE. And the non-selective antifeedant Effect, reduce pupation rate of PFE is higher than PWE and PSLE.
4 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PWE, PSLE and PFE The chemical components of PWE, PSLE and PFE were analyzed by GC/MS. 40、44、53 compounds were identified from PWE, PSLE and PFE, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were major components, with relative amount of 34.373%(10 types) in PWE,34.397%(17 types)in PSLE、53.520%(22 types)in PFE;alcohol relative amount of 24.913%(14 types)in PWE, 21.467%(5 types)in PSLE、12.539%(7 types)in PFE;ketone relative amount of 26.249%(3 types)in PWE、5.227%(3 types)in PSLE,1.288%(4 types)in PFE et. al.
21 common components were found by compare PSLE with PFE. The common components Were 1,1-Diethoxy-2-butene;Propane, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methyl-;1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate;1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-,; Butane, 1-diethoxy-3-methyl-;2-.BETA.-PINENE;dl-Limonene;Z-.beta.-ocimene; .gamma.-Terpinene;.beta.-Cubebene;trans-Caryophyllene; .alpha.-Amorphene;.alpha.-Humulene ;Valencene;.alpha.-Cubebene ; GERMACRENE-D;.beta.-elemene;t-Cadinol;aromadendrene;Ethyl linoleate;ETHYL LINOLEOLATE;
5 Bioactivity of the essential oil from the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) and Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia) against diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella).
(1) oviposition repellency rate
When the concentration of the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)(PCE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 84.00%、72.70%、58.09%、36.77%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 75.20%、61.62%、53.01%、32.17% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia)(BE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of BE against diamondback moth was 92.23%、75.67%、67.15%、53.74%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 81.39%、66.41%、51.69%、37.35% respectively, after 48 hours.
(2) The non-selective antifeedant effect
When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 87.45%、75.57%、71.29%、56.24%,respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 80.20%、63.36%、51.96%、34.97% respectively, after 48 hours. When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of BE against diamondback moth was 83.89%、73.75%、65.53%、51.14%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 7.19%、62.69%、45.74%、30.80%, respectively, after 48 hours.
(3) fumigating toxicity
The essential oil show strong fumigating toxicity.
When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、85.60%、74.22%、62.99%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、92.90%、80.21%、74.21% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、81.34%、73.91%、58.85%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、91.13%、79.27%、69.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.
(4)the contact toxicity When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was71.89%、55.33%、22.65%、8.81%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 77.86%、68.06%、31.70%、13.55% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 60.36%、34.20%、15.05%、7.15%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 73.17%、54.09%、30.95%、24.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.
6 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PCE and BE. The chemical components of PCE were analyzed by GC/MS. 42 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 3-Pentanol, 3-methyl-,with relative amount of 15.454% , alcohol relative amount of 39.852% (11 types)in PWE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 17.644%(8 types) in PWE, including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%).
The chemical components of BE were analyzed by GC/MS. 41 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropane,with relative amount of 18.923% , alcohol relative amount of 17.342% (8 types)in BE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 9.638%(6 types) in BE,
including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%)。
(-)-CARYOPHYLLEN- (minim);valencene(0.322%);Aromadendrene(minim);.beta.-elemene(8.259%);Junipene(1.047%);(+) longicyclene(minim)。
1. 30种菊科植物对小菜蛾行为的影响及其挥发性物质的SPME/GC-MS分析
为了考察菊科植物本身的挥发性气味是否对小菜蛾定向行为有影响,通过由Y形嗅觉仪、水泵、流量计、放虫容器、诱捕管组成的人工气路系统,初步检验了小菜蛾对30种菊科植物植株挥发性气味的嗅觉选择性,实验结果表明豚草、蟛蜞菊、假臭草,万寿菊,胜红蓟,杭白菊对小菜蛾行为影响效果较显著。其中豚草对小菜蛾选择行为影响最为显著。并采用固相微萃取/气相色谱联用(SPME/GC-MS)技术分析了豚草的挥发性成分。从豚草的挥发性气味物质中鉴定出51种成分,其中含量最高的为大根香叶烯D,相对含量为19.169%。在鉴定出的成分中,种类最多的烯类,共36种,占总含量的82.158%。
2. 30种菊科植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性测定
为了考察菊科植物植株内次生物质对小菜蛾的控制作用,用索氏提取法和冷浸提取法两种植物提取方法,以乙醇为溶剂,对植物乙醇提取物进行产卵驱避、拒食活性、毒杀作用、化蛹率和蛹重的影响作为评价指标。并在30种菊科植物中筛选出效果较为显著为假臭草索氏提取物,对小菜蛾成虫24h、48h产卵驱避率为85.32%、82.62%;对3龄幼虫24h、48h拒食率达到84.44%、82.67%;对2龄幼虫的48h、72h毒杀死亡率为55.55%、64.64%;在假臭草提取物作用下小菜蛾蛹重(10只蛹)为0.0211 g (CK为0.0606g),化蛹率为26.29%。
3.假臭草茎全株、茎叶、花乙醇索氏提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性
为了进一步考察假臭草对小菜蛾的生物活性物质在假臭草中的分布,对假臭草全株、茎叶、花提取物分别进行生物测定,得出以下结论:
(1)对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用:假臭草全株,茎叶,花提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为85.85%,88.98%,79.29%。处理48h后为82.51%,86.32%,77.95%。三种植取物的产卵忌避效果:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。另外三种提取物的忌避效果随着时间的延长而有所下降。
(2)对小菜蛾幼虫非选择性拒食活性的测定:处理24h后,用假臭草全株,茎叶,花提取物处理过的叶片,小菜蛾取食量分别为4.74mm2/只、4.91mm2/只、4.58mm2/只,24h拒食率分别为82.54%、81.92%、83.13%。处理48h后,小菜蛾取食量分别为6.40mm2/只、6.55mm2/只、6.14mm2/只,48h拒食率分别为82.68%、82.27%、83.38%。三种提取物对小菜蛾的取食量从大到小为:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物;三种提取物对小菜蛾的拒食率从大到小为:假臭草花提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草茎叶提取物。
(3)对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的毒杀作用:假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的48h毒杀死亡率分别为56.04%、57.89%、51.97%。72h毒杀死亡率为65.08%、68.04%、63.97%。其中假臭草全株和假臭草花的毒杀死亡率差异不显著。三种提取物对小菜蛾48h,72h毒杀死亡率从高到低为:假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。
(4)对小菜蛾化蛹率和蛹重的影响:假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物处理后,小菜蛾化蛹率分别为26.32%、25.97%、24.97%。假臭草花对小菜蛾化蛹抑制作用最为明显。处理后小菜蛾蛹重(10只蛹)分别为0.0211g、0.0191g、0.0241g。对小菜蛾化蛹率抑制作用从高到低为:假臭草花提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草茎叶提取物。对小菜蛾蛹重抑制作用从高到低为假臭草茎叶提取物>假臭草全株提取物>假臭草花提取物。
由以上生物测定结果表明,假臭草茎叶提取物对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用,2龄幼虫的毒杀作用,蛹重的抑制作用要高于其他两种假臭草提取物。而假臭草花提取物对小菜蛾非选择性拒食作用,降低化蛹率作用要高于其他提取物。假臭草全株提取物在以上生物测定中,表现出中等水平。
4.假臭草全株、茎叶、花乙醇提取物的GC-MS分析对比对假臭草乙醇全株、茎叶、花提取物进行GC-MS分析,分别得到组分40、44、53种。在三种提取物中,萜类物质为含量最高的组分,分别占其各自总成分的34.373%(10种)、34.397%(17种)、53.520%(22种);另外醇类24.913%(14种)、21.467%(5种)、12.539%(7种);酮类26.249%(3种)、5.227%(3种),1.288%(4种)等。
在对假臭草茎叶和花乙醇索氏提取物进行分析得出,共有成分有21种,分别为:1,1-二甲氧基-2-丁烯;1,1-2甲氧基-2-甲基-丙烷;1-乙酸-(3-甲基)-1-丁酯;(E)-β-trans-罗勒烯;1,1-二甲氧基-3-甲基-丁烯;2-β-蒎烯;dl-柠烯;Z-β-罗勒烯;α-松油烯;β-荜澄茄油烯;trans-石竹烯;紫穗槐烯;α-葎草烯;朱栾倍半萜;α-荜澄茄油烯;大根香叶烯;β-榄香烯;t-杜松醇;香橙烯;亚油酸乙酯;亚麻酸乙酯。
5.假臭草、豚草精油对小菜蛾的生物活性测定
(1)产卵忌避作用:不同浓度的两种植物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避作用随着精油浓度的增加而增加,不同浓度间差异显著。但不同浓度植物精油24 h的忌避率均高于48 h的忌避率,说明忌避效果随着时间的延长而下降。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为84.00%、72.70%、58.09%、36.77%;而48 h则分别为75.20%、61.62%、53.01%、32.17%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的产卵忌避率分别为92.23%、75.67%、67.15%、53.74%;48 h则分别为81.39%、66.41%、51.69%、37.35%。
(2)非选择性拒食作用:不同浓度的两种植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的非选择性拒食随着精油浓度的增加而增加,不同浓度间差异显著。但不同浓度植物精油24 h的非选择性拒食作用均高于48 h,说明随着时间的延长非选择性拒食作用效果下降。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的拒食率分别为87.45%、75.57%、71.29%、56.24%;而48 h则分别为80.20%、63.36%、51.96%、34.97%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的拒食率分别为83.89%、73.75%、65.53%、51.14%;而48 h则分别为77.19%、62.69%、45.74%、30.80%。
(3)熏蒸作用:植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的熏蒸作用较明显。随着植物精油浓度的增加和测定时间的延长,小菜蛾的校正死亡率也提高。当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的熏蒸校正死亡率分别为100.00%、85.60%、74.22%、62.99%、;而48h则分别为100.00%、92.90%、80.21%、74.21%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L时,24 h小菜蛾的熏蒸校正死亡率分别为100.00%、81.34%、73.91%、58.85%;而48 h则分别为100.00%、91.13%、79.27%、69.55%。
(4)触杀作用:不同浓度的植物精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀作用随着植物精油浓度的增加而增加。但不同浓度植物精油48 h的触杀作用均高于24 h的触杀作用,说明随着时间的延长触杀死亡率上升。其中当假臭草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24h小菜蛾的熏蒸分别为71.89%、55.33%、22.65%、8.81%;而48 h则分别为77.86%、68.06%、31.70%、13.55%。当豚草精油的浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L、1.25mg/L、0.63mg/L时,24h小菜蛾的触杀死亡率分别为60.36%、34.20%、15.05%、7.15%;而48h则分别为73.17%、54.09%、30.95%、24.55%。
(5)对小菜蛾及其天敌的定向行为的影响:两种精油都对小菜蛾的定向行为表现出了显著的影响。豚草精油对小菜蛾的选择行为的影响要高于假臭草精油。但在精油浓度为5.00mg/L和2.50mg/L时,小菜蛾出现了多数死亡的现象。两种精油在低浓度对小菜蛾绒茧蜂没有明显的驱避作用。但精油浓度为5.00mg/L、2.50mg/L时,导致了小菜蛾绒茧蜂的多数死亡。
6.假臭草、豚草挥发油的GC-MS分析
在假臭草精油中共鉴定出组分42种。含量最高的为3-甲基-3-戊醇3-Pentanol, 3-methyl-,占百分含量的15.454%,其中(1)醇类:共11种,占相对含量的39.852%。(2)萜类:共8种,占相对含量的17.644% ,分别为α-古巴烯(.alpha.-Copaene)(0.23%) ;β-榄香烯(.beta.-elemene)(1.865%);Δ-杜松烯.delta.-Cadinene(2.667%);朱栾倍半萜valencene(0.314%);β-瑟林烯.beta.-Selinene(0.560%);β-榄香烯.beta.-elemene(7.967%) ;α-愈创木烯.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%) ;(+)-Vitrene(0.558%)。
在豚草精油中共鉴定出组分41种。含量最高的为1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropane,占百分含量的18.923%,其中(1)醇类,8种,占相对含量的17.342%。(2)萜类,6种,占相对含量的9.638%,分别为:石竹烯(-)-CARYOPHYLLEN-(Ⅱ)(微量);朱栾倍半萜valencene(0.322%);香橙烯Aromadendrene(微量);β-榄香烯.beta.-elemene(8.259%);长叶烯Junipene(1.047%);环长叶烯(+) longicyclene(微量)。
Abstract:Thirty plants in the Composite family were mainly collected from Fujian Province for screening the biological activities to the most important vegetable pests- diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry was use to identify the components.
1 The orientation of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) to plants volatiles and the SPME/GC-MS analysis of plants volatiles.
The orientation of diamondback moth to plants volatiles was investigated using Y-tube olfactory in the lab. The results demonstrated that Ambrosia artemisiifolia L, Wedelia chinensis Merr, Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, Tagetes erecta L. Ageratum conyzoides, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Effect the orientation of diamondback moth markedly.
The volatile components of Ambrosia artemisiifolia were analyzed by SPME/GC-MS. Fifty-one compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were GERMACRENE-D,with relative amount of 19.169% ;
z-Muurolene(14.534%);.gamma.-Cadinene(11.566%);.delta.-Cadinene(8.206%) et.al. There are thirty-six types of Alkene in the Volatile, with relative amount of 82.158%.
2 The biological activities of thirty plants in the Composite family To investigate the suppressive effects of these plant alcohol extracts on diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Oviposition repellency rate, antifeedants,toxicity,pupation rate and pupal weight were used to evaluate the effect. According to the biological activities, the extracts of the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)showed the best effect to diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella), was selected to do further investigation.
The results shows that the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)could significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) reduce pupation rate of DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA), which were responsible for the lower pupation rates to 26.29% .The pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by the alcohol extract of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) was 0.0211g. When the alcohol extracts of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)was applied, the oviposition rate was about 85.32%(24h)、82.62%(48h),the antifeedant rate of diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella) larvae was 84.44%(24h)、82.67%(48h) and the stomach toxic effects of the larvae was 55.55%(48h)、64.64%(72h).
3 The biological activities of Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) whole plant alcohol extracts(PWE) , stems and leaves alcohol extracts(PSLE) , and flowers alcohol extracts(PFE) against DIAMONDBACK MOTH(PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA).
The results of bioassay indicated that :
(1) oviposition repellency rate
The 24 hours oviposition repellency rate of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 85.85%,88.98%,79.29%,respectively, and reduced to 82.51%,86.32%,77.95%, respectively, after 48h. The activity of oviposition detterent reduced after 48 hours of spray. The oviposition repellency rate of three extracts was PSLE > EH > PFE(from high to low).
(2) the non-selective antifeedant effect
The non-selective antifeedant effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 82.54%、81.92%、83.13%, respectively, after 24h, and was 82.68%、82.27%、83.38%, respectively, after 48h. The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 4.74、4.91、4.58 mm2/individual, respectively, after 24h, and was 6.40、6.55、6.14 mm2/ individual, respectively, after 48h. The non-selective antifeedant effect of three extracts was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low). The leaf consumed of PWE, PSLE, PFE was PSLE > PWE > PFE (from high to low).
(3) the stomach toxic effect
The stomach toxic effect of PWE, PSLE, PFE was 56.04%、57.89%、51.97% respectively, after 48h, and was 65.08%、68.04%、63.97% respectively, after 72h. The stomach toxic Effect of three extracts were PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).
(4) the Effect of inhibit pupal weigh and pupation rate
The pupation rates of PWE, PSLE, PFE was to 26.32%、25.97%、24.97%, respectively. The pupal weight of diamondback moth was significantly(P=0.05,DMRT) inhibited by these extract which resulted in ten pupal weight of diamondback moth was 0.0211、0.0191、0.0241g, respectively. The pupation of these three extract was PFE > PWE > PSLE(from high to low) . The pupal weight of diamondback moth was PSLE > PWE > PFE(from high to low).
The result of the bioassay shows that, the oviposition repellency rate , stomach toxic Effect, the Effect of inhibit pupal weight of PSLE is higher(better) than PWE and PFE. And the non-selective antifeedant Effect, reduce pupation rate of PFE is higher than PWE and PSLE.
4 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PWE, PSLE and PFE The chemical components of PWE, PSLE and PFE were analyzed by GC/MS. 40、44、53 compounds were identified from PWE, PSLE and PFE, respectively. Sesquiterpenes were major components, with relative amount of 34.373%(10 types) in PWE,34.397%(17 types)in PSLE、53.520%(22 types)in PFE;alcohol relative amount of 24.913%(14 types)in PWE, 21.467%(5 types)in PSLE、12.539%(7 types)in PFE;ketone relative amount of 26.249%(3 types)in PWE、5.227%(3 types)in PSLE,1.288%(4 types)in PFE et. al.
21 common components were found by compare PSLE with PFE. The common components Were 1,1-Diethoxy-2-butene;Propane, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methyl-;1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate;1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-,; Butane, 1-diethoxy-3-methyl-;2-.BETA.-PINENE;dl-Limonene;Z-.beta.-ocimene; .gamma.-Terpinene;.beta.-Cubebene;trans-Caryophyllene; .alpha.-Amorphene;.alpha.-Humulene ;Valencene;.alpha.-Cubebene ; GERMACRENE-D;.beta.-elemene;t-Cadinol;aromadendrene;Ethyl linoleate;ETHYL LINOLEOLATE;
5 Bioactivity of the essential oil from the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp) and Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia) against diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella).
(1) oviposition repellency rate
When the concentration of the Praxelis clematidea(Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp)(PCE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 84.00%、72.70%、58.09%、36.77%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 75.20%、61.62%、53.01%、32.17% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the Bitterweed(Ambrosia artemissifolia)(BE) essential oil was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the oviposition repellency rate of BE against diamondback moth was 92.23%、75.67%、67.15%、53.74%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 81.39%、66.41%、51.69%、37.35% respectively, after 48 hours.
(2) The non-selective antifeedant effect
When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of PCE against diamondback moth was 87.45%、75.57%、71.29%、56.24%,respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 80.20%、63.36%、51.96%、34.97% respectively, after 48 hours. When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the non-selective antifeedant rate of BE against diamondback moth was 83.89%、73.75%、65.53%、51.14%, respectively, after 24 hours, and reduced to 7.19%、62.69%、45.74%、30.80%, respectively, after 48 hours.
(3) fumigating toxicity
The essential oil show strong fumigating toxicity.
When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、85.60%、74.22%、62.99%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、92.90%、80.21%、74.21% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 100.00%、81.34%、73.91%、58.85%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 100.00%、91.13%、79.27%、69.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.
(4)the contact toxicity When the concentration of the PCE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of PCE against diamondback moth was71.89%、55.33%、22.65%、8.81%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 77.86%、68.06%、31.70%、13.55% respectively, after 48 hours.
When the concentration of the BE was 5.00 mg/L、2.50 mg/L、1.25 mg/L、0.63 mg/L, the correct mortality of BE against diamondback moth was 60.36%、34.20%、15.05%、7.15%, respectively, after 24 hours, and increased to 73.17%、54.09%、30.95%、24.55%, respectively, after 48 hours.
6 The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry analysis of PCE and BE. The chemical components of PCE were analyzed by GC/MS. 42 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 3-Pentanol, 3-methyl-,with relative amount of 15.454% , alcohol relative amount of 39.852% (11 types)in PWE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 17.644%(8 types) in PWE, including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%).
The chemical components of BE were analyzed by GC/MS. 41 compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropane,with relative amount of 18.923% , alcohol relative amount of 17.342% (8 types)in BE. Sesquiterpenes with relative amount of 9.638%(6 types) in BE,
including .alpha.-Copaene(0.23%);.beta.-elemene(1.865%);.delta.-Cadinene2.667%;valencene0.314%;.beta.-Selinene0.560%;.beta.-elemene(7.967%);.alpha.-Guaiene(3.483%);(+)-Vitrene(0.558%)。
(-)-CARYOPHYLLEN- (minim);valencene(0.322%);Aromadendrene(minim);.beta.-elemene(8.259%);Junipene(1.047%);(+) longicyclene(minim)。
引文
[1]岑伊静,叶峻铭,徐长宝,等.柑橘木虱对几种非嗜食植物挥发油的趋性反应测定.华南农业大学学报.2005,26(3):41-43
[2]陈伟,兰国玉,安锋,等.海南外来杂草—假臭草群落生态位特征研究.西北林学院学报.2007, 22(2):24-27
[3]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对三种鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性.植物保护学报,2002,29(3):223-228
[4]李光义,喻龙,邓晓.假臭草化感作用研究.杂草科学.2006,4:19-20
[5]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002,164
[6]马瑞君,朱慧,陈丹生,等.入侵杂草五爪金龙的除草剂植物筛选.中国生态农业学报.2008,16(2):391-395
[7]钱华,高智慧,王国英,等.不同栽培环境中大蕁麻根乙醇提取物化学成分的变化.中国现代中药.2006,8(5):10-12.
[8]钱华,高智慧,王国英.大蕁麻根、茎叶乙醇提取物化学成分的GC/MS研究.浙江林业科技,2006,26(3):31-33.
[9]秦新生,严岳鸿,陈红峰,等.海南植物增补(Ⅷ).华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 25(1):122-123.
[10]王朋,梁文举,孔垂华,等.外来杂草入侵的化学机制.应用生态学报.2004, 15(4):707-711.
[11]王真辉,安锋,陈秋波.外来入侵杂草—假臭草.热带农业科学,2006,26(6):33-37.
[12]魏辉,侯有明.非嗜食植物次生物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和拒食作用的研究.应用生态学报, 2004,15(3):473-476.
[13]吴世捷,高力行.不受欢迎的生物多样性:香港的外来植物物种.生物多样性,2002, 10(1):109-119.
[14]蔡霞,施祖华,施英利.水葫芦乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生物活性.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2005, 31(5):567-571.
[15]蔡霞,施祖华,施英利.水葫芦乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生物活性.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2005, 31(5):567-571.
[16]岑伊静,叶峻铭,徐长宝,等.柑橘木虱对几种非嗜食植物挥发油的趋性反应测定.华南农业大学学报.2005,26(3):41-44.
[17]岑伊静,厐雄飞,张茂新等.26种非嗜食植物乙醇提取物对柑桔潜叶蛾的产卵驱避作用.华南农业大学学报,2003,24(3):27-29.
[18]岑伊静,庞雄飞,凌冰,等.薇苷菊提取物对桔全爪螨的产卵驱避作用及有效组分分析.生态学报,2004,24(11):2542-2547.
[19]岑伊静.非嗜食植物次生物质对柑桔主要害虫的控制作用.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2002
[20]陈冀胜,郑硕编.中国有毒植物.北京:科学出版社,1987
[21]陈立,徐汉虹,赵善欢.甘蓝叶碟厚度对昆虫拒食剂拒食活性的影响.华中农业大学学报,2000,19(1):12-14.
[22]陈伟,兰国玉,安锋等.海南外来杂草—假臭草群落生态位特征研究.西北林学院学报.2007, 22(2):24-27.
[23]陈贤兴,等.豚草对几种经济作物的生化他感作用[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版), 2OO3, 21(1):69—73.
[24]陈彦,朱奇,刘树真.植物对虫害的超越补偿作用.生物学通讯, 2000, 35(5):19-21.
[25]陈泽坦,符悦冠,骆焱平.蟛蜞菊抽提物对花生蚜忌避及毒杀作用.热带作物学报.2003, 24(3):51-53.
[26]陈泽坦.飞机草粗提物对棉铃虫的生物活性.农药, 2003, 42(4):45.
[27]陈宗懋,许宁,韩宝瑜,等.茶树-害虫-天敌间的化学信息联系.茶叶科学,2003,23(增):38-45.
[28]陈宗麒,缪森,罗开君.小菜蛾群体繁殖技术.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(1):68-70.
[29]崔德君,赵善欢,刘新清.万寿菊粗提物对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用的研究.农药,1998,37(6):31-35.
[30]达平馥,洪焰泉.紫茎泽兰的危害及研究利用近况.林业调查规划,2003,28(1):95-98.
[31]邓业成,徐汉虹.53种植物提取物对褐飞虱的杀虫活性测定.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 27(5):668-671.
[32]邓业成,徐汉虹.银杏提取物对3种农业害虫的触杀活性.华南农业大学学报, 2004, 25(3):61-63.
[33]丁红建,郭予元,吴才宏.用于昆虫嗅觉行为研究的四臂嗅觉仪的设计、制作和应用.昆虫知识,1996,33(4):241-243.
[34]丁建红,吴才宏,郭予元.棉铃虫成虫对寄主植物挥发性它感信息物的嗅觉行为研究[A].何礼远.植物病虫害生物学研究进展[c].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 1995.163—116.
[35]丁智慧张学镅刘吉开,等.飞机草中的化学成分.天然产物研究和开发.2001,13(5):22-24.
[36]董红霞,王敬淑,刘光华等.植物次生化合物在害虫防治中的作用.仲恺农业技术学院,2005,18(2):65-71.
[37]董易之,张茂新,凌冰.马缨丹总岩茨烯对小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用.应用生态学报.2005,16(12):2361-2364.
[38]杜家纬.昆虫信息素及其应用.北京:中国林业出版社, 1988.
[39]杜家纬.植物-昆虫间的化学通讯及其行为控制.植物生理学报,2001,27(3):193-200.
[40]杜家纬.植物一昆虫间的化学通讯及其行为控制.植物生理学报, 2001, 27(3):193—200.
[41]杜永均,严福顺.植物挥发性次生物质在植食性昆虫、寄主植物和昆虫天敌关系中的作用机理[J].昆虫学报,1994 ,37(2) :233 - 245.
[42]段惠萍,等.豚草生物学特性、为害习性及防除策略.上海农业学报, 2OOO, 16(3):73—77.
[43]方开泰,王元.均匀设计与均匀设计表.北京:科学出版社,12-15.
[44]冯惠玲,李勇,叶万辉,等.深圳薇甘菊茎叶精油的化学成分.中草药.2004, 35(1):17-18.
[45]傅俊范.中国外来有害生物入侵现状及控制对策.沈阳农业大学学报, 2005, 36(4):387-39l.
[46]高锦明.植物化学.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[47]高泽正,吴伟坚,吴建雄,等.固相微萃取气质联用分析马缨丹花的挥发性化学成分.中草药, 2004, 35(12):1338-1339.
[48]耿亚鹏,张惠敏,李小川.固相微萃取技术及其在分析中的应用.河北化工.2007,30(3):52-54.
[49]谷文详,何衍彪,何庭玉,等.苦槛蓝提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性.应用生态学报, 2004.15(7):1171-1173.
[50]关万鹏.植食性昆虫对寄主植物的发现.沈阳农业大学学报, 1995, 26(2):233-236.
[51]桂连友,陈宗懋,刘树生.外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导茶树挥发物对昆虫寄主选择行为的影响.茶叶科学, 2004, 24(3):166-171.
[52]郭琼霞,陈颖,沈荔花,等.加拿大一枝黄花对豆类和蔬菜的化感作用研究.检验检疫科学.2006,16(6):10-12.
[53]郭琼霞,黄可辉,刘景苗.豚草属杂草的研究概况与分析.武夷科学.2004,20:165-172.
[54]韩宝瑜,张钟宁.小菜蛾化学生态学研究进展与展望.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(3):177-181.
[55]何军,马志卿,张兴.植物源农药概述.西北农业大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(9):79-85.
[56]何衍彪,谷文祥,庞雄飞.飞机草和苦槛蓝中的黄酮类提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性.热带农业科学,2003,23(6):19-25
[57]侯华民,冯俊涛,陈安良.植物精油对几种害虫的毒杀活性[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2002 ,14 (6) : 27230.
[58]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对三种鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性.植物保护学报.2002,29(3):223-228
[59]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对玉米象的熏蒸和种群抑制活性研究.粮食贮藏,2001,30(3):8-10
[60]侯华民,张兴.植物精油杀虫活性的研究进展.世界农业.2001,4:40-42
[61]侯华民.植物精油防治害虫的研究现状.江苏农药,2000,1:24-26
[62]胡珊,程东美,徐汉虹,等.昆虫拒食中浓度和抑食中浓度的统计基础分析.广东农业科学.2007,4:60-62
[63]黄可辉,虞贇,黄振,等.加拿大一枝黄花的传入风险与管理对策研究.检验检疫科学.2007,17,(1-2):95-97
[64]黄天芳.植物次生物质对于植物生存的重要作用.生物学杂志.2003,20(5)
[65]嵇保中,孙云霄.印楝质杀虫剂的生物活性及作用机制研究进展.中国森林病虫,2002,21(6)23-28
[66]江定心,徐汉虹,侯慧.植物源昆虫剂及其在IPM中的应用.世界农药,2004,26(3):6-8
[67]江贵波,曾任森.外来入侵植物的危害及防治.安徽农业科学.2006, 34(2):273-274
[68]焦懿.植物次生物质对十字花科蔬菜害虫的控制作用.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2000
[69]康乐,T.L. Hopkins.黑蝗初孵蝗蝻对植物气味和植物挥发性化合物的行为和嗅觉反应.科学通报,2004,49(1):81-85
[70]康乐.植物对昆虫的化学防御.植物学通讯, 1995, 12(4):22-27
[71]康乐.环境胁迫下的昆虫-植物相互关系.生态学杂志, 1995, 14(5):51-57
[72]柯礼道,方菊连.小菜蛾的生物学研究:生活史、世代数及温度关系.昆虫学报, 1979, 22(3):310-318
[73]柯礼道,方菊连.应用发芽菜籽大量饲养小菜蛾.昆虫知识.1981, 18(5):233-235
[74]孔垂华,徐效华.有机物的分离和结构鉴定.北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[75]乐海洋,赵善欢.几种菊科植物提取物对蚊幼虫的光活化活性初试.华南农业大学学报, 1997, 18(1):20-24
[76]乐海洋.菊科杀虫植物的化学和毒理学.农药译丛,1997,19(3):32-38
[77]乐海洋.菊科植物对蚊虫和菜粉蝶的光活化活性研究:[学位论文], 1995,广州:华南农业大学
[78]乐海洋.胜红蓟、万寿菊和柔毛水彭提取物对农业害虫生物活性初探.1992, (6):34-36
[79]雷宏.昆虫对宿主植物的嗅觉定向.生物学通报,1995,30(3):9-11
[80]雷喜红,杨伟等.几种农药防治茶小绿叶蝉药效试验.安徽农业科学.2008,36(3):1111-1116
[81]李典谟,周立阳.协同进化——昆虫与植物的关系.昆虫知识, 1997, 34(1):45—49
[82]李光义,喻龙,邓晓.假臭草化感作用研究.杂草科学.2006,4:19-20
[83]李会新,魏木山,易平淡,等.25种植物精油对四纹豆象的防治效果.粮食储藏, 2001(6):7-9
[84]李江红,尤民生.昆虫授粉研究与应用概述.福建农业大学学报, 1999, 28(4):492—497
[85]李绍文编著.生态生物化学.北京:北京大学出版社,2001
[86]李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1995, 24
[87]李月红,刘树生.植食性昆虫的学习行为.昆虫学报, 2004, 47(1):106-116
[88]李云寿,邹华英,佴注,等.紫茎泽兰精油各馏分对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性.西南农业大学学报.2000, 22(4):331-332.
[89]李云寿,邹华英,汪禄祥等,紫茎泽兰提取物对四种储粮害虫的杀虫活性.昆虫知识,2001,38(3):214-216.
[90]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002,164.
[91]林成俊,郭焕佳,庞淇尹.入侵植物假臭草化感物质的分离及鉴定.安徽农业可续, 2008, 36(9):3497-3498
[92]凌冰,张茂新,孔垂华,等.飞机草挥发油的化学组成及其对植物、真菌和昆虫生长的影响.应用生态学报,2003,14(5):744-746.
[93]刘传秀,韩招久,李凤良,等.应用蛭石萝卜法室内继代大量繁殖小菜蛾的研究.昆虫知识, 1993, 30(6):341-344
[94]刘芳,娄永根,程家安.虫害诱导的植物挥发物:植物与植食性昆虫及其天敌相互作用的进化产物.昆虫知识, 2003, 40(6):481—486
[95]刘静玲,等.豚草生态学特性及生防对策[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版), 1997, (3):6l-67.
[96]刘晓妹,蒲金基,蒙美英.飞机草不同溶剂粗提物抑菌活性的测定.广西热带农业,2004,6:1-3
[97]刘学文,徐汉虹,鞠荣,等.植物精油在农药领域中的研究进展.香料香精化妆品, 2004, 2:36-39
[98]刘源,周光宏,王锡昌,等.顶空固相微萃取气质联用分析香葱挥发性风味成分.中国调味品.2007,9:62-64
[99]刘源,周光宏,徐幸莲.固相微萃取及其在食品分析中的应用.食品与发酵工业,,2003,29(7):83-87
[100]娄永根,程家安.虫害诱导的植物挥发物:基本特性、生态学功能及释放机制.生态学报, 2000, 20(6):1097-1106
[101]娄永根,程家安.他感化合物的进化生态学及其在害虫综合治理中的应用前景.1996b,中国有害生物综合治理论文集,北京:中国农业科技出版社.136 143
[102]娄永根,程家安.植物的诱导抗虫性.昆虫学报, 1997a, 4O(3):320—327
[103]娄永根,程家安.植物一植食性昆虫一天敌三营养层次的相互作用及其研究.应用生态学报, 1997b, 8(3):325 331
[104]娄永根,程家安.它感化合物的进化生态学及其在害虫综合治理中的应用前景.中国有害生物综合治理论文集.北京:中国农业出版社, 1996,134-136
[105]鲁玉杰,张孝羲.信息化合物对昆虫行为的影响.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(4):262-266
[106]吕怡兵, ,闫雪,王洋,等.三裂叶豚草花序挥发成分的GC—MS分析.分析测试学报, 1999, 18 (2) : 42-44
[107]吕仲贤,杨樟法,胡萃.玉米花粉对螟长距茧蜂成虫寿命的影响.华东昆虫学报, 1995, 4(2):61-64
[108]马瑞君,朱慧,陈丹生,等.入侵杂草五爪金龙的除草剂植物筛选.中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(2):391-395
[109]马文儒.植物与昆虫的协同进化.生物学通报, 1993, 28(4):6-7, 15
[110]倪斌.中国植物源杀虫剂研究进展.安徽农学通报.2007,13(17:165)
[111]欧剑峰,黄鸿,徐洁莲,等.薇甘菊对桔小实蝇的驱避试验初报.昆虫天敌, 2005, 27(4):183-187
[112]庞雄飞,冼继东,张茂新.驱避剂在保护植物免受虫害的作用[A].李典谟.走向21世纪的中国昆虫学——中国昆虫学会2O0O年学术年会论文集[c].北京:中国科技出版社, 2O0O.436—441.
[113]庞雄飞,张茂新,侯有明等.职务保护剂防治害虫效果的评价方法.应用生态学报,2000,11(2):108-110
[114]庞雄飞.植物保护剂与植物免害工程——异源次生化合物在害虫防治中的应用.世界科技研究与发展,1999,21(2):24-28
[115]彭海辉,冼继东,曾玲,等.荔枝蒂蛀虫对寄主植物乙醇提取物的触角电位反应.华南农业大学学报,2006,27(2):25-27
[116]彭金英,黄勇平.植食性昆虫诱导的挥发物及其在植物通讯中的作用.植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(5):679-683
[117]彭少膦,南蓬,钟扬.高等植物中的萜类化合物及其在生态系统中的作用.生态学杂志, 2002, 21(3):33- 38
[118]彭跃峰,庞雄飞.飞机草提取物对小菜蛾产卵驱避活性的研究.资源开发与市场.2004,20(5): 325-327.
[119]彭跃峰,庞雄飞.非嗜食植物次生物质对小菜蛾实验种群的干扰作用.湖北植保.2004,(3):1-3
[120]彭跃峰.非嗜食植物次生化合物对小菜蛾实验种群的干扰作用.华南农业学报.2005,26(1):56-59
[121]钱华,高智慧,王国英,等.不同栽培环境中大蕁麻根乙醇提取物化学成分的变化.中国现代中药.2006,8(5):10-12
[122]钱华,高智慧,王国英.大蕁麻根、茎叶乙醇提取物化学成分的GC/MS研究.浙江林业科技,2006,26(3):31-33
[123]钦俊德,昆虫与植物关系.北京:科学出版社,1987.1-15
[124]钦俊德,王琛柱.论昆虫与植物相互作用和进化的关系.昆虫学报, 2001,33(3):360-365
[125]钦俊德,王琛柱.植物对昆虫的化学防御.科学前沿, 36-38
[126]钦俊德.昆虫与寄主植物的适应性及协调进化.生物学通报, 96, 31(1):1-3
[127]钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系——论昆虫与植物的相互关系及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987
[128]钦俊德.昆虫与植物关系的研究进展和前景.动物学报,95,42(1):12-20
[129]钦俊德.诠释植食性昆虫是怎样选择食料植物的.生物学通报,2003,38(6):1-3
[130]钦俊德.植物对昆虫的防御作用.钦俊德著昆虫与植物的关系——论昆虫与植物的相互作用及演化.北京:科学出版社,1987,38-61
[131]秦新生,严岳鸿,陈红峰,等.海南植物增补(Ⅷ).华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 25(1):122-123
[132]任立云,曾玲,张茂新.马缨丹提取物对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的驱避作用.华南农业大学学报.2005,26(1):53-59.
[133]任立云,曾玲,陆永跃,等.马缨丹挥发油成分及其对美洲斑前应成虫产卵取食行为的影响.广西农业生物科学.2006,25(1):43-47.
[134]荣晓东,徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物性杀虫剂印楝的研究进展.农药学学报,2002,12(2):9-14
[135]沈立荣,李红艳,冯凤琴,等135种植物精油对腌肉咸鲞害虫丝光绿蝇的杀卵作用[ J]浙江农业学报, 2007, 19 ( 4) : 284- 288
[136]史刚荣.次生物质在植物与昆虫协同作用进化中的意义.生物学杂志.1994,6(4):11-13
[137]覃伟权,张茂新,凌冰等.3种热带杂草挥发油干扰小菜蛾行为的研究.华南农业大学学报, 2004, 25(4):39-42
[138]汤富彬,陈宗懋,罗逢健,等.固相萃取-气相色谱法检测茶叶中的有机磷农药残留量.分析试验室, 2007, 26(2):43-47
[139]田胜尼,刘登义,彭少麟.植物外来种的入侵及防治对策.安徽农学通报, 2003, 9(6):89-92, 95
[140]田扬光.有机茶病虫害防治技术.现代农业科技.2006(12):75
[141]童红云,赵善欢.雷公藤对菜青虫的毒理效应及防治试验[J].华南农业大学学报, 1988, 9(4):14-20.
[142]万方浩,等.豚草在我国的发生、危害及其防治[J].农业科技通讯, 1988, (5):24-25.
[143]万方浩,郑小波,郭建英.重要农林外来入侵物种的生物学与控制.北京:科学出版社, 2005.769-796
[144]王琛柱,钦俊德.昆虫与植物相互作用的研究进展.世界农业,1998,4:33-35
[145]王大力,祝心如.豚草的化感作用.生态学报,1996,16(1)11-19
[146]王大力,祝心如.豚草和三裂叶豚草挥发物成分的GC和GC/MS分析.质谱学报, 1996, 17(3):37-41
[147]王德利.植物与草食动物之间的协同适应及进化.生态学报, 2004, 24(11):2641-2648
[148]王海波.昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式.生态学杂志, 1993, 12(6):46—48
[149]王海丽,徐汉虹,黄彰欣.唐古特瑞香叶提取物对菜粉蝶的毒杀作用及防治试验.广东农业科学, 2001, 5:41-43
[150]王开金,李宁,陈列忠,等.加拿大一枝黄花精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):34-36
[151]王萌长主编.昆虫生物化学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001
[152]王朋,梁文举,孔垂华,等.外来杂草入侵的化学机制.应用生态学报,2004,15(4):707-711
[153]王庆森,吴光远,曾明森,余素红.苦参素防治茶树主要害虫的效果.武夷科学.2002,18:191-195
[154]王问学,莫建初.树木对昆虫的诱导抗性.森林病虫通讯, 1998, 4:35-37
[155]王香萍,方宇凌,张钟宁.小菜蛾对合成植物挥发物的活性反应.昆虫学报
[156]王新国,徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物源光活化杀虫剂研究新进展.西安联合大学学报, 2001, 2(4):5-11
[157]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒对菜粉蝶生物活性的研究.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(2):264-265,268
[158]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒防治菜粉蝶的研究.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(3):452-453
[159]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒杀虫活性成分的提取和分离.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(4):671-672
[160]王一丁,高平,张其红,等.紫茎泽兰灭蚜活性物质的分离、纯化及其对棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响.高技术通讯, 2002, (9):2 1—23
[161]王一丁,高平,郑勇,等.紫茎泽兰提取物对棉蚜的毒力及其灭蚜机理研究.植物保护学报, 2002, 29(4):337-340.
[162]王真辉,安锋,陈秋波.外来入侵杂草—假臭草.热带农业科学,2006,26(6):33-37
[163]魏辉,侯有明,杨广,等.非嗜食植物次生化合物对小菜蛾的忌避和拒食作用的研究.应用生态学报, 2004, 15(3):473-476.
[164]吴世捷,高力行.不受欢迎的生物多样性:香港的外来植物物种.生物多样性,2002, 10(1):109-119
[165]吴寿金,赵泰,秦永祺主编.中草药成分化学.中国医药出版社.2001
[166]夏文孝,何伟,文光裕.加拿大一枝黄花精油成分.植物学通报.1999,16(2):178-181
[167]谢寿安,张雅林,袁锋,吕淑杰.我国昆虫多样性的保护和利用.西北林学院学报, 2001, 16(2):50-53
[168]徐海根,强胜,韩正敏,等.中国外来入侵物种的分布与传入途径分析.生物多样性,2004,12(6):626-638
[169]徐汉虹,张志祥,程东美.植物源农药与农业可持续发展.科技导论.2002,7:42-43
[170]徐汉虹,张志祥.中国植物性农药的开发前景.农药.2003,42(3):1-10
[171]徐汉虹,赵善欢.齿叶黄皮精油的杀虫作用与有效成分研究.华南农业大学学报.1994,15(2):56-61
[172]徐汉虹,赵善欢.光活化毒素与杀虫剂开发的新领域.华南农业大学学报, 1995, 16(1):127—132
[173]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在仓库害虫防治上的应用.粮食贮藏,1993,22(2):5-8
[174]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在害虫防治上的应用.天然产物研究与开发,1994,6(1):82-86
[175]徐汉虹,赵善欢.猪毛蒿精油的杀虫作用研究.华南农业大学学报,1993,14(1):97-102
[176]徐汉虹,赵善欢.利用植物精油防治害虫的研究进展.华南农业大学学报.1993, 14(4):145-154
[177]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在害虫防治上的应用.天然产物研究与开发, 1994, 6(1):82-88
[178]徐汉虹.杀虫植物与植物性杀虫剂[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2001:289-309.
[179]徐汉卿主编.植物学.北京:中国农业大学出版社.1994.7
[180]徐河山,马雅军.植物源杀虫剂作用方式和机理的研究进展.热带医学杂志, 2006(6):743-744
[181]薛皎亮,谢映平,刘计权,王金胜,冀卫荣.鞘蛾危害后诱导华北落叶松体内化学物质变化的研究.林业科学, 2000, 36(4):46—50
[182]闫艳春,乔传令,钱传范.小菜蛾抗药性研究进展.昆虫知识, 1997,37(5):310-315
[183]严善春,张丹丹,迟德富.植物挥发性物质对昆虫作用的研究进展.应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2):310-313
[184]阎凤鸣.化学生态学.北京:科学出版社,2003
[185]颜振敏,侯有明,罗万春.马缨丹提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性.昆虫知识.2005,42(6):664-668.
[186]杨长龙,江世宏,徐汉虹.植物源驱避剂研究进展.植物保护.2006,32(6):4-9
[187]杨成云,王瑞武,赵桂仿,杨大荣.非传粉小蜂的食性及其对榕树—传粉小蜂系统稳定性的影响.动物学研究, 2005, 26(4):379—385
[188]杨东鹏,杜相革,,董民,等.广西百色地区有机茶园中主要害虫发生规律及防治技术的研究.中国农学通报.2004,20(2):56-58.
[189]杨逢建,王纪坤,张莹,等.林业有害植物豚草挥发油GC-MS成分分析.植物研究.2005, 25(4):457-459
[190]杨广,关雄, WANG-PRUSKI Ge-fu,魏辉,尤民生.植物诱导抗虫基因研究进展.农业生物技术学报.2007,15(1):157-166
[191]杨广,尤民生.小菜蛾对蔬菜气味的定向行为.武夷科学.2002, 18:73-79
[192]杨怀文主编.迈入二十一世纪的中国生物防治.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2005, 337-340
[193]姚英娟,薛东,杨长举.昆虫行为与信息化合物关系的研究进展.华中农业大学学报, 2004, 23(4):478—482
[194]尤民生,侯有明,魏辉,等.植物诱导防御的空间和时间效应.武夷科学, 2000, 16, 195-201
[195]尤民生,侯有明,杨广.小菜蛾种群系统控制.福建科学技术出版社.
[196]余宇平,梁家社,何大愚.紫茎泽兰防除方法的进展.杂草学报, 1988, 2(2):39-40
[197]曾玲,冼继东,梁广文.马缨丹乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制作用.昆虫知识.2005,42(5):537-540.
[198]曾明森,吴光远.0.5%藜芦碱可湿性粉剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉茶蚜试验结果.2007,3:6-7
[199]张国洲,王亚维,徐汉虹等.瑞香狼毒提取物对菜粉蝶的产卵忌避与杀卵作用.安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):623,628
[200]张海燕,邓永学,王进军,等.植物精油对谷蠹成虫熏蒸活性的研究[ J].西南农业大学学报.2004, 26 (4) : 423 - 425
[201]张劲松,李博,陈家宽,等.加拿大一枝黄花挥发油成分及其抗菌活性[J].复旦学报:自然科学版,2006,45(3):412-416
[202]张茂新,凌冰,孔垂华等.薇甘菊挥发油的化学成分及其对昆虫的生物活性.应用生态学报,2003,14(1):93-96
[203]张茂新,凌冰,曾玲,等.六种植物叶片中葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响.生态学报,2004,2564-2568
[204]张润志,康乐.外来物种入侵的预警与立法管理.科技与社会.2003(6):413-415
[205]张庭英,徐汉虹,黄继光,等.植物中鱼藤酮含量随生长期和地域的变化.华南农业大学学报.2006, 27(3):48-50
[206]张文辉,刘光杰.植物抗虫性次生物质的研究概况.植物学通报, 2003, 20(5):522-530
[207]张兴,赵善欢.几种植物性物质对米象、玉米象的初步防治试验.粮食贮藏.1989,12(1):1-8
[208]张兴,赵善欢.楝科植物对几种害虫的拒食和忌避作用.华南农业大学学报,1983,4(3):1-7
[209]张兴.试论无公害农药.西北农业大学学报,1995,23(6):90-95
[210]张兴.赵善欢.川楝素对菜青虫体内几种酶系活性的影响[J].昆虫学报, 1992, 35(2):171—176.
[211]张兴.植物性农药在生防中的地位和作用.世界农业,1996,1:31-32
[212]张瑛,严福顺.虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用[J] .昆虫学报,1998,41(2):204 - 213.
[213]张志祥,程东美,徐汉虹.印楝杀虫活性物质在植物中的系统性分布.广东农业科学.2007,1:48-54
[214]赵冬香,陈宗懋,程家安.茶树-假眼小绿叶蝉-白斑猎蛛间化学通讯物的分离与活性鉴定.茶叶科学,2002,22(2):109-114
[215]赵冬香,高景林,陈宗懋,等.假眼小绿叶蝉对茶树挥发物的定向行为反应.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 23(4):27-29
[216]赵冬香,高景林,陈宗懋.植食性昆虫对寄主植物的定向行为研究进展.热带农业科学, 2004, 24(2):62-68
[217]赵冬香,高景林,徐汉虹,等.印楝对假眼小绿叶蝉鸣声通讯影响的研究.茶叶科学.2005,25(2):136-140
[218]赵冬香,高景林,徐汉虹.鱼藤根提取物对假眼小绿叶蝉的防治.热带作物学报, 2005, 26(4):86-89
[219]赵冬香,徐汉虹,高景林,等,印楝提取物对假眼小绿叶蝉的生物活性研究.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版).2003,24(3):30-32
[220]赵国强,刘晓光,罗梅浩.昆虫对寄主植物选择的化学感受机制.河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,27(4):80-83
[221]赵辉,张茂新,凌冰,等.非寄主植物挥发油对黄曲条跳甲成虫嗅觉、取食及产卵行为的影响[J] .华南农业大学学报(自然科学版) ,2003 ,24(2) :38 - 40.
[222]赵磊,杜娟,刘素琪,等.地肤子粗提物对小菜蛾的拒食作用.山西农业科学, 2008, 36(10):38-39
[223]赵善欢,黄炳球,胡美英.几种楝科植物种核油对褐稻虱的拒食作用试验.昆虫学报, 1983, 26(1):1-9
[224]赵善欢,万树青.杀虫植物的研究及应用进展.广东农业科学.1997,1:26-28
[225]赵善欢.植物化学保护(第三版).中国农业出版社, 1999.
[226]赵云鲜,康乐.多食性斑潜蝇对寄主植物的选择.昆虫学报, 2001, 44(4):567-573
[227]甄文全,朱朝东,杨大荣,黄大卫.传粉榕小蜂与榕树的繁衍,昆虫学报, 2004, 47(1):99—105
[228]郑浩,杨长举,华红霞等.与昆虫有关的植物挥发性次生物质的研究方法.昆虫知识,2002,39(1):9-13
[229]郑湘如,王丽.植物学(第2版).北京:中国农业大学出版社.2006.12
[230]中国植物志[M].第75卷,北京:科学出版社, 330
[231]周海梅,谢培山,李朴,等.不同栽培类型菊花挥发性成分的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析.解放军药学学报.2008,24(1):33-36
[232]周利娟,黄继光,安玉兴,等.我国29种特有植物的杀虫活性初探.植物保护学报, 2006, 33(1):87-93
[233]周利娟,黄继光,徐汉虹,等.几种植物的杀虫活性初探.农药,2006,46(5):347-349
[234]周琼.植物次生物质对蔬菜主要蚜虫的控制作用研究.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2002
[235]周天雄,杨美林,顾芳.紫茎泽兰提取物对小菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食活性测定.云南农业大学学报.2003,18(3):260-263.
[236]周新生,严福顺.关于植物因昆虫取食所诱导的求救信号.昆虫知识, 2004, 41(6):610—612
[237]朱彩云,梁明龙,郭景,等.蟛蜞菊粗提物对玉米螟拒食作用研究初报.中国农学通报,2006,22(1):264-265.
[238]朱芬,雷朝亮,王健.黄花蒿粗提物对几种害虫拒食性的初步研究.昆虫天敌,2003,25(1):16-19
[239]朱海涛,陈黎,徐自良,等.DPS数据处理系统在药学研究数据处理中的应用.医学导报, 2006, 25(4):363-365
[240]朱麟,古德祥,吴海昌.昆虫对植物次生性物质德生态适应机制.福建林业科技, 1998, 25(2):59—62
[241]邹先伟,蒋志胜.杀虫植物的研究新进展及应用发展前景.农药, 2004, 43(11):481-486
[242]Agrawal AA. Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species[J]. Science, 2001, 294:321-26.
[243]Antest, M. C., Mckey, M. H., Kjellberg, F. Figs and fig pollinators: evolutionary conflicts in a coevolved mutualism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1997, 12: 94-99.
[244]Arthur C L, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers[J]. J. Chomatog.A.2000, 889: 3-14.
[247]Aslan I , Ozerk H , Calmasur O , et al . Toxicity of essential oil vapours to two greenhouse pest s : Tet ranychus urt icae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn [J] . Indust rial Crops and Products , 2004, 19: 167-173.
[248]Auge H.Brandl R.1997.Seedhug recruitment in the invasive clonal shrub, Mahonia aquifollum Pursh(Natt).Oecologia, 110:205- 211.
[249]Bais HP, Vepachedu R, et a1.2003.Allelopathy and exotic plant in VaSion:from molecules and genes to species interactions.Science.301:377-138.
[250]Bais HP.W alker TS.et a1.2002.Enan tiomeric-dependent phyto.toxic and antimicmbial activity of catechin.Arhosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiol. 128:1173-1179.
[251]Bamba D , Bessier J M, Marion C , et al. Essential oil of Eupatorium odoratum[J] . Planta Medica ,1993 ,59(2): 184-185.
[252]Basset I.s.et.a1.Biology of Ambrosiatrifida Can J.Plant sci. [J]. 1982, 62:1003-1010.
[253]Baur R., Feeny P., Staedler E. J. Chem Ecol., 1993,19(5): 919-937.
[254]Benthey R. Secondary metabolites play primary roles in human aftairs.Prospect Biol Med, 1997, 40:197-221.
[255]Blossey Bernd. N0tzold Rolf. Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants:a hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83(5):887-889.
[256]Blumberg D., Kehat M., Goldenbert S. et al. Environ. Entomol., 1993, 2294:837-842.
[257]Bouda H , Tapondjou L A , Fontem D A , et al. Effect of essential oil from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides , Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera , Curculionidae) [J] . J Stor Prod Res ,2001 ,37 :109.
[258]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein- dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976(72):248-254.
[259]BradleyFB, JamesCR.RichardLW.et a1.Effects of peruvian maize extracts on growth, development, and fecundity of the european corn borer[J].J. Chem.Eco1, 1999, 25(6):1281-1294.
[260]Brundu G, Brock J, Camarda I, eds.2001、Plant lnvasions:Species Ecology and Ecosystem Management.Leiden:Backhuy Pubfishers.7 Burke MJW.Grime JP.1996.An experimental study of plant cornmunity invisibility. Ecology, 77:776-790.
[261]Callaway PM , Aschehong ET.2000.Invasive plan ts versus their new and old neighbors:a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science.290:521-523.
[262]Chapm an RF, 2000.Entomology in the twentieth century, Annu Rev Entomol, 45:261- 285
[263]Choi W I , L EE E H , CHOI B R , et al . Toxicity of plant essential oils to T rialeurodes vaporariorum ( Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) [J] . Journal of Economic Entomology , 2003 ,96 (5) : 1479-1484.
[264]Choi W I , L EE S G, PARK H M , et al . Toxicity of plant essential oils to Tet ranychus urticae (Acari : Tet ranychidae) andPhy toseiulus persimi lis (Acari : Phytoseiidae) [ J] . Journal of Economic Entomology , 2004 ,97 (2) :533-558.
[265]Corlett R T, Shaw J C.Praxelis clematidea yesterday South America, today Hong Kong, tomorrow the world? Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society, 1995, 20:235~ 236
[266]de Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Tumlinson JH. 2001. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females. Nature, 410:577-580.
[267]Ehrlich, P. R., Raven, P. H. Butterflies and Plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution, 1964, 18: 586-608.
[268]Fatope MO, Salihu L, Asante SK, et a1.2002.Larvicidal activity of extracts and triterpenoids from Lantana cam.ara.Pharml Biol, 40(8):564-567.
[269]Feeny P.P. Coevolution of Animals and Plants. Univ.of Texas Press.Austin and London, 1975,3-19.
[270]Gbolade A A , ADEBAYO T A. Fumigant effects of some volatile oil om fecundity and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculates F[J] . Insect Sci Appl , 1993 ,14 (5 - 6) :631 - 633.
[271]Ghisalberti F L. Lantana cameral (Verbenaceae)[J].Fitoterapia,2000,71:467-486.
[272]Gorski R. Evaluation of t he effectiveness of natural essential oils in t he monitoring of the occurrence of greenhouse whitefly( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) [J] . Journal of Plant Protection Research , 2003 , 43 (4) :393-397.
[273]Greef, J. M. Can seed protection lead to dioecy in Ficus? Oikos, 2002, 96(2): 386-388
[274]Hartlieb E., Rembold H. J. Chem. Ecol., 1996, 22(4):821-837.
[275]Hertmann T. 1996. Diversity and variability of plant secondary metabolism, a mechanistic view. Entomol Exp Appl, 80:177-188.
[276]Hsiao T H.Feeding behavior[A].Kerkui G A, Gilbert L I.Comprehensive Insect Physiology , Biochemistry and Pharmacology[C].1985.471-512.
[277]Isman M B , WAN A J , PASSREITER C M. Insecticidal activity of essential oil s to t he tobacco cutworm , S podoptera l itura[J] . Fitoterapia , 2001, 72: 65-68.
[278]Janzen, D. H. When is it coevolution. Evolution, 1980, 34: 611-612.
[279]Jermy T. The role of experience in the host selection of phytophagous insects//Chapman RF, eds. Perspectives in Chemoreception an Behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.1987.
[280]Jermy, T. Insect-host plant relationships-coevolution or sequential evolution. Symp. Biol. Hung, 1976, 16: 109-113.
[281]Kanat M , ALMA M H. Insecticidal effect s of essential oilsf rom various plant s against larvae of pine processionary mot h( Thaumetopoea pit yocampa Schiff ) (Lepidoptera : Thaumetopoeidae) [J] . Pest Management Science , 2003 ,60 :173-177.
[282]Karban R, AgrawM AA.Herbivore offense[J].Annu.Rev.Eco1.Syst, 2002, 33:641- 664.
[283]Kerdelhue, C., Rasplus, J. Y. The evolution of dicey among Ficus (Morcceae): an alternative hypothesis involvinig non-pollinating fig wasp pressure on the fig-pollinator mutualism. Oikos, 1996, 77: 163-166.
[284]Khan L R , SAXENA R C. Effect of steam distillate extracts of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars on behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera : Delphcidae) [J] . Journal of Economic Entomolgy , 1986 ,79(4) :928 - 935.
[285]Kim G, CHOI Y. Insecticidal activity of spearmint oil against T rialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci adult s[J] . Korean Journal of Applied Entomology , 2004 ,43 (4) :323-328.
[286]King R M, Robinson H. Studies in the Eupatorieae(Compositae). XXVI I I. The genus Praxelis. Phytologia, 1970.20(3):193-195
[287]Kogan M.Ecological and Integrated Pest Management Practice, John Wiley& Sons. 1986.83-84.
[288]Kostal V. Phsical and chemical factors influencing landing and oviposition by the cabbage root on host-plant models. Entomol Exp Appl. 1993, 66: 109-118.
[289]Ling Bing, Zhang Mao-xin, Pang Xiong-fei. Biological activities of the volatile oil from chromolaena odorata on fungi and insects and its chemical constituent Natural product research and development. 2003, 15(3): 183-187.
[290]Lockwood Julie L, Cassey Phillip, Blackburn Tim.The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends in Ecology an d Evolution.2005.20(5):223-228
[291]Mauchline A L , Osborne J L , Martin A P , et al .The effect s of non-host plant essential oil volatiles on t he behaviour of t he pollen beetle , Meli gethes aeneus [J] . Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata , 2005 , 114 :181-188.
[292]Miller J R,Stricker K L.Finding and accepting host plants.In:Bell W J, CardéR T. The Chemical Ecology of Insects. London: Campman and Hall, 1984:125-157
[293]Morimoto M, Kumeda S, Komai K.Insect antifeedant flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D.Don. J Agric Food Chem, 2000, 48:1888-1891
[294]Morimoto M, Kumeda S, Nakano S, et a1.Insect antifeedant activity of flavones and chromones against Spodoptera litura.J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 5 1, 389—393
[295]Nakamuta K., Leal W. S., Nakashima T. et al. J. Chem. Ecol., 1997,23(6):1635-1640
[296]Okunade A L. Ageratum conyzoides L.(asteraceae)[J].fitoterapia,2002,73:1-16.
[297]ParéP W, Lewis W J, Tumlinson J H. Induced plant volatiles: Biochemistry and effects on parasitoids. In: Agrawal A A, Tuzur S, Bent E. Induced Plant Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores Biochemistry, Ecology and Agricultural. HPS Press, 2000. 167-180
[298]Pigliucci Massimo. Evolution of phenotypic plasticity:where are we going now? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2005, 20(9):481-486
[299]Rembold H., Kohne A. C., Schroth A. J. Appl. Ent., 1991, 112:254-262
[300]Ridenour W M,Callaway R M. The relative important of allelopathy in interference: the effectsof invasive weed on a native bunchgrass Oecologia,2001,126:444-450
[301]Roughgarden, J. Theory of population genetics and evolutionary ecology. New York: Macmillan, 1979, 1-68
[302]SAAD El - Zemity, HUSSIEN Rezk, SAHER Fraok, et al.Acaricidal activities of some essential oils and theirmonoterpenoidal constituents against house dustmite, Dermatophagoides p teronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) [ J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 2006, 7(12) : 957-962.
[303]Saxena RC.Khan ZR.Aberrations caused by neem oil odour in green leafhopper feeding on rice plants[J].Ent.Exp.App1, 1986, 42:279-284.
[304]Schneider D.Plant recognition by insects : a challenge for neuro-ethological research[A].Labeyric V, Fabres G, Lachaise D.Insect-plant relationships[C].1986.117-124.
[305]Schoonhoven LM , Jermy T.van Loon JJA.Insect-Plant Biology- From Physiology to Evolution London:Chapman & Hal1.1998.
[306]Schoonhoven LM .Biological aspects of antifeedant Ent Exp Appl, 1982, 31:57- 69
[307]Schoonhoven LM, Jermy T, van Loon JJA. Insect-Plant Biology: From Physiology to Evolution. London: Chapman & Hall. 1998.
[308]Strong D. R. et al. Insects on Plants, Community Patterns and Mechanism. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984,313
[309]Swain T.Secondary compounds as protective agents. Ann. Rev. Plant physiol,1977(28):479-503
[310]Tabashnik B.E, Cushing N.L. Jihnson M.W. Diamondback moth resistance to insecticides in Hawaii: intra-island variation and cross– resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1987,80:1091-1099
[311]Tabashnik B.E. Cushing N.L, Finson N. Field development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1990,83(5):11-1676
[312]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N, Johnson M.W. Cross-resistance to BArillus thuringiensis toxin Crylf in the diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Appl.Environ. Microbio [J].1994,60(12):46
[313]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N, Johnson M.W. Heckel D.G. Prolonged selection affects stability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in the diamondback moth. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1995,88(2):219-224
[314]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N,M.W. Johnson. Managing resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis from diamond back moth(Lepidoptera:plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1991,84910:49-55
[315]Tabashnik B.E. Managing resistance with multiple pesticide tactics: theory, evidence, and recommendations. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1989,82:1263-1260
[316]Tabashnik BE. Evaluation of synergasm among Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol,1992,58(10):3343-3346
[317]Talekar N.S. and A.M. Schelton. Biology Ecology and Management of the Diamondback moth. Annually Rev. Entomology 1993,83:1671-1676
[318]Talekar N.S. Biological Control of Diamondback moth in Taiwan-a Review. Plant Protection B.1996,38:167-189
[319]Talekar NS, Shelton AM,1993.Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth. Annu. Rev. Entomol.,38:275-301
[320]Talekar NS, Shelton AM.Biology, ecology.and management of the Diamondback Moth. Annu Rev Entomol, 1993, 38:275-301
[321]Tanzubil.PB.McCafferyAR.Effect ofAzadirachtin on reproduction in the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta)[J].Ent.Exp.Appl , 1990, 57:115-121.
[322]Thomposon, J. N. The raw material for coevolution. Oikos, 1999, 84: 5-16
[323]Turlings T. C. J., Tumlinson J. H., Heath R. R. J. Chem. Ecol., 1991,17:2235-2251
[324]Veldkamp J F. Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, a new name for Eupatorium clematideum Griseb., non Sch.Bip.(Compositae), a south American species naturalized and spreading in SE As ia and Queens land, Australia. Singapore:Gardens’Bulletin, 1999, 51(1):119-124
[325]Vet W P , van LENTEREN J C , HEYMANS M, et al. An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactive responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects[J] . Physidogical Entomology , 1983 ,8 :97 - 106.
[326]Visser J H.Differential sensory perception of plant compounds by insects.Hedin P A.Plant resistance to insect.ACS Symp: Ser, 1983. 215-230.
[327]Visser J H.Host odor perception in phytophagous insect.Annu Rev Ent, 1986, 31: 121—144.
[328]Visser.J.H.1985 Host odor perception in phytophagous insects.Ann.Rev.Entomol.31. 12l-144
[329]Ware, A. B., Kaye, P. T., Compton, S. C., Noort, S. V. Fig volatiles: their role in attracting pollinators and maintaining pollinator specificity. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1993, 186: 147-156
[330]Weiblen, G. D. Phylogentic relationships of fig wasps pollinating functionally dioecious Ficus based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology, 2001, 50: 243-267
[331]Weiblen, G. D. Phylogentic relationships of functionally dioecious Ficus (Morcceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. American Journal of Botany, 2000, 87: 1342-1357
[332]Weiblen, G. D., Yu, D. W., West, S. A. Pollination and parasitism in functionally dioecious figs. Proc R Soc Lond B, 2001, 268: 651-659
[333]Weissenberg M, Klein M, Meisner J.et a1.Larval growth inhibition of the spiny bollworm.Earias insulana, by some steroidal secondary plant compounds.Ent.Exp.App1.1996, 42:213—217.
[334]Whitman D W, Eller F J. Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles. Chemoecology, 1990,1(2): 69-75
[335]Xu H H, Zhang N J, Casida J E. Insecticides in Chinese medicinal plants: survey leading to jacaranone, a neurotoxicant and glutathione-reactive quino. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51: 2544-2547
[336]Yan S-C(严善春) , Hu Y-Y(胡隐月) , Sun J-H(孙江华) , et al . Larch cone volatile profile and its damage by cone fly ( Strobilomyia spp. ) in northeastern China. Sci Silvae Sin (林业科学) ,1999,35 (3) :58-62 (in Chinese)
[337]YI C G, CHOI B R , PARK H M , et al. Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oil s to Thrips palmi ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and Orius st ri gicol l is ( Heteroptera : Ant hocoridae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 2006, 99(5): 1733-1738.
[2]陈伟,兰国玉,安锋,等.海南外来杂草—假臭草群落生态位特征研究.西北林学院学报.2007, 22(2):24-27
[3]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对三种鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性.植物保护学报,2002,29(3):223-228
[4]李光义,喻龙,邓晓.假臭草化感作用研究.杂草科学.2006,4:19-20
[5]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002,164
[6]马瑞君,朱慧,陈丹生,等.入侵杂草五爪金龙的除草剂植物筛选.中国生态农业学报.2008,16(2):391-395
[7]钱华,高智慧,王国英,等.不同栽培环境中大蕁麻根乙醇提取物化学成分的变化.中国现代中药.2006,8(5):10-12.
[8]钱华,高智慧,王国英.大蕁麻根、茎叶乙醇提取物化学成分的GC/MS研究.浙江林业科技,2006,26(3):31-33.
[9]秦新生,严岳鸿,陈红峰,等.海南植物增补(Ⅷ).华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 25(1):122-123.
[10]王朋,梁文举,孔垂华,等.外来杂草入侵的化学机制.应用生态学报.2004, 15(4):707-711.
[11]王真辉,安锋,陈秋波.外来入侵杂草—假臭草.热带农业科学,2006,26(6):33-37.
[12]魏辉,侯有明.非嗜食植物次生物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和拒食作用的研究.应用生态学报, 2004,15(3):473-476.
[13]吴世捷,高力行.不受欢迎的生物多样性:香港的外来植物物种.生物多样性,2002, 10(1):109-119.
[14]蔡霞,施祖华,施英利.水葫芦乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生物活性.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2005, 31(5):567-571.
[15]蔡霞,施祖华,施英利.水葫芦乙醇提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生物活性.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2005, 31(5):567-571.
[16]岑伊静,叶峻铭,徐长宝,等.柑橘木虱对几种非嗜食植物挥发油的趋性反应测定.华南农业大学学报.2005,26(3):41-44.
[17]岑伊静,厐雄飞,张茂新等.26种非嗜食植物乙醇提取物对柑桔潜叶蛾的产卵驱避作用.华南农业大学学报,2003,24(3):27-29.
[18]岑伊静,庞雄飞,凌冰,等.薇苷菊提取物对桔全爪螨的产卵驱避作用及有效组分分析.生态学报,2004,24(11):2542-2547.
[19]岑伊静.非嗜食植物次生物质对柑桔主要害虫的控制作用.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2002
[20]陈冀胜,郑硕编.中国有毒植物.北京:科学出版社,1987
[21]陈立,徐汉虹,赵善欢.甘蓝叶碟厚度对昆虫拒食剂拒食活性的影响.华中农业大学学报,2000,19(1):12-14.
[22]陈伟,兰国玉,安锋等.海南外来杂草—假臭草群落生态位特征研究.西北林学院学报.2007, 22(2):24-27.
[23]陈贤兴,等.豚草对几种经济作物的生化他感作用[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版), 2OO3, 21(1):69—73.
[24]陈彦,朱奇,刘树真.植物对虫害的超越补偿作用.生物学通讯, 2000, 35(5):19-21.
[25]陈泽坦,符悦冠,骆焱平.蟛蜞菊抽提物对花生蚜忌避及毒杀作用.热带作物学报.2003, 24(3):51-53.
[26]陈泽坦.飞机草粗提物对棉铃虫的生物活性.农药, 2003, 42(4):45.
[27]陈宗懋,许宁,韩宝瑜,等.茶树-害虫-天敌间的化学信息联系.茶叶科学,2003,23(增):38-45.
[28]陈宗麒,缪森,罗开君.小菜蛾群体繁殖技术.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(1):68-70.
[29]崔德君,赵善欢,刘新清.万寿菊粗提物对小菜蛾产卵忌避作用的研究.农药,1998,37(6):31-35.
[30]达平馥,洪焰泉.紫茎泽兰的危害及研究利用近况.林业调查规划,2003,28(1):95-98.
[31]邓业成,徐汉虹.53种植物提取物对褐飞虱的杀虫活性测定.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 27(5):668-671.
[32]邓业成,徐汉虹.银杏提取物对3种农业害虫的触杀活性.华南农业大学学报, 2004, 25(3):61-63.
[33]丁红建,郭予元,吴才宏.用于昆虫嗅觉行为研究的四臂嗅觉仪的设计、制作和应用.昆虫知识,1996,33(4):241-243.
[34]丁建红,吴才宏,郭予元.棉铃虫成虫对寄主植物挥发性它感信息物的嗅觉行为研究[A].何礼远.植物病虫害生物学研究进展[c].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 1995.163—116.
[35]丁智慧张学镅刘吉开,等.飞机草中的化学成分.天然产物研究和开发.2001,13(5):22-24.
[36]董红霞,王敬淑,刘光华等.植物次生化合物在害虫防治中的作用.仲恺农业技术学院,2005,18(2):65-71.
[37]董易之,张茂新,凌冰.马缨丹总岩茨烯对小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用.应用生态学报.2005,16(12):2361-2364.
[38]杜家纬.昆虫信息素及其应用.北京:中国林业出版社, 1988.
[39]杜家纬.植物-昆虫间的化学通讯及其行为控制.植物生理学报,2001,27(3):193-200.
[40]杜家纬.植物一昆虫间的化学通讯及其行为控制.植物生理学报, 2001, 27(3):193—200.
[41]杜永均,严福顺.植物挥发性次生物质在植食性昆虫、寄主植物和昆虫天敌关系中的作用机理[J].昆虫学报,1994 ,37(2) :233 - 245.
[42]段惠萍,等.豚草生物学特性、为害习性及防除策略.上海农业学报, 2OOO, 16(3):73—77.
[43]方开泰,王元.均匀设计与均匀设计表.北京:科学出版社,12-15.
[44]冯惠玲,李勇,叶万辉,等.深圳薇甘菊茎叶精油的化学成分.中草药.2004, 35(1):17-18.
[45]傅俊范.中国外来有害生物入侵现状及控制对策.沈阳农业大学学报, 2005, 36(4):387-39l.
[46]高锦明.植物化学.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[47]高泽正,吴伟坚,吴建雄,等.固相微萃取气质联用分析马缨丹花的挥发性化学成分.中草药, 2004, 35(12):1338-1339.
[48]耿亚鹏,张惠敏,李小川.固相微萃取技术及其在分析中的应用.河北化工.2007,30(3):52-54.
[49]谷文详,何衍彪,何庭玉,等.苦槛蓝提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性.应用生态学报, 2004.15(7):1171-1173.
[50]关万鹏.植食性昆虫对寄主植物的发现.沈阳农业大学学报, 1995, 26(2):233-236.
[51]桂连友,陈宗懋,刘树生.外源茉莉酸甲酯诱导茶树挥发物对昆虫寄主选择行为的影响.茶叶科学, 2004, 24(3):166-171.
[52]郭琼霞,陈颖,沈荔花,等.加拿大一枝黄花对豆类和蔬菜的化感作用研究.检验检疫科学.2006,16(6):10-12.
[53]郭琼霞,黄可辉,刘景苗.豚草属杂草的研究概况与分析.武夷科学.2004,20:165-172.
[54]韩宝瑜,张钟宁.小菜蛾化学生态学研究进展与展望.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(3):177-181.
[55]何军,马志卿,张兴.植物源农药概述.西北农业大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(9):79-85.
[56]何衍彪,谷文祥,庞雄飞.飞机草和苦槛蓝中的黄酮类提取物对小菜蛾的生物活性.热带农业科学,2003,23(6):19-25
[57]侯华民,冯俊涛,陈安良.植物精油对几种害虫的毒杀活性[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2002 ,14 (6) : 27230.
[58]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对三种鳞翅目害虫的杀虫活性.植物保护学报.2002,29(3):223-228
[59]侯华民,张兴.植物精油对玉米象的熏蒸和种群抑制活性研究.粮食贮藏,2001,30(3):8-10
[60]侯华民,张兴.植物精油杀虫活性的研究进展.世界农业.2001,4:40-42
[61]侯华民.植物精油防治害虫的研究现状.江苏农药,2000,1:24-26
[62]胡珊,程东美,徐汉虹,等.昆虫拒食中浓度和抑食中浓度的统计基础分析.广东农业科学.2007,4:60-62
[63]黄可辉,虞贇,黄振,等.加拿大一枝黄花的传入风险与管理对策研究.检验检疫科学.2007,17,(1-2):95-97
[64]黄天芳.植物次生物质对于植物生存的重要作用.生物学杂志.2003,20(5)
[65]嵇保中,孙云霄.印楝质杀虫剂的生物活性及作用机制研究进展.中国森林病虫,2002,21(6)23-28
[66]江定心,徐汉虹,侯慧.植物源昆虫剂及其在IPM中的应用.世界农药,2004,26(3):6-8
[67]江贵波,曾任森.外来入侵植物的危害及防治.安徽农业科学.2006, 34(2):273-274
[68]焦懿.植物次生物质对十字花科蔬菜害虫的控制作用.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2000
[69]康乐,T.L. Hopkins.黑蝗初孵蝗蝻对植物气味和植物挥发性化合物的行为和嗅觉反应.科学通报,2004,49(1):81-85
[70]康乐.植物对昆虫的化学防御.植物学通讯, 1995, 12(4):22-27
[71]康乐.环境胁迫下的昆虫-植物相互关系.生态学杂志, 1995, 14(5):51-57
[72]柯礼道,方菊连.小菜蛾的生物学研究:生活史、世代数及温度关系.昆虫学报, 1979, 22(3):310-318
[73]柯礼道,方菊连.应用发芽菜籽大量饲养小菜蛾.昆虫知识.1981, 18(5):233-235
[74]孔垂华,徐效华.有机物的分离和结构鉴定.北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[75]乐海洋,赵善欢.几种菊科植物提取物对蚊幼虫的光活化活性初试.华南农业大学学报, 1997, 18(1):20-24
[76]乐海洋.菊科杀虫植物的化学和毒理学.农药译丛,1997,19(3):32-38
[77]乐海洋.菊科植物对蚊虫和菜粉蝶的光活化活性研究:[学位论文], 1995,广州:华南农业大学
[78]乐海洋.胜红蓟、万寿菊和柔毛水彭提取物对农业害虫生物活性初探.1992, (6):34-36
[79]雷宏.昆虫对宿主植物的嗅觉定向.生物学通报,1995,30(3):9-11
[80]雷喜红,杨伟等.几种农药防治茶小绿叶蝉药效试验.安徽农业科学.2008,36(3):1111-1116
[81]李典谟,周立阳.协同进化——昆虫与植物的关系.昆虫知识, 1997, 34(1):45—49
[82]李光义,喻龙,邓晓.假臭草化感作用研究.杂草科学.2006,4:19-20
[83]李会新,魏木山,易平淡,等.25种植物精油对四纹豆象的防治效果.粮食储藏, 2001(6):7-9
[84]李江红,尤民生.昆虫授粉研究与应用概述.福建农业大学学报, 1999, 28(4):492—497
[85]李绍文编著.生态生物化学.北京:北京大学出版社,2001
[86]李扬汉.中国杂草志[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1995, 24
[87]李月红,刘树生.植食性昆虫的学习行为.昆虫学报, 2004, 47(1):106-116
[88]李云寿,邹华英,佴注,等.紫茎泽兰精油各馏分对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性.西南农业大学学报.2000, 22(4):331-332.
[89]李云寿,邹华英,汪禄祥等,紫茎泽兰提取物对四种储粮害虫的杀虫活性.昆虫知识,2001,38(3):214-216.
[90]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种.北京:中国林业出版社,2002,164.
[91]林成俊,郭焕佳,庞淇尹.入侵植物假臭草化感物质的分离及鉴定.安徽农业可续, 2008, 36(9):3497-3498
[92]凌冰,张茂新,孔垂华,等.飞机草挥发油的化学组成及其对植物、真菌和昆虫生长的影响.应用生态学报,2003,14(5):744-746.
[93]刘传秀,韩招久,李凤良,等.应用蛭石萝卜法室内继代大量繁殖小菜蛾的研究.昆虫知识, 1993, 30(6):341-344
[94]刘芳,娄永根,程家安.虫害诱导的植物挥发物:植物与植食性昆虫及其天敌相互作用的进化产物.昆虫知识, 2003, 40(6):481—486
[95]刘静玲,等.豚草生态学特性及生防对策[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版), 1997, (3):6l-67.
[96]刘晓妹,蒲金基,蒙美英.飞机草不同溶剂粗提物抑菌活性的测定.广西热带农业,2004,6:1-3
[97]刘学文,徐汉虹,鞠荣,等.植物精油在农药领域中的研究进展.香料香精化妆品, 2004, 2:36-39
[98]刘源,周光宏,王锡昌,等.顶空固相微萃取气质联用分析香葱挥发性风味成分.中国调味品.2007,9:62-64
[99]刘源,周光宏,徐幸莲.固相微萃取及其在食品分析中的应用.食品与发酵工业,,2003,29(7):83-87
[100]娄永根,程家安.虫害诱导的植物挥发物:基本特性、生态学功能及释放机制.生态学报, 2000, 20(6):1097-1106
[101]娄永根,程家安.他感化合物的进化生态学及其在害虫综合治理中的应用前景.1996b,中国有害生物综合治理论文集,北京:中国农业科技出版社.136 143
[102]娄永根,程家安.植物的诱导抗虫性.昆虫学报, 1997a, 4O(3):320—327
[103]娄永根,程家安.植物一植食性昆虫一天敌三营养层次的相互作用及其研究.应用生态学报, 1997b, 8(3):325 331
[104]娄永根,程家安.它感化合物的进化生态学及其在害虫综合治理中的应用前景.中国有害生物综合治理论文集.北京:中国农业出版社, 1996,134-136
[105]鲁玉杰,张孝羲.信息化合物对昆虫行为的影响.昆虫知识, 2001, 38(4):262-266
[106]吕怡兵, ,闫雪,王洋,等.三裂叶豚草花序挥发成分的GC—MS分析.分析测试学报, 1999, 18 (2) : 42-44
[107]吕仲贤,杨樟法,胡萃.玉米花粉对螟长距茧蜂成虫寿命的影响.华东昆虫学报, 1995, 4(2):61-64
[108]马瑞君,朱慧,陈丹生,等.入侵杂草五爪金龙的除草剂植物筛选.中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(2):391-395
[109]马文儒.植物与昆虫的协同进化.生物学通报, 1993, 28(4):6-7, 15
[110]倪斌.中国植物源杀虫剂研究进展.安徽农学通报.2007,13(17:165)
[111]欧剑峰,黄鸿,徐洁莲,等.薇甘菊对桔小实蝇的驱避试验初报.昆虫天敌, 2005, 27(4):183-187
[112]庞雄飞,冼继东,张茂新.驱避剂在保护植物免受虫害的作用[A].李典谟.走向21世纪的中国昆虫学——中国昆虫学会2O0O年学术年会论文集[c].北京:中国科技出版社, 2O0O.436—441.
[113]庞雄飞,张茂新,侯有明等.职务保护剂防治害虫效果的评价方法.应用生态学报,2000,11(2):108-110
[114]庞雄飞.植物保护剂与植物免害工程——异源次生化合物在害虫防治中的应用.世界科技研究与发展,1999,21(2):24-28
[115]彭海辉,冼继东,曾玲,等.荔枝蒂蛀虫对寄主植物乙醇提取物的触角电位反应.华南农业大学学报,2006,27(2):25-27
[116]彭金英,黄勇平.植食性昆虫诱导的挥发物及其在植物通讯中的作用.植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(5):679-683
[117]彭少膦,南蓬,钟扬.高等植物中的萜类化合物及其在生态系统中的作用.生态学杂志, 2002, 21(3):33- 38
[118]彭跃峰,庞雄飞.飞机草提取物对小菜蛾产卵驱避活性的研究.资源开发与市场.2004,20(5): 325-327.
[119]彭跃峰,庞雄飞.非嗜食植物次生物质对小菜蛾实验种群的干扰作用.湖北植保.2004,(3):1-3
[120]彭跃峰.非嗜食植物次生化合物对小菜蛾实验种群的干扰作用.华南农业学报.2005,26(1):56-59
[121]钱华,高智慧,王国英,等.不同栽培环境中大蕁麻根乙醇提取物化学成分的变化.中国现代中药.2006,8(5):10-12
[122]钱华,高智慧,王国英.大蕁麻根、茎叶乙醇提取物化学成分的GC/MS研究.浙江林业科技,2006,26(3):31-33
[123]钦俊德,昆虫与植物关系.北京:科学出版社,1987.1-15
[124]钦俊德,王琛柱.论昆虫与植物相互作用和进化的关系.昆虫学报, 2001,33(3):360-365
[125]钦俊德,王琛柱.植物对昆虫的化学防御.科学前沿, 36-38
[126]钦俊德.昆虫与寄主植物的适应性及协调进化.生物学通报, 96, 31(1):1-3
[127]钦俊德.昆虫与植物的关系——论昆虫与植物的相互关系及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987
[128]钦俊德.昆虫与植物关系的研究进展和前景.动物学报,95,42(1):12-20
[129]钦俊德.诠释植食性昆虫是怎样选择食料植物的.生物学通报,2003,38(6):1-3
[130]钦俊德.植物对昆虫的防御作用.钦俊德著昆虫与植物的关系——论昆虫与植物的相互作用及演化.北京:科学出版社,1987,38-61
[131]秦新生,严岳鸿,陈红峰,等.海南植物增补(Ⅷ).华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 25(1):122-123
[132]任立云,曾玲,张茂新.马缨丹提取物对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的驱避作用.华南农业大学学报.2005,26(1):53-59.
[133]任立云,曾玲,陆永跃,等.马缨丹挥发油成分及其对美洲斑前应成虫产卵取食行为的影响.广西农业生物科学.2006,25(1):43-47.
[134]荣晓东,徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物性杀虫剂印楝的研究进展.农药学学报,2002,12(2):9-14
[135]沈立荣,李红艳,冯凤琴,等135种植物精油对腌肉咸鲞害虫丝光绿蝇的杀卵作用[ J]浙江农业学报, 2007, 19 ( 4) : 284- 288
[136]史刚荣.次生物质在植物与昆虫协同作用进化中的意义.生物学杂志.1994,6(4):11-13
[137]覃伟权,张茂新,凌冰等.3种热带杂草挥发油干扰小菜蛾行为的研究.华南农业大学学报, 2004, 25(4):39-42
[138]汤富彬,陈宗懋,罗逢健,等.固相萃取-气相色谱法检测茶叶中的有机磷农药残留量.分析试验室, 2007, 26(2):43-47
[139]田胜尼,刘登义,彭少麟.植物外来种的入侵及防治对策.安徽农学通报, 2003, 9(6):89-92, 95
[140]田扬光.有机茶病虫害防治技术.现代农业科技.2006(12):75
[141]童红云,赵善欢.雷公藤对菜青虫的毒理效应及防治试验[J].华南农业大学学报, 1988, 9(4):14-20.
[142]万方浩,等.豚草在我国的发生、危害及其防治[J].农业科技通讯, 1988, (5):24-25.
[143]万方浩,郑小波,郭建英.重要农林外来入侵物种的生物学与控制.北京:科学出版社, 2005.769-796
[144]王琛柱,钦俊德.昆虫与植物相互作用的研究进展.世界农业,1998,4:33-35
[145]王大力,祝心如.豚草的化感作用.生态学报,1996,16(1)11-19
[146]王大力,祝心如.豚草和三裂叶豚草挥发物成分的GC和GC/MS分析.质谱学报, 1996, 17(3):37-41
[147]王德利.植物与草食动物之间的协同适应及进化.生态学报, 2004, 24(11):2641-2648
[148]王海波.昆虫胁迫下的植物应激反应模式.生态学杂志, 1993, 12(6):46—48
[149]王海丽,徐汉虹,黄彰欣.唐古特瑞香叶提取物对菜粉蝶的毒杀作用及防治试验.广东农业科学, 2001, 5:41-43
[150]王开金,李宁,陈列忠,等.加拿大一枝黄花精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):34-36
[151]王萌长主编.昆虫生物化学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001
[152]王朋,梁文举,孔垂华,等.外来杂草入侵的化学机制.应用生态学报,2004,15(4):707-711
[153]王庆森,吴光远,曾明森,余素红.苦参素防治茶树主要害虫的效果.武夷科学.2002,18:191-195
[154]王问学,莫建初.树木对昆虫的诱导抗性.森林病虫通讯, 1998, 4:35-37
[155]王香萍,方宇凌,张钟宁.小菜蛾对合成植物挥发物的活性反应.昆虫学报
[156]王新国,徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物源光活化杀虫剂研究新进展.西安联合大学学报, 2001, 2(4):5-11
[157]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒对菜粉蝶生物活性的研究.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(2):264-265,268
[158]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒防治菜粉蝶的研究.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(3):452-453
[159]王亚维,张国洲,徐汉虹,等.瑞香狼毒杀虫活性成分的提取和分离.安徽农业科学, 2004, 32(4):671-672
[160]王一丁,高平,张其红,等.紫茎泽兰灭蚜活性物质的分离、纯化及其对棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响.高技术通讯, 2002, (9):2 1—23
[161]王一丁,高平,郑勇,等.紫茎泽兰提取物对棉蚜的毒力及其灭蚜机理研究.植物保护学报, 2002, 29(4):337-340.
[162]王真辉,安锋,陈秋波.外来入侵杂草—假臭草.热带农业科学,2006,26(6):33-37
[163]魏辉,侯有明,杨广,等.非嗜食植物次生化合物对小菜蛾的忌避和拒食作用的研究.应用生态学报, 2004, 15(3):473-476.
[164]吴世捷,高力行.不受欢迎的生物多样性:香港的外来植物物种.生物多样性,2002, 10(1):109-119
[165]吴寿金,赵泰,秦永祺主编.中草药成分化学.中国医药出版社.2001
[166]夏文孝,何伟,文光裕.加拿大一枝黄花精油成分.植物学通报.1999,16(2):178-181
[167]谢寿安,张雅林,袁锋,吕淑杰.我国昆虫多样性的保护和利用.西北林学院学报, 2001, 16(2):50-53
[168]徐海根,强胜,韩正敏,等.中国外来入侵物种的分布与传入途径分析.生物多样性,2004,12(6):626-638
[169]徐汉虹,张志祥,程东美.植物源农药与农业可持续发展.科技导论.2002,7:42-43
[170]徐汉虹,张志祥.中国植物性农药的开发前景.农药.2003,42(3):1-10
[171]徐汉虹,赵善欢.齿叶黄皮精油的杀虫作用与有效成分研究.华南农业大学学报.1994,15(2):56-61
[172]徐汉虹,赵善欢.光活化毒素与杀虫剂开发的新领域.华南农业大学学报, 1995, 16(1):127—132
[173]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在仓库害虫防治上的应用.粮食贮藏,1993,22(2):5-8
[174]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在害虫防治上的应用.天然产物研究与开发,1994,6(1):82-86
[175]徐汉虹,赵善欢.猪毛蒿精油的杀虫作用研究.华南农业大学学报,1993,14(1):97-102
[176]徐汉虹,赵善欢.利用植物精油防治害虫的研究进展.华南农业大学学报.1993, 14(4):145-154
[177]徐汉虹,赵善欢.植物精油在害虫防治上的应用.天然产物研究与开发, 1994, 6(1):82-88
[178]徐汉虹.杀虫植物与植物性杀虫剂[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2001:289-309.
[179]徐汉卿主编.植物学.北京:中国农业大学出版社.1994.7
[180]徐河山,马雅军.植物源杀虫剂作用方式和机理的研究进展.热带医学杂志, 2006(6):743-744
[181]薛皎亮,谢映平,刘计权,王金胜,冀卫荣.鞘蛾危害后诱导华北落叶松体内化学物质变化的研究.林业科学, 2000, 36(4):46—50
[182]闫艳春,乔传令,钱传范.小菜蛾抗药性研究进展.昆虫知识, 1997,37(5):310-315
[183]严善春,张丹丹,迟德富.植物挥发性物质对昆虫作用的研究进展.应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2):310-313
[184]阎凤鸣.化学生态学.北京:科学出版社,2003
[185]颜振敏,侯有明,罗万春.马缨丹提取物对黄曲条跳甲成虫的生物活性.昆虫知识.2005,42(6):664-668.
[186]杨长龙,江世宏,徐汉虹.植物源驱避剂研究进展.植物保护.2006,32(6):4-9
[187]杨成云,王瑞武,赵桂仿,杨大荣.非传粉小蜂的食性及其对榕树—传粉小蜂系统稳定性的影响.动物学研究, 2005, 26(4):379—385
[188]杨东鹏,杜相革,,董民,等.广西百色地区有机茶园中主要害虫发生规律及防治技术的研究.中国农学通报.2004,20(2):56-58.
[189]杨逢建,王纪坤,张莹,等.林业有害植物豚草挥发油GC-MS成分分析.植物研究.2005, 25(4):457-459
[190]杨广,关雄, WANG-PRUSKI Ge-fu,魏辉,尤民生.植物诱导抗虫基因研究进展.农业生物技术学报.2007,15(1):157-166
[191]杨广,尤民生.小菜蛾对蔬菜气味的定向行为.武夷科学.2002, 18:73-79
[192]杨怀文主编.迈入二十一世纪的中国生物防治.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2005, 337-340
[193]姚英娟,薛东,杨长举.昆虫行为与信息化合物关系的研究进展.华中农业大学学报, 2004, 23(4):478—482
[194]尤民生,侯有明,魏辉,等.植物诱导防御的空间和时间效应.武夷科学, 2000, 16, 195-201
[195]尤民生,侯有明,杨广.小菜蛾种群系统控制.福建科学技术出版社.
[196]余宇平,梁家社,何大愚.紫茎泽兰防除方法的进展.杂草学报, 1988, 2(2):39-40
[197]曾玲,冼继东,梁广文.马缨丹乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制作用.昆虫知识.2005,42(5):537-540.
[198]曾明森,吴光远.0.5%藜芦碱可湿性粉剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉茶蚜试验结果.2007,3:6-7
[199]张国洲,王亚维,徐汉虹等.瑞香狼毒提取物对菜粉蝶的产卵忌避与杀卵作用.安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):623,628
[200]张海燕,邓永学,王进军,等.植物精油对谷蠹成虫熏蒸活性的研究[ J].西南农业大学学报.2004, 26 (4) : 423 - 425
[201]张劲松,李博,陈家宽,等.加拿大一枝黄花挥发油成分及其抗菌活性[J].复旦学报:自然科学版,2006,45(3):412-416
[202]张茂新,凌冰,孔垂华等.薇甘菊挥发油的化学成分及其对昆虫的生物活性.应用生态学报,2003,14(1):93-96
[203]张茂新,凌冰,曾玲,等.六种植物叶片中葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响.生态学报,2004,2564-2568
[204]张润志,康乐.外来物种入侵的预警与立法管理.科技与社会.2003(6):413-415
[205]张庭英,徐汉虹,黄继光,等.植物中鱼藤酮含量随生长期和地域的变化.华南农业大学学报.2006, 27(3):48-50
[206]张文辉,刘光杰.植物抗虫性次生物质的研究概况.植物学通报, 2003, 20(5):522-530
[207]张兴,赵善欢.几种植物性物质对米象、玉米象的初步防治试验.粮食贮藏.1989,12(1):1-8
[208]张兴,赵善欢.楝科植物对几种害虫的拒食和忌避作用.华南农业大学学报,1983,4(3):1-7
[209]张兴.试论无公害农药.西北农业大学学报,1995,23(6):90-95
[210]张兴.赵善欢.川楝素对菜青虫体内几种酶系活性的影响[J].昆虫学报, 1992, 35(2):171—176.
[211]张兴.植物性农药在生防中的地位和作用.世界农业,1996,1:31-32
[212]张瑛,严福顺.虫害诱导的植物挥发性次生物质及其在植物防御中的作用[J] .昆虫学报,1998,41(2):204 - 213.
[213]张志祥,程东美,徐汉虹.印楝杀虫活性物质在植物中的系统性分布.广东农业科学.2007,1:48-54
[214]赵冬香,陈宗懋,程家安.茶树-假眼小绿叶蝉-白斑猎蛛间化学通讯物的分离与活性鉴定.茶叶科学,2002,22(2):109-114
[215]赵冬香,高景林,陈宗懋,等.假眼小绿叶蝉对茶树挥发物的定向行为反应.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 23(4):27-29
[216]赵冬香,高景林,陈宗懋.植食性昆虫对寄主植物的定向行为研究进展.热带农业科学, 2004, 24(2):62-68
[217]赵冬香,高景林,徐汉虹,等.印楝对假眼小绿叶蝉鸣声通讯影响的研究.茶叶科学.2005,25(2):136-140
[218]赵冬香,高景林,徐汉虹.鱼藤根提取物对假眼小绿叶蝉的防治.热带作物学报, 2005, 26(4):86-89
[219]赵冬香,徐汉虹,高景林,等,印楝提取物对假眼小绿叶蝉的生物活性研究.华南农业大学学报(自然科学版).2003,24(3):30-32
[220]赵国强,刘晓光,罗梅浩.昆虫对寄主植物选择的化学感受机制.河南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,27(4):80-83
[221]赵辉,张茂新,凌冰,等.非寄主植物挥发油对黄曲条跳甲成虫嗅觉、取食及产卵行为的影响[J] .华南农业大学学报(自然科学版) ,2003 ,24(2) :38 - 40.
[222]赵磊,杜娟,刘素琪,等.地肤子粗提物对小菜蛾的拒食作用.山西农业科学, 2008, 36(10):38-39
[223]赵善欢,黄炳球,胡美英.几种楝科植物种核油对褐稻虱的拒食作用试验.昆虫学报, 1983, 26(1):1-9
[224]赵善欢,万树青.杀虫植物的研究及应用进展.广东农业科学.1997,1:26-28
[225]赵善欢.植物化学保护(第三版).中国农业出版社, 1999.
[226]赵云鲜,康乐.多食性斑潜蝇对寄主植物的选择.昆虫学报, 2001, 44(4):567-573
[227]甄文全,朱朝东,杨大荣,黄大卫.传粉榕小蜂与榕树的繁衍,昆虫学报, 2004, 47(1):99—105
[228]郑浩,杨长举,华红霞等.与昆虫有关的植物挥发性次生物质的研究方法.昆虫知识,2002,39(1):9-13
[229]郑湘如,王丽.植物学(第2版).北京:中国农业大学出版社.2006.12
[230]中国植物志[M].第75卷,北京:科学出版社, 330
[231]周海梅,谢培山,李朴,等.不同栽培类型菊花挥发性成分的固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析.解放军药学学报.2008,24(1):33-36
[232]周利娟,黄继光,安玉兴,等.我国29种特有植物的杀虫活性初探.植物保护学报, 2006, 33(1):87-93
[233]周利娟,黄继光,徐汉虹,等.几种植物的杀虫活性初探.农药,2006,46(5):347-349
[234]周琼.植物次生物质对蔬菜主要蚜虫的控制作用研究.广州:华南农业大学博士论文,2002
[235]周天雄,杨美林,顾芳.紫茎泽兰提取物对小菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食活性测定.云南农业大学学报.2003,18(3):260-263.
[236]周新生,严福顺.关于植物因昆虫取食所诱导的求救信号.昆虫知识, 2004, 41(6):610—612
[237]朱彩云,梁明龙,郭景,等.蟛蜞菊粗提物对玉米螟拒食作用研究初报.中国农学通报,2006,22(1):264-265.
[238]朱芬,雷朝亮,王健.黄花蒿粗提物对几种害虫拒食性的初步研究.昆虫天敌,2003,25(1):16-19
[239]朱海涛,陈黎,徐自良,等.DPS数据处理系统在药学研究数据处理中的应用.医学导报, 2006, 25(4):363-365
[240]朱麟,古德祥,吴海昌.昆虫对植物次生性物质德生态适应机制.福建林业科技, 1998, 25(2):59—62
[241]邹先伟,蒋志胜.杀虫植物的研究新进展及应用发展前景.农药, 2004, 43(11):481-486
[242]Agrawal AA. Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species[J]. Science, 2001, 294:321-26.
[243]Antest, M. C., Mckey, M. H., Kjellberg, F. Figs and fig pollinators: evolutionary conflicts in a coevolved mutualism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1997, 12: 94-99.
[244]Arthur C L, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers[J]. J. Chomatog.A.2000, 889: 3-14.
[247]Aslan I , Ozerk H , Calmasur O , et al . Toxicity of essential oil vapours to two greenhouse pest s : Tet ranychus urt icae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Genn [J] . Indust rial Crops and Products , 2004, 19: 167-173.
[248]Auge H.Brandl R.1997.Seedhug recruitment in the invasive clonal shrub, Mahonia aquifollum Pursh(Natt).Oecologia, 110:205- 211.
[249]Bais HP, Vepachedu R, et a1.2003.Allelopathy and exotic plant in VaSion:from molecules and genes to species interactions.Science.301:377-138.
[250]Bais HP.W alker TS.et a1.2002.Enan tiomeric-dependent phyto.toxic and antimicmbial activity of catechin.Arhosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiol. 128:1173-1179.
[251]Bamba D , Bessier J M, Marion C , et al. Essential oil of Eupatorium odoratum[J] . Planta Medica ,1993 ,59(2): 184-185.
[252]Basset I.s.et.a1.Biology of Ambrosiatrifida Can J.Plant sci. [J]. 1982, 62:1003-1010.
[253]Baur R., Feeny P., Staedler E. J. Chem Ecol., 1993,19(5): 919-937.
[254]Benthey R. Secondary metabolites play primary roles in human aftairs.Prospect Biol Med, 1997, 40:197-221.
[255]Blossey Bernd. N0tzold Rolf. Evolution of increased competitive ability in invasive nonindigenous plants:a hypothesis. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83(5):887-889.
[256]Blumberg D., Kehat M., Goldenbert S. et al. Environ. Entomol., 1993, 2294:837-842.
[257]Bouda H , Tapondjou L A , Fontem D A , et al. Effect of essential oil from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides , Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera , Curculionidae) [J] . J Stor Prod Res ,2001 ,37 :109.
[258]Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein- dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 1976(72):248-254.
[259]BradleyFB, JamesCR.RichardLW.et a1.Effects of peruvian maize extracts on growth, development, and fecundity of the european corn borer[J].J. Chem.Eco1, 1999, 25(6):1281-1294.
[260]Brundu G, Brock J, Camarda I, eds.2001、Plant lnvasions:Species Ecology and Ecosystem Management.Leiden:Backhuy Pubfishers.7 Burke MJW.Grime JP.1996.An experimental study of plant cornmunity invisibility. Ecology, 77:776-790.
[261]Callaway PM , Aschehong ET.2000.Invasive plan ts versus their new and old neighbors:a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science.290:521-523.
[262]Chapm an RF, 2000.Entomology in the twentieth century, Annu Rev Entomol, 45:261- 285
[263]Choi W I , L EE E H , CHOI B R , et al . Toxicity of plant essential oils to T rialeurodes vaporariorum ( Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) [J] . Journal of Economic Entomology , 2003 ,96 (5) : 1479-1484.
[264]Choi W I , L EE S G, PARK H M , et al . Toxicity of plant essential oils to Tet ranychus urticae (Acari : Tet ranychidae) andPhy toseiulus persimi lis (Acari : Phytoseiidae) [ J] . Journal of Economic Entomology , 2004 ,97 (2) :533-558.
[265]Corlett R T, Shaw J C.Praxelis clematidea yesterday South America, today Hong Kong, tomorrow the world? Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society, 1995, 20:235~ 236
[266]de Moraes CM, Mescher MC, Tumlinson JH. 2001. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal plant volatiles repel conspecific females. Nature, 410:577-580.
[267]Ehrlich, P. R., Raven, P. H. Butterflies and Plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution, 1964, 18: 586-608.
[268]Fatope MO, Salihu L, Asante SK, et a1.2002.Larvicidal activity of extracts and triterpenoids from Lantana cam.ara.Pharml Biol, 40(8):564-567.
[269]Feeny P.P. Coevolution of Animals and Plants. Univ.of Texas Press.Austin and London, 1975,3-19.
[270]Gbolade A A , ADEBAYO T A. Fumigant effects of some volatile oil om fecundity and adult emergence of Callosobruchus maculates F[J] . Insect Sci Appl , 1993 ,14 (5 - 6) :631 - 633.
[271]Ghisalberti F L. Lantana cameral (Verbenaceae)[J].Fitoterapia,2000,71:467-486.
[272]Gorski R. Evaluation of t he effectiveness of natural essential oils in t he monitoring of the occurrence of greenhouse whitefly( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) [J] . Journal of Plant Protection Research , 2003 , 43 (4) :393-397.
[273]Greef, J. M. Can seed protection lead to dioecy in Ficus? Oikos, 2002, 96(2): 386-388
[274]Hartlieb E., Rembold H. J. Chem. Ecol., 1996, 22(4):821-837.
[275]Hertmann T. 1996. Diversity and variability of plant secondary metabolism, a mechanistic view. Entomol Exp Appl, 80:177-188.
[276]Hsiao T H.Feeding behavior[A].Kerkui G A, Gilbert L I.Comprehensive Insect Physiology , Biochemistry and Pharmacology[C].1985.471-512.
[277]Isman M B , WAN A J , PASSREITER C M. Insecticidal activity of essential oil s to t he tobacco cutworm , S podoptera l itura[J] . Fitoterapia , 2001, 72: 65-68.
[278]Janzen, D. H. When is it coevolution. Evolution, 1980, 34: 611-612.
[279]Jermy T. The role of experience in the host selection of phytophagous insects//Chapman RF, eds. Perspectives in Chemoreception an Behavior. New York: Springer-Verlag.1987.
[280]Jermy, T. Insect-host plant relationships-coevolution or sequential evolution. Symp. Biol. Hung, 1976, 16: 109-113.
[281]Kanat M , ALMA M H. Insecticidal effect s of essential oilsf rom various plant s against larvae of pine processionary mot h( Thaumetopoea pit yocampa Schiff ) (Lepidoptera : Thaumetopoeidae) [J] . Pest Management Science , 2003 ,60 :173-177.
[282]Karban R, AgrawM AA.Herbivore offense[J].Annu.Rev.Eco1.Syst, 2002, 33:641- 664.
[283]Kerdelhue, C., Rasplus, J. Y. The evolution of dicey among Ficus (Morcceae): an alternative hypothesis involvinig non-pollinating fig wasp pressure on the fig-pollinator mutualism. Oikos, 1996, 77: 163-166.
[284]Khan L R , SAXENA R C. Effect of steam distillate extracts of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars on behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera : Delphcidae) [J] . Journal of Economic Entomolgy , 1986 ,79(4) :928 - 935.
[285]Kim G, CHOI Y. Insecticidal activity of spearmint oil against T rialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci adult s[J] . Korean Journal of Applied Entomology , 2004 ,43 (4) :323-328.
[286]King R M, Robinson H. Studies in the Eupatorieae(Compositae). XXVI I I. The genus Praxelis. Phytologia, 1970.20(3):193-195
[287]Kogan M.Ecological and Integrated Pest Management Practice, John Wiley& Sons. 1986.83-84.
[288]Kostal V. Phsical and chemical factors influencing landing and oviposition by the cabbage root on host-plant models. Entomol Exp Appl. 1993, 66: 109-118.
[289]Ling Bing, Zhang Mao-xin, Pang Xiong-fei. Biological activities of the volatile oil from chromolaena odorata on fungi and insects and its chemical constituent Natural product research and development. 2003, 15(3): 183-187.
[290]Lockwood Julie L, Cassey Phillip, Blackburn Tim.The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends in Ecology an d Evolution.2005.20(5):223-228
[291]Mauchline A L , Osborne J L , Martin A P , et al .The effect s of non-host plant essential oil volatiles on t he behaviour of t he pollen beetle , Meli gethes aeneus [J] . Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata , 2005 , 114 :181-188.
[292]Miller J R,Stricker K L.Finding and accepting host plants.In:Bell W J, CardéR T. The Chemical Ecology of Insects. London: Campman and Hall, 1984:125-157
[293]Morimoto M, Kumeda S, Komai K.Insect antifeedant flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D.Don. J Agric Food Chem, 2000, 48:1888-1891
[294]Morimoto M, Kumeda S, Nakano S, et a1.Insect antifeedant activity of flavones and chromones against Spodoptera litura.J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 5 1, 389—393
[295]Nakamuta K., Leal W. S., Nakashima T. et al. J. Chem. Ecol., 1997,23(6):1635-1640
[296]Okunade A L. Ageratum conyzoides L.(asteraceae)[J].fitoterapia,2002,73:1-16.
[297]ParéP W, Lewis W J, Tumlinson J H. Induced plant volatiles: Biochemistry and effects on parasitoids. In: Agrawal A A, Tuzur S, Bent E. Induced Plant Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores Biochemistry, Ecology and Agricultural. HPS Press, 2000. 167-180
[298]Pigliucci Massimo. Evolution of phenotypic plasticity:where are we going now? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2005, 20(9):481-486
[299]Rembold H., Kohne A. C., Schroth A. J. Appl. Ent., 1991, 112:254-262
[300]Ridenour W M,Callaway R M. The relative important of allelopathy in interference: the effectsof invasive weed on a native bunchgrass Oecologia,2001,126:444-450
[301]Roughgarden, J. Theory of population genetics and evolutionary ecology. New York: Macmillan, 1979, 1-68
[302]SAAD El - Zemity, HUSSIEN Rezk, SAHER Fraok, et al.Acaricidal activities of some essential oils and theirmonoterpenoidal constituents against house dustmite, Dermatophagoides p teronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) [ J]. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 2006, 7(12) : 957-962.
[303]Saxena RC.Khan ZR.Aberrations caused by neem oil odour in green leafhopper feeding on rice plants[J].Ent.Exp.App1, 1986, 42:279-284.
[304]Schneider D.Plant recognition by insects : a challenge for neuro-ethological research[A].Labeyric V, Fabres G, Lachaise D.Insect-plant relationships[C].1986.117-124.
[305]Schoonhoven LM , Jermy T.van Loon JJA.Insect-Plant Biology- From Physiology to Evolution London:Chapman & Hal1.1998.
[306]Schoonhoven LM .Biological aspects of antifeedant Ent Exp Appl, 1982, 31:57- 69
[307]Schoonhoven LM, Jermy T, van Loon JJA. Insect-Plant Biology: From Physiology to Evolution. London: Chapman & Hall. 1998.
[308]Strong D. R. et al. Insects on Plants, Community Patterns and Mechanism. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984,313
[309]Swain T.Secondary compounds as protective agents. Ann. Rev. Plant physiol,1977(28):479-503
[310]Tabashnik B.E, Cushing N.L. Jihnson M.W. Diamondback moth resistance to insecticides in Hawaii: intra-island variation and cross– resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1987,80:1091-1099
[311]Tabashnik B.E. Cushing N.L, Finson N. Field development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in diamondback moth. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1990,83(5):11-1676
[312]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N, Johnson M.W. Cross-resistance to BArillus thuringiensis toxin Crylf in the diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella). Appl.Environ. Microbio [J].1994,60(12):46
[313]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N, Johnson M.W. Heckel D.G. Prolonged selection affects stability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in the diamondback moth. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1995,88(2):219-224
[314]Tabashnik B.E. Finson N,M.W. Johnson. Managing resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis from diamond back moth(Lepidoptera:plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1991,84910:49-55
[315]Tabashnik B.E. Managing resistance with multiple pesticide tactics: theory, evidence, and recommendations. Journal of Economic Entomology [J].1989,82:1263-1260
[316]Tabashnik BE. Evaluation of synergasm among Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol,1992,58(10):3343-3346
[317]Talekar N.S. and A.M. Schelton. Biology Ecology and Management of the Diamondback moth. Annually Rev. Entomology 1993,83:1671-1676
[318]Talekar N.S. Biological Control of Diamondback moth in Taiwan-a Review. Plant Protection B.1996,38:167-189
[319]Talekar NS, Shelton AM,1993.Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth. Annu. Rev. Entomol.,38:275-301
[320]Talekar NS, Shelton AM.Biology, ecology.and management of the Diamondback Moth. Annu Rev Entomol, 1993, 38:275-301
[321]Tanzubil.PB.McCafferyAR.Effect ofAzadirachtin on reproduction in the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta)[J].Ent.Exp.Appl , 1990, 57:115-121.
[322]Thomposon, J. N. The raw material for coevolution. Oikos, 1999, 84: 5-16
[323]Turlings T. C. J., Tumlinson J. H., Heath R. R. J. Chem. Ecol., 1991,17:2235-2251
[324]Veldkamp J F. Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp, a new name for Eupatorium clematideum Griseb., non Sch.Bip.(Compositae), a south American species naturalized and spreading in SE As ia and Queens land, Australia. Singapore:Gardens’Bulletin, 1999, 51(1):119-124
[325]Vet W P , van LENTEREN J C , HEYMANS M, et al. An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactive responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects[J] . Physidogical Entomology , 1983 ,8 :97 - 106.
[326]Visser J H.Differential sensory perception of plant compounds by insects.Hedin P A.Plant resistance to insect.ACS Symp: Ser, 1983. 215-230.
[327]Visser J H.Host odor perception in phytophagous insect.Annu Rev Ent, 1986, 31: 121—144.
[328]Visser.J.H.1985 Host odor perception in phytophagous insects.Ann.Rev.Entomol.31. 12l-144
[329]Ware, A. B., Kaye, P. T., Compton, S. C., Noort, S. V. Fig volatiles: their role in attracting pollinators and maintaining pollinator specificity. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1993, 186: 147-156
[330]Weiblen, G. D. Phylogentic relationships of fig wasps pollinating functionally dioecious Ficus based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology, 2001, 50: 243-267
[331]Weiblen, G. D. Phylogentic relationships of functionally dioecious Ficus (Morcceae) based on ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. American Journal of Botany, 2000, 87: 1342-1357
[332]Weiblen, G. D., Yu, D. W., West, S. A. Pollination and parasitism in functionally dioecious figs. Proc R Soc Lond B, 2001, 268: 651-659
[333]Weissenberg M, Klein M, Meisner J.et a1.Larval growth inhibition of the spiny bollworm.Earias insulana, by some steroidal secondary plant compounds.Ent.Exp.App1.1996, 42:213—217.
[334]Whitman D W, Eller F J. Parasitic wasps orient to green leaf volatiles. Chemoecology, 1990,1(2): 69-75
[335]Xu H H, Zhang N J, Casida J E. Insecticides in Chinese medicinal plants: survey leading to jacaranone, a neurotoxicant and glutathione-reactive quino. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51: 2544-2547
[336]Yan S-C(严善春) , Hu Y-Y(胡隐月) , Sun J-H(孙江华) , et al . Larch cone volatile profile and its damage by cone fly ( Strobilomyia spp. ) in northeastern China. Sci Silvae Sin (林业科学) ,1999,35 (3) :58-62 (in Chinese)
[337]YI C G, CHOI B R , PARK H M , et al. Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oil s to Thrips palmi ( Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and Orius st ri gicol l is ( Heteroptera : Ant hocoridae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 2006, 99(5): 1733-1738.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |