人工磁导航定向钻进中靶系统研究
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摘要
人工磁导航定向钻进中靶系统研究的技术依托于笔者参加的一项境外采卤钻井工程,在该工程中,30对U形井组被设计用于抽采地下天然碱卤水。
天然碱矿层厚度通常仅有1～3m,因而其建槽溶腔发展缓慢,导致靶区尺寸较小,一般为各向1m。理论上,在TVD约为400m、井距约为450m的基本条件下,要实现各向1m的中靶精度,依靠传统的MWD系统导航是不可行的。MWD系统的固有偏差特性,导致井深达800m后可能出现10m以上的水平偏差和2m以上的垂直偏差。因此,在工程初期,井组的连通率极低。
此后,经过对比研究,最终引进了美国一家公司生产的人工磁测距仪,结果表明,该仪器用于U形井对接连通作业中,具有操作方便、精度高的特点,可克服传统MWD导向易产生累计位移偏差的缺点。
人工磁中靶系统构思新颖,它巧妙地利用井底钻具的工作特点,将磁信标安装于钻头上,使之与钻头一起作旋转运动,产生动态旋转磁场。在靶点处,三分量磁传感器捕获磁场的波样,并传输到地表。在收到磁测数据后,采用个人电脑和解析软件对磁强波形进行去滤、对比和计算,最终得出钻头相对靶点的方位、项角和距离这三个关键值,为下一步调整钻进方向提供依据,以此引导钻过精确地进入靶区。
本论文试图以定向钻进技术、磁学和数学分析为基础,建立一套钻进状态模型磁测平台,通过大量的磁测试验,推导并验证磁波传导及衰减规律,最终设计一套人工磁中靶系统总成,用于U形对接井的中靶作业。
磁测试验是本系统的重要环节,其目的是验证推导磁强计算公式。从分析结果来看,影响磁波波幅的主要因素有钻进状态参数(转速、相对顶角、相对方位角、距离)、钻进介质(磁导率、地温等)、钻进工艺参数(泥浆温度、泥浆排量)、磁干扰(工频电干扰)等。
受时间和条件限制,本系统尚未完成工业性试验,但地表模拟试验表明,本项目开发的钻进状态计算模型是合理的,其测距及定位误差是可以接受的。
The research on the artificial magnetic target-hitting system is supported by a solution mining drilling project located abroad, where the author of this thesis was a drilling engineer and was responsible for the drilling technology of well pair intersections.
In the project, 30 U-shape well pairs are designed to be drilled to form brine channels of underground mining. In trona mining, the ledges are not as thick as salt ledges, majorities are only around 1-3 meters, therefore, the cavity develops very slowly and the target area is consequently relatively small, being around 1 meter radically.
In theory, based on the well TVD of 450m and well distance of 450m, it is not feasible to make the well pairs intersected underground with MWD system, thus the connection rates of well pairs are very low in the primary stage of the trona solution mining project. Later a USA-made magnetic ranging device was used to guide the directional drilling to hit the target, and the construction practice indicates that the operation is handy and the hitting accuracy is very high, accordingly it can overcome the accumulated inaccuracy of the traditional MWD logging.
In the artificial magnetic target hitting system, the magnetic beacon is installed between the drill bit and mud motor. In this way, the beacon rotates together with the drill string and produces a rotary magnetic filed, while at the target location, a three-axial magnetic sensor is placed to acquire the magnetic field parameters. With the acquired magnetic data, the personal computer analyses and calculates the result of the drill position to target.
On the base of the directional drilling, magnet science and mathematic analysis, a magnet test platform is erected first and on this platform many magnet tests have been done in order to find the functional formula between the drilling direction and magnetic filed parameters. In this way, finally the artificial magnetic target hitting system can be developed.
As a key procedure of the research, the magnetic tests are designed to be performed in four different circumstances and aimed to explore the magnetic behaviors rules. From the magnetic results analysis, the magnetic wave amplitude data rely on the following factors: 1 )drilling position data such as inclination, azimuth and distance between beacon and target; 2) drilling formation parameters such as magnetic conductivity and thermal property; 3)drilling technology parameters as mud flow rate and mud temperature; 4)electro-magnetic disturbance such as 50Hz industrial power. These magnetic tests will provide the theoretic basis for the designing of magnetic ranging system.
Unfortunately, duo to the limitation of time and test condition, the last stage, i.e. industrial trial, has not been performed. Anyway, the ground simulation tests show the good rationality and reliability and an acceptable precision of the test model.
天然碱矿层厚度通常仅有1～3m,因而其建槽溶腔发展缓慢,导致靶区尺寸较小,一般为各向1m。理论上,在TVD约为400m、井距约为450m的基本条件下,要实现各向1m的中靶精度,依靠传统的MWD系统导航是不可行的。MWD系统的固有偏差特性,导致井深达800m后可能出现10m以上的水平偏差和2m以上的垂直偏差。因此,在工程初期,井组的连通率极低。
此后,经过对比研究,最终引进了美国一家公司生产的人工磁测距仪,结果表明,该仪器用于U形井对接连通作业中,具有操作方便、精度高的特点,可克服传统MWD导向易产生累计位移偏差的缺点。
人工磁中靶系统构思新颖,它巧妙地利用井底钻具的工作特点,将磁信标安装于钻头上,使之与钻头一起作旋转运动,产生动态旋转磁场。在靶点处,三分量磁传感器捕获磁场的波样,并传输到地表。在收到磁测数据后,采用个人电脑和解析软件对磁强波形进行去滤、对比和计算,最终得出钻头相对靶点的方位、项角和距离这三个关键值,为下一步调整钻进方向提供依据,以此引导钻过精确地进入靶区。
本论文试图以定向钻进技术、磁学和数学分析为基础,建立一套钻进状态模型磁测平台,通过大量的磁测试验,推导并验证磁波传导及衰减规律,最终设计一套人工磁中靶系统总成,用于U形对接井的中靶作业。
磁测试验是本系统的重要环节,其目的是验证推导磁强计算公式。从分析结果来看,影响磁波波幅的主要因素有钻进状态参数(转速、相对顶角、相对方位角、距离)、钻进介质(磁导率、地温等)、钻进工艺参数(泥浆温度、泥浆排量)、磁干扰(工频电干扰)等。
受时间和条件限制,本系统尚未完成工业性试验,但地表模拟试验表明,本项目开发的钻进状态计算模型是合理的,其测距及定位误差是可以接受的。
The research on the artificial magnetic target-hitting system is supported by a solution mining drilling project located abroad, where the author of this thesis was a drilling engineer and was responsible for the drilling technology of well pair intersections.
In the project, 30 U-shape well pairs are designed to be drilled to form brine channels of underground mining. In trona mining, the ledges are not as thick as salt ledges, majorities are only around 1-3 meters, therefore, the cavity develops very slowly and the target area is consequently relatively small, being around 1 meter radically.
In theory, based on the well TVD of 450m and well distance of 450m, it is not feasible to make the well pairs intersected underground with MWD system, thus the connection rates of well pairs are very low in the primary stage of the trona solution mining project. Later a USA-made magnetic ranging device was used to guide the directional drilling to hit the target, and the construction practice indicates that the operation is handy and the hitting accuracy is very high, accordingly it can overcome the accumulated inaccuracy of the traditional MWD logging.
In the artificial magnetic target hitting system, the magnetic beacon is installed between the drill bit and mud motor. In this way, the beacon rotates together with the drill string and produces a rotary magnetic filed, while at the target location, a three-axial magnetic sensor is placed to acquire the magnetic field parameters. With the acquired magnetic data, the personal computer analyses and calculates the result of the drill position to target.
On the base of the directional drilling, magnet science and mathematic analysis, a magnet test platform is erected first and on this platform many magnet tests have been done in order to find the functional formula between the drilling direction and magnetic filed parameters. In this way, finally the artificial magnetic target hitting system can be developed.
As a key procedure of the research, the magnetic tests are designed to be performed in four different circumstances and aimed to explore the magnetic behaviors rules. From the magnetic results analysis, the magnetic wave amplitude data rely on the following factors: 1 )drilling position data such as inclination, azimuth and distance between beacon and target; 2) drilling formation parameters such as magnetic conductivity and thermal property; 3)drilling technology parameters as mud flow rate and mud temperature; 4)electro-magnetic disturbance such as 50Hz industrial power. These magnetic tests will provide the theoretic basis for the designing of magnetic ranging system.
Unfortunately, duo to the limitation of time and test condition, the last stage, i.e. industrial trial, has not been performed. Anyway, the ground simulation tests show the good rationality and reliability and an acceptable precision of the test model.
引文
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