用户名: 密码: 验证码:
基于融资结构理论的我国采矿业融资问题研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
伴随我国工业化、城镇化、现代化的深入推进,我国矿产资源供需矛盾愈显突出,迫切需要矿业企业提升竞争能力,加快开拓国内国际两个市场。受我国金融市场不够完善以及矿业自身发展水平及高风险特性的影响,多数矿业企业存在融资困境,成为制约其进一步发展的重要因素。西方发达国家经过60多年的理论和实践探索,形成了比较成熟的企业融资理论体系和实践模式。本文以西方融资结构理论为统领,以发达国家企业融资模式为借鉴,采取定量与定性、规范与实证、宏观与微观相结合的研究方法,探究我国采矿业融资问题及其成因和改善对策,力图对研究和改善采矿业融资问题提供理论和实践参考。
     本文通过大量搜集整理采矿业行业经济数据,以及采矿业上市公司、商业银行授信企业财务数据,对我国采矿企业融资结构特征进行辨析,研究结果显示,我国绝大多数采矿企业,特别是民营和中小企业存在“融资结构不够完善、内源融资能力不足、直接融资渠道受限、间接融资难以获得”的融资困境,需要通过“鼓励内源融资,改善间接融资,拓宽直接融资,优化股权结构”的路径进行全面系统地改进,并重点就采矿企业信贷融资和证券融资的融资机理、存在问题、问题根源进行研究,提出从宏观政策和微观策略两方面改善采矿企业信贷配给、以建立全球矿业资本中心为目标筹划发展矿业资本市场、加快拓展采矿业直接融资渠道等具体策略建议。
     企业融资结构、股权结构、治理结构与经营绩效之间存在密切联系。本文采取计量建模的方式,对采矿企业股权结构与经营绩效的关系进行实证研究,结果显示:采矿业上市公司股权集中度与公司绩效呈倒U型关系,样本企业国有股比例与公司绩效负相关。统计分析表明:我国采矿企业股权结构呈现集中型、国有及私人单一控股股东占主导的股权结构特征。针对上述情况,本文建议以市场化为导向,采取适当减持国有股、引进战略投资者、扩大上市融资等多种策略,实施股权多元化改造,加快建立股权相对集中、投资主体有效制衡的股权结构。并以“紫金矿业”为案例,说明采矿企业股权结构优化的重要意义和有效途径,以及资本市场助推采矿企业加快发展的巨大力量。
With the development of industrialization, urbanization and modernization inChina, the contradiction between supply and demand of mineral resources has becomemore and more prominent. Under the circumstances, mining enterprises urgently needto enhance their competitiveness and accelerate the development of both domestic andinternational markets. Due to the imperfection of China's financial market, thelower-level development of mining industry as well as its high-risk characteristics, themajority of mining enterprises is faced with financing difficulties, which become aconstraint to its further development. After60years in research and practice, Westerndeveloped countries have formed a mature corporate finance theory and a practicemode. This research combines quantitative and qualitative methods, normative andempirical methods, as well as macroscopic and microscopic methods. With thesemethods, the thesis uses western financing structure theory as a guide, and thecorporate finance mode in the developed countries as examples, to explore domesticmining industry financing problems, their causes and the improvement measures,providing theoretical explanations and practical approaches to the financing problemsof the mining industry.
     This thesis gathers general economic data from the mining industry, collectsfinancial data from the listed mining companies and commercial banks. Based onthese data, the thesis analyzes the financing structure characteristics of China's miningenterprises and discovers: most private-owned, small and medium-sized miningenterprises are facing incompetent of financing structure and internal financingcapability, that their direct financing channels is limited, and that their indirectfinancing is difficult to obtain. To solve these problems, this thesis suggests a path to acomprehensive and systematic improvement through encouraging internal financing,improving indirect financing, expanding direct financing, and optimizing ownershipstructure. The thesis emphases the credit and security financing mechanism, relatedproblems and deepen reasons mining enterprises are facing, and proposed suggestions on improve the mining enterprise credit rationing from both the macro and microperspectives. In addition to that, this thesis also proposes to plan the development ofthe mining capital market with the aim to create the center of the global miningcapital market, and to accelerate the expansion of direct financing channels for themining industry.
     The relationships among the corporate finance structure, ownership structure,governance structure and operating performance are very close. Using econometricmodeling and empirical research on the relationship between ownership structure andoperating performance of the mining companies, the research shows that ownershipconcentration of listed mining companies (TOP5) and Corporate Performance (ROE)shares an inverted U-shaped relationship and that the proportion of state-owned sharesin the sample companies negatively correlated to their corporate Performance. Thestatistical analysis showed that China's mining enterprises shareholding structurepresents a centralized, government/private single-controlling-shareholder structure.The research recommends establishment of a market-oriented environment,appropriate reduction of state-owned shares, introduction of strategic investors as wellas expansion of public financing, in order to implement a diversified equitytransformation system, and set up a effective shareholding structure, in which theequity is relatively concentrate and the main body of investment is in achecks-and-balances system. The case of Zijin Mining is used to illustrate thesignificant ownership structure optimization, as well as the magnificent power ofdomestic capital market via supporting the development of mining enterprises.
引文
Aghion,Philippe,Bolton,Patrick.An Incomplete Contracts Approach toFinancial Contracting[J].Review of Economic Studies,1992,(59):473-494.
    Aicpa Sec Regulations Committee International Practices Task Force[J]. SECStaff Comments Regarding Extractive Industries,2011,78(2):27-48.
    Bai, B., Yen, J.&Yang. X. False financial statements: characteristics ofChina's listed companies and CART detecting approach[J]. InternationalJournal of Information Technology&Decision Making,2008,7(2):339–359.
    Bin Zhou, Pavitra Kumar, Economic Considerations in Mining LitigationAgainst the Credit Rating Agencies[J], The Battle Group,2012,(2):22–35.
    Ball, R. P. Brown. Risk and Return from Equity Investments in the AustralianMining Industry[J]. Australian Journal of Management.1980,5(10):45-66.
    Baxter, N.D. and J.G. Cragg. Corporate Choice Among Long-Term FinancingInstruments[J]. The Review of Economics and Statistics.1970,52(3):225-235.
    Benning, I. Bankers' Perspective of Mining Project Finance[J]. the Journal oftheSouth African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.2000,88(5):145-152.
    Bester, H. Screening vs. Rationing in Credit Markets with ImperfectInformation[J]. The American Economic Review,1985,75(4):850-855.
    Coval, Jurek, and Stafford, The Economics of Structured Finance[J], Journal ofEconomic Perspectives,2009,23(3): V23.
    Cole-Baker J.R. and G.J. Bowyer. the Role of the Independent Technical Auditin Raising Finance[J]. the Journal of the South African Institute of Mining andMetallurgy.1998,(11):317-326.
    Diamond, D.W. Monitoring and Reputation: The Choice between Bank Loansand Directly Placed Debt[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(4):689-721.
    Durand, D. Costs of Debt and Equity Funds for Business: Trends andProblemsof Measurement[Z]. Conference on Research in Business Finance,1952.
    Fried, J. and P. Howitt. Credit Rationing and Implicit Contract Theory[J].Journalof Money, Credit and Banking,1980,12(3):471-487.
    Gordon, J.B. Mining Finance in Difficult Times, What can be Done?[R].www.pdac.ca/pdac.2001.
    Harris,M.,Raviv,A.Corporate Control Contests and CapitalStructure[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1988,(20):55-86.
    Hogan, L., Harman, J., Maritz, A., Thorpe, S., Simms, A., Berry, P. and A.Copeland. Mineral Exploration in Australia: Trends, Economic Impacts andPolicy Issues[J]. Australian Commodities,2002,9(4):601-607.
    Hodgman, Donald R., Credit Risk and Credit Rationing: A Reply[J], TheQuarterly Journal of Economics,2004,75(2):327-329.
    Jobst, Andreas A. A Primer on Structured Finance[J], Journal of Derivativesand Hedge Funds,2007,48(5):38-59.
    Jaffee, Dwight M. and Franco Modigliani, A Theory and Test of CreditRationing[J], The American Economic Review,1969,59(5):850-872.
    Jaffee, D.M. and T. Russell. Imperfect Information, Uncertainty, and CreditRationing[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1976,90(4):651-666.
    Jensen, M.C. and W.H. Meckling. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior,agency costs and ownership structure[J]. Journal of Financial Economics.1976,3(4):305-360.
    Jennifer, Q.W. Financing the Mining Industry in China[J]. The ChineseEconomy.2012,45(3):76-87.K. A. Froot, Coordinating Investment and Financing Policies[J]. RiskManagement,2008,48(5):48-53.
    Leland, H.E. and D.H. Pyle. Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure,and Financial Intermediation[J]. Journal of Finance.1977,32(2):371-387.
    McConnell, J.J. Additional Evidence on Equity Ownership and CorporateValue[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1990,27(2):595-612.
    Modigliani, F. and M.H. Miller. the Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and theTheory of Investment[J]. The American Economic Review.1958,48(3):261-297.
    Mumford David; Shah Jayant, Optimal Approximations by Piecewise SmoothFunctions and Associated Variational Problems[J]. Communications on Pureand Applied Mathematics,1989, XLII (5):577–685.
    Myers, S.C. and N.S. Majluf. Corporate Financing and Investment Decisionswhen Firms have Information that Investors do not have[J]. Journal ofFinancial Economics.1984,13(2):187-221.
    Oliver Faltin-Traeger, Kathleen W. Johnson, Christopher Mayer, Issuer CreditQuality andthe Price of Asset Backed SecuritiesIssuer Credit Quality and thePrice of Asset Backed Securities[J]. American Economic Review,2010,100(2):501-505.
    Ravisankar P., Ravi V., Rao G.R.&Bose I. Detection of financial statement andfeature selection using data mining techniques[J]. Decision Support System,2011,50:491-500.
    Stiglitz, Joseph E. and Andrew Weiss, Credit Rationing in Markets withImperfect Information, The American Economic Review,1981,71(3),:393-410.
    S.Myers, Myths of the West[Z],wps301, World Bank,1989.
    Spence, M. Competitive and Optimal Responses to Signals: An Analysis ofEfficiency and Distribution[J]. Journal of Economic Theory.1974,7(3):296-332.
    Stiglitz, J.E. and A. Weiss. Credit Rationing in Markets with ImperfectInformation[J]. The American Economic Review,1981,71(3):393-410.
    Strauss, S.D. Capital Requirements of the Mineral Industry[Z].www.onemine.org.2005.1.
    Taub, A.J. Determinants of the Firm's Capital Structure[J]. The Review ofEconomics and Statistics.1975,57(4):410-416.
    Warner, J.B. Bankruptcy Costs: Some Evidence[J]. The Journal of Finance.1977,32(2):337-347.
    Wette, Hildegard C., Collateral in Credit Rationing in Markets with ImperfectInformation[J].The American Economic Review,1983,73(3):442-445.
    Williamson, Stephen D., Costly Monitoring, Loan Contracts, and EquilibriumCredit Rationing[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1986,102(1):135-145.
    Williamson, S.D. Financial Intermediation, Business Failures, and RealBusinessCycles[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1987,95(6):1196-1216.
    Yuan, J., Yuan, C., Deng, Y.,&Yuan, C. The effects of manager compensationand market competition on financial fraud in public companies: an empiricalstudy in China[J]. International Journal of Management,2008,25(2):322–335.
    柏文喜.矿业权融资的困境及对策探讨[J].中国矿业,2009,(10):36-39.
    陈耿.上市公司融资结构:理论与实证研究[M].经济管理出版社,2007
    崔斌,岑况,郑厚义.我国矿业资本市场特征及上市公司资本结构影响因素分析[J].中国矿业,2010,(3):25-28.
    程前.中国矿业创新融资模式研究[M].中国经济出版社,2011年6月第1版。
    程前.国际矿业资本市场融资概论[J].消费导刊,2009,(12):27-32.
    程前.我国矿业企业融资模式研究的现状与意义[J].中国市场,2008,(12):65-66.
    程前.矿业企业债权融资分析[J].学术论丛,2009,(12):23-25.
    陈伟强,佘延双.国外证券交易所矿业公司融资的比较与启示[J].中国矿业,2012,(8):224-227.
    陈俊楠.国外矿业资本市场发展的经验与启示[J].当代经济,2010,(8):6-8.
    陈向斌,张超,胡社,荣田健.我国矿业融资研究与发展策略分析[J].煤炭经济研究,2008,(6):28-31.
    陈春霞.我国信用制度变迁中的企业融资方式选择研究[D].江西财经大学.2004
    董道华,李伟.积极推进我国矿产勘查融资市场的建设[J].国土资源情报,2008,(6):6-8.
    段涛,中国上市公司融资结构研究[D],中国人民银行金融研究所,2007.
    方晓霞,中国企业融资:制度变迁与行为分析[M],北京大学出版社,1999.
    盖静.发展矿业资本市场[J].地质技术经济管理,2004,(2):30-32.
    干飞.建立和发展我国矿产勘查资本市场[J].当代经济,2009,(9):54-55.
    干飞.发展我国矿产勘查资本市场[J].资源与产业,2010,(1):120-126.
    干飞,丁锋.关于矿业资本市场的若干思考[J].中国地质矿产经济,2003,(5):16-19.
    关凤峻.论我国矿业经济及其特点[J].中国矿业,2004,13(4):3-6。
    关凤峻.中国二元结构矿业经济研究[M].中国大地出版社.2001.
    郭树清.我国资本市场的成就、问题和前景[J].行政管理改革,2012,(10):4-9.
    郭朝阳等.多元化公司的战略与控制[M].经济管理出版社.2008
    国信证券公司课题组,上市公司融资结构与融资成本的实证研究[Z],2002.
    国务院,《中国的矿产资源政策》白皮书[Z],2003.
    国土资源部,2012年中国矿产资源报告[Z],2012.
    黄少安、张岗,中国上市公司股权融资偏好分析[J],经济研究,2001.(11):12-20+27.
    黄少安、钟卫东,股权融资成本软约束与股权融资偏好—对中国公司股权融资偏好的进一步解释[J],财经问题研究,2012.(12)3-10.
    何青,固定资产折旧的融资效应分析[J],山西财经大学学报,2006.(4):112-116
    胡红星,张亚维.中小企业信贷配给的综合模型[J].财贸研究,2005,(3):63-68。
    胡国柳,蒋国洲.股权机构、公司治理与企业业绩—来自中国上市公司的新证据[J].财贸研究,2004,(04)84-90+99.
    贾丰.矿业资本市场浅析[J].中国矿业,2003,(12):19-22.
    贾文龙,任忠宝.探析矿业与资本市场的融合[J].中国国土资源经济,2011,(2):13-16.
    金剑华.中国矿业资本迈向全球化的时代[R].国际矿业大会,2009.
    孔荣.西方现代企业融资结构理论评述[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版.2004.(1).
    蓝发钦,中国上市公司股利政策论[M].上海,华东师范大学出版社,2001
    李刚.矿业场外交易市场建设探析[J].当代经济,2010,(5):62-63.
    李刚.我国多层次矿业资本市场建设与发展探析[J].中国矿业,2011,(3):6-9.
    梁能.公司治理结构:中国的实践与美国的经验[M],中国人民大学出版社,2000年.
    林晓蓉,MM理论及其成就与缺陷[J].才智,2009,(22):137
    刘淑莲,企业融资方式、结构与机制[M],中国财政经济出版社,2002.
    刘运国,高亚男.我国上市公司股权制衡与公司业绩关系研究[J].中山大学学报,2007,(4):102-108.
    罗仲伟郑江淮.国有企业所有权控制结构的选择与调整[J].改革,2000.(5):47-52.
    朱卫平.国有股减持与我国国有上市公司治理结构的完善[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2011.(1):71-77.
    马杰,王玲玲.我国矿业融资问题研究[J].商业会计,2010,(10):36-37.
    潘金生,安贺新,李志强.中国信用制度建设[M].经济科学出版社,2003年7月第1版。
    饶育蕾,制度适应与市场博弈:企业资本结构的形成机理研究[D].中南大学,2001.
    任建军.信贷配给理论发展、模型与实证研究[J].金融论坛.2009,(4):21-28
    沙景华,佘延双.矿业融资的国际比较与分析[J].中国矿业,2008,(1):53-55.
    沙景华,佘延双.关于发展我国矿业私募股权融资的建议[J].中国国土资源经济,2008,(7):7-10.
    沈维涛,叶晓铭.中国上市公司的EVA体系适用条件分析[J].农村金融研究,2003,(12):33-35.
    沈维涛中国上市公司融资结构、股权结构与治理结构研究[D].博士学位论文.厦门大学.2003
    时文朝,杨农.中国债券市场发展与创新[M].中国金融出版社,2011年3月第1版。
    宋国明.加拿大矿业证券市场[J].国土资源情报,2005,(10):24-29.王锋,李晓斌.设立矿业板推动中国矿业资本市场建设研究[J].资源与产业,2010,(6):166-169.
    王柳松,佘延双.私募股权及对我国矿业融资的启示[J].矿业研究与开发,2008,(8):83-85.
    王文,邹永生.大力推进矿业资本市场建设[J].中国矿业,2001,(6):30-33.王永辉,胡胜国.中小矿业公司融资困境及对策研究[J].中国矿业,2012,(8):196-200.
    王月萍,沈乐平.员工持股与公司治理结构优化[J].企业活力,2008,(8):6-7.
    王赞新.矿业权证券化模式探索[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,(2):58-63.
    王贞洁,沈维涛.外部治理环境与上市公司并购绩效[J].山西财经大学学报,2012,(03).
    吴淑琨.股权结构与公司绩效的U型关系研究——1997~2000年上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2002,(1):80-87.
    吴淑琨,席酉民.公司治理与中国企业改革[M].机械工业出版社,2000年7月.
    谢亚衡.国际矿业工程的融资策略问题研究[J].煤炭工程,2009,(7):109-111.
    希克斯.价值与资本[M].商务印书馆,2010年10月第二版.
    徐绪松,陆隽.信息经济学视角:利用商业信用缓解中小企业信贷配给[J].生产力研究,2006,(2):231-234。
    许小年,王燕.中国上市公司的所有制结构与公司治理[M].人民大学出版社,2000.
    谢亚衡.我国上市矿业公司的融资悖论与完善措施[J].中国矿业,2009,(11):38-41。
    徐晓东,陈小悦.第一大股东对公司治理、企业业绩的影响分析[J].经济研究,2003,(2):64-74.
    杨农,刘威,杨辉,黄永刚.中国企业债券融资创新方案与实用手册[M].经济科学出版社,2012年9月第1版。
    杨咸月,何光辉.金融自由化、金融抑制与信贷配给[J].上海经济研究,2000,(11):44-51。
    尹筑嘉,蔡德容.矿产勘查的融资方式研究[J].科技管理研究,2007,(3):224-226.
    袁华江.中国矿业融资的经济选择:夹层融资[J].石家庄经济学院学报,2010,(2):45-49.
    袁华江.新时期矿业融资实证的法律与经济启示[J].矿产勘查,2010,1(4):316-322。
    余际从,王伟.关于矿业产业定位的国际比较分析[J].中国矿业.2005,(11):2-3
    赵亮,唐金荣,肖荣阁.国外矿产勘查资本市场发展现状与经验借鉴[J].煤炭经济研究,2010,(6):32-34.
    张荣光.矿业融资途径探讨[J].社会科学研究,2009,(4):54-57.张庆.我国矿业企业海外矿产投融资研究[J].中国矿业,2008,(11):15-18.张炎.中国矿业融资与投资环境分析[J].中国金属通报,2007,(8):32-35.
    张应红,干飞,文志岳.中国矿业融资分析与政策建议[J].国土资源科技管理,2002,(5):68-71.
    张海峰.“双重信贷配给”对我国中小企业贷款的影响及对策[J].经济师.2004,(2):230-231。
    张国林,曾令琪.股权结构与公司业绩、治理效率关系的实证[J].重庆大学学报,2005,(7):140-144.
    张昌彩.中国融资方式研究[M].中国财政经济出版社,1999.
    张维迎.所有制、治理结构与委托代理关系[J].经济研究,1996.(9)
    钟仁一.矿业权融资的难点及对策[J].中国地质矿产经济,2003,(7):26-28.
    中国社会科学院工业经济研究所课题组.中国矿业发展战略研究[R].2009年7月.
    中国矿业融资培训与研究组.中国矿业融资[M].大地出版社,2004年10月.
    中国大百科全书编辑委员会.中国大百科全书:财政税收金融价格(第二版)[M].中国大百科全书出版社,2009.
    邹永生.矿业资本市场与矿业融资[J].学习与借鉴,2003,(5):34-36.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700