阜新煤田CO_2置换煤层气实验研究
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摘要
本论文在对阜新煤田的地质、储层条件研究的基础上,选取阜新盆地刘家煤层气勘探区和东梁矿的两组中煤级样品,采用IS-100等温吸附仪开展了注CO_2等混合气体置换CH_4的实验研究。针对两组样品,分别开展了单组分气体(CO_2,CH_4和N_2)吸附实验,二元混合气体(80%CO_2+20%CH_4,20%CO_2+80%CH_4,50%CO_2+50%N_2)的吸附和解吸实验,以及纯CO_2和混合气(80%CO_2+20%N_2,20%CO_2+80%N_2)置换甲烷三个系列的实验。在实验各个阶段均采用气相色谱分析法测试了各系列实验中游离相浓度的变化,并利用扩展兰氏方程和相分离原理,计算了吸附、解吸和置换过程中混合气体中吸附相的变化规律,进一步分析了混合气体的吸附、解吸和混合气体(包括纯CO_2)置换CH_4的机理。论文对我国的中煤级样品开展了注气置换的实验室模拟研究,该项研究不仅丰富了我国注CO_2等混合气体置换CH_4从而提高煤层气采收率的理论,同时也为二氧化碳深埋技术提供了一定的理论基础。
单组分气体的吸附实验结果表明,三种气体对煤的吸附性能从强到弱依次为CO_2,CH_4和N_2。二氧化碳具有比甲烷更高的吸附能力,这也是用二氧化碳来置换甲烷气体的主要原理之一。刘家样较东梁样的吸附能力强主要是因为刘家样的镜质组和壳质组含量较高而灰分和矿物质含量较低造成的。
二元混合气体的吸附解吸实验结果表明,煤总是先吸附吸附能力强的气体,同时总是先解吸吸附能力弱的气体,二元混合气体的吸附和解吸过程中均出现了明显的CO_2气体置换CH_4气体现象。
比较两组样品发现,CH_4和CO_2二元气体中CH_4的解吸速率、解吸率和单位压降下的解吸率均取决于样品对不同气体组分的气体分离因子和组分中CO_2的相对比例。CO_2相对于CH_4的分离因子越高,组分中CO_2的比例越高,则CH_4的解吸速率和单位压降下的解吸率就越高。
总结三个系列实验的结果,影响注CO_2气体置换CH_4的四个主要因素包括:(1)混合气体组分中CO_2含量越高,越有利于置换。纯组分CO_2的置换效果最好,CO_2含量大于80%后就会取得明显的置换效果。(2)置换时,注入CO_2或混合气体的压力点不能高于该混合气体中CO_2组分的临界压力,否则将起不到置换的效果,本实验中最高注入压力为5.6MPa。(3)间断式注气的置换效果明显要优于连续性注气的方式。(4)用于置换的CO_2对CH_4气体分离因子越高,煤储层的置换效果越好。
Based on the reservoir geological characteristics of coals in Fuxin Coalfield, a preliminary laboratory experimental study on coalbed methane (CBM) displacement with carbon dioxide injection is carried out in Liujia CBM pilot-test area and Dongliang mine using an IS-100 isothermal adsorption apparatus. A series of measurements including monocomponent gases (CO_2, CH_4 and N_2) adsorption, binary component gases (80%CO_2+20%CH_4, 20%CO_2+80%CH_4, 50%CO_2+50%N_2) adsorption/desorption, and also with CH_4 displacement by pure and mixed CO_2 gases (100%CO_2, 80%CO_2+20%N_2, 20%CO_2+80%N_2) are performed. During the experiments, all gas saturations (e.g., CO_2, CH_4) at a separate phase are tested using a gas chromatography (GC), at the same time all the gas satrations at an adsorbed phase are calculated based on the Langmuir equation and phase disengagement method. As a result the mechanisms of adsorption, desorption and displacement of these gases are concluded, which can contribute greatly to the theory of enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) and CO_2 sequestration by CO_2 injection.
Results from the monocomponent gases adsorption measurements show that the adsorption capacity of coals for gases is as follows: CO_2>CH_4> N_2. The higher adsorption capability of CO_2 comparing to CH_4 is the basical principle for displacement experiments. The Liujia coal has a higher adsorption capacity for all gases than the Dongliang coal, because it has a higher vitrinite and exinite compositions and also with a lower ash and minerals contents.
Results from the binary component gases adsorption/desorption measurements show that, (1) the gas with higher adsorption capacity is generally first adsorbed from the coal matrix surface during the processes of gas adsorption, but lastly desorbed from the coal surface during the processes of gas desorption, (2) the evident CH_4 displacement with CO_2 is messured during the processes of adsorption and desorption.
Comparing with the Liujia and Dongliang coals, it is found that the desorption rate and the desorption ratio of gases in the binary component (CH_4 and CO_2) are relatively higher in the coals with higher separation factor of CO_2 VS CH_4, and also relatively higher with higher proportion of CO_2 in the gas components.
In conclusion, there are four main influence factors of coalbed methane displacement with carbon dioxide. Firstly, the higher proportion of CO_2 in the multicomponens is, the more favorable to the displacement is. The displacement should take the best efficiency for pure CO_2 gas, and should take the distinctly good efficiency when the proportion of CO_2 > 80% in the multicomponents. Secondly, the injection pressure of CO_2 or multicomponents should be lower than the critical pressure for liquefaction. It is about 5.6MPa for the experiment in this study. Thirdly, an intermittent CO_2-injection mode is obviously better than a continuous CO_2-injection mode. Finally, the higher separation factor of CO_2 VS CH_4 is, the more favorable for displacement implements of coal is.
单组分气体的吸附实验结果表明,三种气体对煤的吸附性能从强到弱依次为CO_2,CH_4和N_2。二氧化碳具有比甲烷更高的吸附能力,这也是用二氧化碳来置换甲烷气体的主要原理之一。刘家样较东梁样的吸附能力强主要是因为刘家样的镜质组和壳质组含量较高而灰分和矿物质含量较低造成的。
二元混合气体的吸附解吸实验结果表明,煤总是先吸附吸附能力强的气体,同时总是先解吸吸附能力弱的气体,二元混合气体的吸附和解吸过程中均出现了明显的CO_2气体置换CH_4气体现象。
比较两组样品发现,CH_4和CO_2二元气体中CH_4的解吸速率、解吸率和单位压降下的解吸率均取决于样品对不同气体组分的气体分离因子和组分中CO_2的相对比例。CO_2相对于CH_4的分离因子越高,组分中CO_2的比例越高,则CH_4的解吸速率和单位压降下的解吸率就越高。
总结三个系列实验的结果,影响注CO_2气体置换CH_4的四个主要因素包括:(1)混合气体组分中CO_2含量越高,越有利于置换。纯组分CO_2的置换效果最好,CO_2含量大于80%后就会取得明显的置换效果。(2)置换时,注入CO_2或混合气体的压力点不能高于该混合气体中CO_2组分的临界压力,否则将起不到置换的效果,本实验中最高注入压力为5.6MPa。(3)间断式注气的置换效果明显要优于连续性注气的方式。(4)用于置换的CO_2对CH_4气体分离因子越高,煤储层的置换效果越好。
Based on the reservoir geological characteristics of coals in Fuxin Coalfield, a preliminary laboratory experimental study on coalbed methane (CBM) displacement with carbon dioxide injection is carried out in Liujia CBM pilot-test area and Dongliang mine using an IS-100 isothermal adsorption apparatus. A series of measurements including monocomponent gases (CO_2, CH_4 and N_2) adsorption, binary component gases (80%CO_2+20%CH_4, 20%CO_2+80%CH_4, 50%CO_2+50%N_2) adsorption/desorption, and also with CH_4 displacement by pure and mixed CO_2 gases (100%CO_2, 80%CO_2+20%N_2, 20%CO_2+80%N_2) are performed. During the experiments, all gas saturations (e.g., CO_2, CH_4) at a separate phase are tested using a gas chromatography (GC), at the same time all the gas satrations at an adsorbed phase are calculated based on the Langmuir equation and phase disengagement method. As a result the mechanisms of adsorption, desorption and displacement of these gases are concluded, which can contribute greatly to the theory of enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) and CO_2 sequestration by CO_2 injection.
Results from the monocomponent gases adsorption measurements show that the adsorption capacity of coals for gases is as follows: CO_2>CH_4> N_2. The higher adsorption capability of CO_2 comparing to CH_4 is the basical principle for displacement experiments. The Liujia coal has a higher adsorption capacity for all gases than the Dongliang coal, because it has a higher vitrinite and exinite compositions and also with a lower ash and minerals contents.
Results from the binary component gases adsorption/desorption measurements show that, (1) the gas with higher adsorption capacity is generally first adsorbed from the coal matrix surface during the processes of gas adsorption, but lastly desorbed from the coal surface during the processes of gas desorption, (2) the evident CH_4 displacement with CO_2 is messured during the processes of adsorption and desorption.
Comparing with the Liujia and Dongliang coals, it is found that the desorption rate and the desorption ratio of gases in the binary component (CH_4 and CO_2) are relatively higher in the coals with higher separation factor of CO_2 VS CH_4, and also relatively higher with higher proportion of CO_2 in the gas components.
In conclusion, there are four main influence factors of coalbed methane displacement with carbon dioxide. Firstly, the higher proportion of CO_2 in the multicomponens is, the more favorable to the displacement is. The displacement should take the best efficiency for pure CO_2 gas, and should take the distinctly good efficiency when the proportion of CO_2 > 80% in the multicomponents. Secondly, the injection pressure of CO_2 or multicomponents should be lower than the critical pressure for liquefaction. It is about 5.6MPa for the experiment in this study. Thirdly, an intermittent CO_2-injection mode is obviously better than a continuous CO_2-injection mode. Finally, the higher separation factor of CO_2 VS CH_4 is, the more favorable for displacement implements of coal is.
引文
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