农村分散式污水处理模式系统及应用研究
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摘要
在对我国农村生活污水排放与处理现状进行了相关分析与研究的基础上,提出农村地区应当因地制宜的选择恰当的分散式污水处理模式。为帮助广大农村地区解决其污水处理的相关问题,综合考虑地理地貌,地形地势,土壤类型以及气候条件等因素,采用改进层次分析法,建立了适合于我国农村区域特征的四层六方案农村分散式污水处理模式指标体系和评价方法。
基于Yahhp软件,改进并构造了适合于农村分散式污水处理模式判别规划与评价的分散式污水处理规划Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Planning模型,实现了将复杂的计算过程数字化与人机友好可视化。利用D.W.T.P.模型完成了胶南市双凤山村村落点生活污水分散式处理模式的规划与评价。通过创建空间数据库,并编程将空间数据库与相关数学模型有机结合,实现了GIS(地理信息系统)与D.W.T.P.模型的耦合。选取胶南部分自然村为示范区,开展了区域分散式生活污水处理模式的规划与评价。
选择人工湿地处理方法在实验室内开展了分散式生活污水处理工艺的试验模拟、分析与评价工作。实验结果表明,砂石对CODcr、TP以及NH1+-N的去除率随水力停留时间的延长而增大,也随温度的上升而增大。在环境温度为15℃时,保持4天的水力停留时间,即可将原水样CODcr为252mg/L降至52mg/L,去除率为79%；保持5天的水力停留时间,即可将原水样TP为3.94mg/L降至1.01mg/L,去除率为74%；可将原水样NH4+-N为20.38mg/L降至8.OOmg/L,去除率为61%；后续活性炭或煤研石可以进一步降低TP至0.15mg/L,去除率为85%；进一步降低NH4+-N至4.66mg/L,去除率为42%。
在实验室工作的基础上,选择即墨五中作为示范点进行了模式优选评价、方案设计、工程施工、实际运行和监测的示范工程建设。采用D.W.T.P.模型优选出人工湿地处理模式为最佳选择。经过为期六个月的试运行,证明即墨五中人工湿地处理系统示范工程污水处理效果良好,出水可以达标排放。该示范工程对我国农村分散式污水处理的推广与应用具有重要参考价值。
The analysis and research on current situation of the emissions and treatment of the rural sewage is carried out. It is put forward that rural areas should adjust measures to local conditions to select the appropriate mode of decentralized wastewater treatment. Considering geographical landform, topography, soil type and climatic conditions and other factors, a four levels six programs system of rural decentralized wastewater treatment mode and evaluation method which is suitable for rural regional characteristics in China is established by using improved analytic hierarchy process, in order to help rural place to solve the sewage problem.
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Planning Model is constructed for rural decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation, which based on Yahhp software. It makes the complex calculation process realized the digitization and friendly man-machine visualization. The decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation of Shuangfengshan village in Jiao Nan is finished by using D.W.T.P. Model. GIS and D.W.T.P. Model is coupled by creating a spatial database and combining the spatial database and relevant mathematical model through programming. It has carried out the regional decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation for part of the village areas in Jiao Nan.
Constructed wetland wastewater treatment system is chose to simulate, analyze and evaluate in laboratory. Experimental results show that the removal rate of CODcr, TP and NH4+-N increases with increasing hydraulic retention time, also increases with increasing temperature by sandstones treatment. At an ambient temperature of15℃, CODcr can be reduced from252mg/L to52mg/L for4days hydraulic retention time, the removal rate is79%. Keep5days hydraulic retention time, TP can be reduced from3.49mg/L to1.01mg/L, the removal rate is74%, NH4+-N can be reduced from20.38mg/L to8.00mg/L, the removal rate is61%. The subsequent activated carbon or coal gangue treatment can further reduce the TP to0.15mg/L, removal rate is85%, reduce the NH4+-N to4.66mg/L, removal rate is42%.
On this basis, the demonstration project of Jimo fifth high school is designed, evaluated, established, operated and monitored. The constructed wetland wastewater treatment system is determined the best choice by using D.W.T.P. Model. After six months of trial operation, the treatment effect is proved good and the effluent can meet the discharge standards. The demonstration project has important reference value to the popularization and application for the decentralized wastewater treatment in rural place in our country.
基于Yahhp软件,改进并构造了适合于农村分散式污水处理模式判别规划与评价的分散式污水处理规划Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Planning模型,实现了将复杂的计算过程数字化与人机友好可视化。利用D.W.T.P.模型完成了胶南市双凤山村村落点生活污水分散式处理模式的规划与评价。通过创建空间数据库,并编程将空间数据库与相关数学模型有机结合,实现了GIS(地理信息系统)与D.W.T.P.模型的耦合。选取胶南部分自然村为示范区,开展了区域分散式生活污水处理模式的规划与评价。
选择人工湿地处理方法在实验室内开展了分散式生活污水处理工艺的试验模拟、分析与评价工作。实验结果表明,砂石对CODcr、TP以及NH1+-N的去除率随水力停留时间的延长而增大,也随温度的上升而增大。在环境温度为15℃时,保持4天的水力停留时间,即可将原水样CODcr为252mg/L降至52mg/L,去除率为79%；保持5天的水力停留时间,即可将原水样TP为3.94mg/L降至1.01mg/L,去除率为74%；可将原水样NH4+-N为20.38mg/L降至8.OOmg/L,去除率为61%；后续活性炭或煤研石可以进一步降低TP至0.15mg/L,去除率为85%；进一步降低NH4+-N至4.66mg/L,去除率为42%。
在实验室工作的基础上,选择即墨五中作为示范点进行了模式优选评价、方案设计、工程施工、实际运行和监测的示范工程建设。采用D.W.T.P.模型优选出人工湿地处理模式为最佳选择。经过为期六个月的试运行,证明即墨五中人工湿地处理系统示范工程污水处理效果良好,出水可以达标排放。该示范工程对我国农村分散式污水处理的推广与应用具有重要参考价值。
The analysis and research on current situation of the emissions and treatment of the rural sewage is carried out. It is put forward that rural areas should adjust measures to local conditions to select the appropriate mode of decentralized wastewater treatment. Considering geographical landform, topography, soil type and climatic conditions and other factors, a four levels six programs system of rural decentralized wastewater treatment mode and evaluation method which is suitable for rural regional characteristics in China is established by using improved analytic hierarchy process, in order to help rural place to solve the sewage problem.
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Planning Model is constructed for rural decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation, which based on Yahhp software. It makes the complex calculation process realized the digitization and friendly man-machine visualization. The decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation of Shuangfengshan village in Jiao Nan is finished by using D.W.T.P. Model. GIS and D.W.T.P. Model is coupled by creating a spatial database and combining the spatial database and relevant mathematical model through programming. It has carried out the regional decentralized wastewater treatment mode planning and evaluation for part of the village areas in Jiao Nan.
Constructed wetland wastewater treatment system is chose to simulate, analyze and evaluate in laboratory. Experimental results show that the removal rate of CODcr, TP and NH4+-N increases with increasing hydraulic retention time, also increases with increasing temperature by sandstones treatment. At an ambient temperature of15℃, CODcr can be reduced from252mg/L to52mg/L for4days hydraulic retention time, the removal rate is79%. Keep5days hydraulic retention time, TP can be reduced from3.49mg/L to1.01mg/L, the removal rate is74%, NH4+-N can be reduced from20.38mg/L to8.00mg/L, the removal rate is61%. The subsequent activated carbon or coal gangue treatment can further reduce the TP to0.15mg/L, removal rate is85%, reduce the NH4+-N to4.66mg/L, removal rate is42%.
On this basis, the demonstration project of Jimo fifth high school is designed, evaluated, established, operated and monitored. The constructed wetland wastewater treatment system is determined the best choice by using D.W.T.P. Model. After six months of trial operation, the treatment effect is proved good and the effluent can meet the discharge standards. The demonstration project has important reference value to the popularization and application for the decentralized wastewater treatment in rural place in our country.
引文
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