农业生态旅游资源分类及其开发经营评价体系研究
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摘要
农业生态旅游具有“农游合一”、“生态享受和生态保护合一”的特殊性质,近些年逐渐成为旅游行业一个新的经济增长点,也日益受到专家学者的广泛关注。作为一种新的旅游模式,在理论方面还没有形成普遍的共识,破坏式开发、过分追求经济效益的现象时有发生。在此前提下,给农业生态旅游相关概念一个规范的定义,对农业生态旅游资源进行系统分类,并设计出农业生态旅游资源的评价方法和指标体系,探讨农业生态旅游质量的标准,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
运用共生及相关理论、农业旅游资源理论、生态旅游资源开发理论及旅游经济学理论的最新研究成果,采用德尔菲法进行问卷调查并取得相关数据和问卷答案,设计了分类及评价指标体系,然后运用统计分析方法、层次分析法(AHP)、模糊数学评价法确定了各级指标的权重,最后对广西省典型的两个典型农业生态旅游景区进行了实证研究,结果证明了这一分类体系及评价方法可行可信。主要内容包括五个方面：
(1)总结概括和发展了农业生态旅游的概念,认为“农业生态旅游资源”是农业旅游资源和生态旅游资源的交集,是农业生产系统中的生态旅游资源,是生态旅游资源中具有农业特色的部分。
(2)在大量调研的基础上,提出了农业生态旅游资源的主要分类体系和辅助分类体系。其中主要分类体系的基本作用是为微观管理提供依据,具体包括三级分类,即按功能划为第一级(大类),按本体属性划分为第二级(主类、亚类),按影响农业旅游收益和农业生态旅游资源生态功能的主导因素划分为第三级。辅助分类体系的基本作用是为宏观管理提供依据,其具体可按行业性质、经营主体、经营规模和经营形式四个标准进行分类。
(3)提出了农业生态旅游资源分阶段评价的方案。将农业生态旅游资源评价分为开发评价和经营后续评价两个阶段,从“旅游资源质量评价”、“开发条件评价”／“经营条件评价”、“开发可持续经营评价”／“经营可持续性评价”三个方面(或三大模块)进行评价,并分别构建了评价指标体系和评分标准。
(4)将构建的农业生态旅游资源分类及评价体系,运用到广西自治区最典型的两个农业生态旅游景区,一个是以自然景观为主的南宁八桂田园和以人造景观为主的龙胜龙脊梯田,评价了各自的农业生态旅游资源的质量、开发条件和开发可持续经营状况,评价结果能客观而真实地反映了这两地的农业生态旅游资源现状。
(5)在分析以上典型案例评价结果的基础上,提出了农业生态旅游区的开发策略,包括开发定位、商业模式选择、发展模式选择,提出了农业生态旅游区的建设思路,最后规划了广西农业生态旅游区的开发措施。
总之,论文在科学界定农业生态旅游领域的两个核心概念：农业生态旅游、农业生态旅游资源的基础上,综合考虑了宏观管理和微观管理需要以及旅游资源功能,提出了农业生态旅游资源的主辅分类方案和分类体系。系统建立了农业生态旅游资源评价体系,评价体系包括开发评价和经营评价两个阶段的评价。
Agricultural eco-tourism combines agriculture and tourism as well as ecological enjoyment and ecological protection. It has developed rapidly in recent years, and received extensive attention from experts and scholars. However, as a new tourism mode of which people so far have not got to a common view in theory, agricultural eco-tourism suffers from damages along with its development, and exclusive profit-push is not an unusual occurrence in the course of developing. Therefore, it is of vital importance both in theory and in practice to give standardized definitions of relavant concepts of agricultural eco-tourism, to make systematic classifications, to design evaluation methods and index system of agricultural eco-tourism resources as well as to explore the quality standard of agricultural eco-tourism.
The theories applied in this paper involve the latest theoretical developments in the study of symbiosis, agricultural tourism resources, eco-tourism resource development and tourism economics. Relevant data and questionnaire answers are acquired by Delphi questionnaire survey. Based on the collected data, classification and evaluation index systems are drawn up. The percentage of each index occupied in these systems is specified by means of statistic analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematical evaluation. And finally an empirical study is made of two typical agricultural eco-tourist areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which proves the above two systems feasible and reliable. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The thesis summarizes and develops the concepts of agricultural eco-tourism. It is held that agricultural eco-tourism resources combine agricultural tourism resources with eco-tourism resources to play a part as eco-tourism resources in the agricultural production system and a part with agricultural characteristics in eco-tourism resources.
(2) Based on plenty of investigations, the thesis proposes the classification system of agricultural eco-tourism resources, which consists of the main classification system and the auxiliary classification system. The essential role of the main classification system is to provide the basis for micro-management, composing of classifications at three levels—the first level (by major classes) classified on the criterion of functions; the second level (by subclasses) on the attributes; the third level (by basic types and factors) on the main factors that influence the agricultural tourism benefits and the eco-function of agricultural eco-tourism resources. The essential role of auxiliary classification system is to provide basis for macro-management, and it is classified on the criteria of the industry characteristics, operation entity, scale and modes of operation.
(3) The thesis proposes phase-oriented evaluation scheme of agricultural eco-tourism resources. The evaluations of agricultural eco-tourism resources should be conducted in two phases, the first phase of development and the second phase of operation, on three aspects:the quality of tourism resources, the development/operation conditions and the sustainable operation of development/the operation sustainability.Moreover, the evaluation index systems as well as standards of grading are established respectively.
(4) The classification and evaluation systems concerning agricultural eco-tourism resources are put into practice in the case study of two typical agricultural eco-tourist areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, namely, Nanning Bagui Garden featuring natural landscape and Longsheng Terraced Fields featuring artificial landscape. The evaluation findings as regards to tourism resource quality, development conditions and sustainable operation do reveal the true pictures of agricultural eco-tourism resources in these two areas.
(5) Based on the two field surveys, development strategies for agricultural eco-tourist areas are proposed over the issues of development orientation, choices of commercial modes and development modes; suggestions for agricultural eco-tourist area construction are put forward; and development plans for Guangxi agricultural eco-tourist areas are drawn up.
To sum up, the thesis has scientifically defined two core concepts of agricultural eco-tourism and agricultural eco-tourism resources, based on which the need of macro and micro management and the functions of tourist resources have been taken into a comprehensive consideration; the main and auxiliary classification schemes and systems of agricultural eco-tourism resources have been put forward; the evaluation systems of agricultural eco-tourism resources have been established which include two-phase evaluations, that is, evaluation in the process of tourism resource exploration and evaluation in tourism resource management.
运用共生及相关理论、农业旅游资源理论、生态旅游资源开发理论及旅游经济学理论的最新研究成果,采用德尔菲法进行问卷调查并取得相关数据和问卷答案,设计了分类及评价指标体系,然后运用统计分析方法、层次分析法(AHP)、模糊数学评价法确定了各级指标的权重,最后对广西省典型的两个典型农业生态旅游景区进行了实证研究,结果证明了这一分类体系及评价方法可行可信。主要内容包括五个方面：
(1)总结概括和发展了农业生态旅游的概念,认为“农业生态旅游资源”是农业旅游资源和生态旅游资源的交集,是农业生产系统中的生态旅游资源,是生态旅游资源中具有农业特色的部分。
(2)在大量调研的基础上,提出了农业生态旅游资源的主要分类体系和辅助分类体系。其中主要分类体系的基本作用是为微观管理提供依据,具体包括三级分类,即按功能划为第一级(大类),按本体属性划分为第二级(主类、亚类),按影响农业旅游收益和农业生态旅游资源生态功能的主导因素划分为第三级。辅助分类体系的基本作用是为宏观管理提供依据,其具体可按行业性质、经营主体、经营规模和经营形式四个标准进行分类。
(3)提出了农业生态旅游资源分阶段评价的方案。将农业生态旅游资源评价分为开发评价和经营后续评价两个阶段,从“旅游资源质量评价”、“开发条件评价”／“经营条件评价”、“开发可持续经营评价”／“经营可持续性评价”三个方面(或三大模块)进行评价,并分别构建了评价指标体系和评分标准。
(4)将构建的农业生态旅游资源分类及评价体系,运用到广西自治区最典型的两个农业生态旅游景区,一个是以自然景观为主的南宁八桂田园和以人造景观为主的龙胜龙脊梯田,评价了各自的农业生态旅游资源的质量、开发条件和开发可持续经营状况,评价结果能客观而真实地反映了这两地的农业生态旅游资源现状。
(5)在分析以上典型案例评价结果的基础上,提出了农业生态旅游区的开发策略,包括开发定位、商业模式选择、发展模式选择,提出了农业生态旅游区的建设思路,最后规划了广西农业生态旅游区的开发措施。
总之,论文在科学界定农业生态旅游领域的两个核心概念：农业生态旅游、农业生态旅游资源的基础上,综合考虑了宏观管理和微观管理需要以及旅游资源功能,提出了农业生态旅游资源的主辅分类方案和分类体系。系统建立了农业生态旅游资源评价体系,评价体系包括开发评价和经营评价两个阶段的评价。
Agricultural eco-tourism combines agriculture and tourism as well as ecological enjoyment and ecological protection. It has developed rapidly in recent years, and received extensive attention from experts and scholars. However, as a new tourism mode of which people so far have not got to a common view in theory, agricultural eco-tourism suffers from damages along with its development, and exclusive profit-push is not an unusual occurrence in the course of developing. Therefore, it is of vital importance both in theory and in practice to give standardized definitions of relavant concepts of agricultural eco-tourism, to make systematic classifications, to design evaluation methods and index system of agricultural eco-tourism resources as well as to explore the quality standard of agricultural eco-tourism.
The theories applied in this paper involve the latest theoretical developments in the study of symbiosis, agricultural tourism resources, eco-tourism resource development and tourism economics. Relevant data and questionnaire answers are acquired by Delphi questionnaire survey. Based on the collected data, classification and evaluation index systems are drawn up. The percentage of each index occupied in these systems is specified by means of statistic analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematical evaluation. And finally an empirical study is made of two typical agricultural eco-tourist areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which proves the above two systems feasible and reliable. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The thesis summarizes and develops the concepts of agricultural eco-tourism. It is held that agricultural eco-tourism resources combine agricultural tourism resources with eco-tourism resources to play a part as eco-tourism resources in the agricultural production system and a part with agricultural characteristics in eco-tourism resources.
(2) Based on plenty of investigations, the thesis proposes the classification system of agricultural eco-tourism resources, which consists of the main classification system and the auxiliary classification system. The essential role of the main classification system is to provide the basis for micro-management, composing of classifications at three levels—the first level (by major classes) classified on the criterion of functions; the second level (by subclasses) on the attributes; the third level (by basic types and factors) on the main factors that influence the agricultural tourism benefits and the eco-function of agricultural eco-tourism resources. The essential role of auxiliary classification system is to provide basis for macro-management, and it is classified on the criteria of the industry characteristics, operation entity, scale and modes of operation.
(3) The thesis proposes phase-oriented evaluation scheme of agricultural eco-tourism resources. The evaluations of agricultural eco-tourism resources should be conducted in two phases, the first phase of development and the second phase of operation, on three aspects:the quality of tourism resources, the development/operation conditions and the sustainable operation of development/the operation sustainability.Moreover, the evaluation index systems as well as standards of grading are established respectively.
(4) The classification and evaluation systems concerning agricultural eco-tourism resources are put into practice in the case study of two typical agricultural eco-tourist areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, namely, Nanning Bagui Garden featuring natural landscape and Longsheng Terraced Fields featuring artificial landscape. The evaluation findings as regards to tourism resource quality, development conditions and sustainable operation do reveal the true pictures of agricultural eco-tourism resources in these two areas.
(5) Based on the two field surveys, development strategies for agricultural eco-tourist areas are proposed over the issues of development orientation, choices of commercial modes and development modes; suggestions for agricultural eco-tourist area construction are put forward; and development plans for Guangxi agricultural eco-tourist areas are drawn up.
To sum up, the thesis has scientifically defined two core concepts of agricultural eco-tourism and agricultural eco-tourism resources, based on which the need of macro and micro management and the functions of tourist resources have been taken into a comprehensive consideration; the main and auxiliary classification schemes and systems of agricultural eco-tourism resources have been put forward; the evaluation systems of agricultural eco-tourism resources have been established which include two-phase evaluations, that is, evaluation in the process of tourism resource exploration and evaluation in tourism resource management.
引文
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