松辽盆地晚白垩世四方台组沉积地层数据的时基函数识别
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摘要
地层年代的确定与分析是地球科学中的很多问题研究的基础。而确定地层年代需要识别保存在地层中的各种替代指标的深度与时间函数（时基函数）关系。本文针对上述问题，选择了松辽盆地松科1井北孔四方台组岩心（分为上、下段）作为研究对象，选取其上旋回分析常用的与岩相对应较好的自然伽马测井曲线的深度序列为替代指标，使用磁性地层学已有结论做定年基准点，详细描述了如何通过数学方法建立初步模型和改进模型来识别地层深度与时间的时基函数关系。
首先运用信号处理中的频域法分离扰动，识别主周期，再由反傅立叶变换经过反复调整获得时基失真项，进而建立时基函数的初步模型，并推导沉积速率模型。接着针对初步模型有主观性的不足，设计参数化的改进模型，使用初步模型结果为初始值，多次最小二乘优化待定的参数，再由模型选择原则选取兼顾复杂度与拟合效果的最优的参数，进而获得具体的改进模型。
通过最优的改进模型取得的主要结论有：1.改进模型确定四方台组上段自然伽马曲线主周期为407.0103kyr，下段主周期为2318.6kyr，可能有助探讨陆相沉积对不同驱动的全球气候变化的响应。2.上段岩心中四方台组与明水组界线年龄为72.1798Ma，与磁性地层学线性插值结果不同。3.下段中选用大、小两段地层分别为中间磁性带界限定年，与已有磁性地层学结果对比，相对误差最好能达到0.13%，0.14%。在所建模型基础上获得的沉积速率可识别地层中不整合位置与速度增减的拐点，这可被已有岩性和沉积环境结果证实。这些结论可说明四方台组自然伽马测井序列所建模型的适应性,也说明选这种测井序列作替代指标的可行性。4.重现自然伽马测井数据的时间序列与周期变化曲线，方便做沉积构造与环境变化分析。5.不同于常见的平均沉积率组成的阶梯状曲线，建立了四方台组连续的沉积速率曲线，与磁性地层学结果对应，虽然大趋势一致，但所得沉积速率普遍偏高。
本文模型方法从时序分析角度，结合已有的磁性地层学定年结果，定量、客观的模拟晚白垩世一段地层中的时基关系。此识别模型亦可与旋回、层序、磁性、生物等地层学确定性高的端点定年结果结合使用来提高地质年代学分析的准确性、精度和分辨率，拓展了人们有效分析白垩纪地质年代数据的方法。
Dating and analyzing the strata are the groundwork for many problems in the earth science.Identification of the (time base) function between the depth and the age of the proxies reservedin the strata is needed by dating the strata. To solve this problem, our research object is the corefrom the Sifangtai Formation of SK1(a coring program)(North) in Songliao Basin and the proxyis the natural gamma-ray (GR) logging data which is found to closely and consistently track thelithological changes. Every step and matter worth paying attentions to build the initial model andthe modified model were described in detail based on the magnetostratigraphic results as thebase-points. The two kinds of models could identify the time base functions.
At first, by frequency domain method usually used in signal process, the disturbances wereseparated and the main periods were identified. Then after applying the Inverse Discrete FourierTransform, the time base distortions were estimated by repeatedly tunings. So the initial timebase functions were established. From the time base functions we deduced the sedimentaccumulation rate formula. However the initial model was subjective. So the modified modelneeded to be parameterized in order to cover the shortage of the former model. Take the resultsin the initial model as the starting values of the modified model, optimize all of the modelparameters, at last by using model selection criterion, select the optimal model considering itscomplexity and fitting effect.
The following results derived from the optimal modified model for the GR data of theSifangtai Formation of SK1(a coring program)(North) in Songliao Basin.
1. The main periods of the upper and the lower GR series of Sifangtai Formation are estimatedas407.0103kyr and2318.6kyr, respectively, which are probably helpful to study continentaldeposit response to the global paleaoclimatic changes caused by different driving forces.
2. The boundary age between the Sifangtai and the Mingshui Formatuion is72.1789Ma, whichis different from the magnetostratigraphic result obtained by linear interpolation.
3. For the lower boundaries of chron R3, N3, the better relative errors compared with knownages are0.13%，0.14%, respectively. According to the time base from the modified model,the sediment accumulation rate formula is deduced. It can identify the unconformablesituation and the inflection points of the increase and decrease sediment accumulation rate，which can be verified by lithostrarigraphic and sedimentary environmental discoveries.These results indicate the adaptability of the modified model and the feasibility of the GRlogging data as the proxy.
4. The GR time series and its period object functions are recovered in favor of the analysisabout depositional environment and structure during that time.
5. Different from common stepladder average sediment accumulation rates, we establisheddeposition rate continuous curve, whose tendency could match approximately with themagnetostratigraphic results, but whose numerical value were more than them.Viewed from the time series analysis, the models here are quantitative methods whichobjectively identify the time base relations hiding in the strata. The models could be combinedwith other base-points relative accurately dated by the cyclostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic,biostratigraphic, sequence stratigraphic methods. It will improve the accuracy, the precision andthe resolution of chronostratigraphic analysis techniques; besides, they can enrich the methodsfor effectively analyzing the geologic chronology data in Cretaceous.
首先运用信号处理中的频域法分离扰动，识别主周期，再由反傅立叶变换经过反复调整获得时基失真项，进而建立时基函数的初步模型，并推导沉积速率模型。接着针对初步模型有主观性的不足，设计参数化的改进模型，使用初步模型结果为初始值，多次最小二乘优化待定的参数，再由模型选择原则选取兼顾复杂度与拟合效果的最优的参数，进而获得具体的改进模型。
通过最优的改进模型取得的主要结论有：1.改进模型确定四方台组上段自然伽马曲线主周期为407.0103kyr，下段主周期为2318.6kyr，可能有助探讨陆相沉积对不同驱动的全球气候变化的响应。2.上段岩心中四方台组与明水组界线年龄为72.1798Ma，与磁性地层学线性插值结果不同。3.下段中选用大、小两段地层分别为中间磁性带界限定年，与已有磁性地层学结果对比，相对误差最好能达到0.13%，0.14%。在所建模型基础上获得的沉积速率可识别地层中不整合位置与速度增减的拐点，这可被已有岩性和沉积环境结果证实。这些结论可说明四方台组自然伽马测井序列所建模型的适应性,也说明选这种测井序列作替代指标的可行性。4.重现自然伽马测井数据的时间序列与周期变化曲线，方便做沉积构造与环境变化分析。5.不同于常见的平均沉积率组成的阶梯状曲线，建立了四方台组连续的沉积速率曲线，与磁性地层学结果对应，虽然大趋势一致，但所得沉积速率普遍偏高。
本文模型方法从时序分析角度，结合已有的磁性地层学定年结果，定量、客观的模拟晚白垩世一段地层中的时基关系。此识别模型亦可与旋回、层序、磁性、生物等地层学确定性高的端点定年结果结合使用来提高地质年代学分析的准确性、精度和分辨率，拓展了人们有效分析白垩纪地质年代数据的方法。
Dating and analyzing the strata are the groundwork for many problems in the earth science.Identification of the (time base) function between the depth and the age of the proxies reservedin the strata is needed by dating the strata. To solve this problem, our research object is the corefrom the Sifangtai Formation of SK1(a coring program)(North) in Songliao Basin and the proxyis the natural gamma-ray (GR) logging data which is found to closely and consistently track thelithological changes. Every step and matter worth paying attentions to build the initial model andthe modified model were described in detail based on the magnetostratigraphic results as thebase-points. The two kinds of models could identify the time base functions.
At first, by frequency domain method usually used in signal process, the disturbances wereseparated and the main periods were identified. Then after applying the Inverse Discrete FourierTransform, the time base distortions were estimated by repeatedly tunings. So the initial timebase functions were established. From the time base functions we deduced the sedimentaccumulation rate formula. However the initial model was subjective. So the modified modelneeded to be parameterized in order to cover the shortage of the former model. Take the resultsin the initial model as the starting values of the modified model, optimize all of the modelparameters, at last by using model selection criterion, select the optimal model considering itscomplexity and fitting effect.
The following results derived from the optimal modified model for the GR data of theSifangtai Formation of SK1(a coring program)(North) in Songliao Basin.
1. The main periods of the upper and the lower GR series of Sifangtai Formation are estimatedas407.0103kyr and2318.6kyr, respectively, which are probably helpful to study continentaldeposit response to the global paleaoclimatic changes caused by different driving forces.
2. The boundary age between the Sifangtai and the Mingshui Formatuion is72.1789Ma, whichis different from the magnetostratigraphic result obtained by linear interpolation.
3. For the lower boundaries of chron R3, N3, the better relative errors compared with knownages are0.13%，0.14%, respectively. According to the time base from the modified model,the sediment accumulation rate formula is deduced. It can identify the unconformablesituation and the inflection points of the increase and decrease sediment accumulation rate，which can be verified by lithostrarigraphic and sedimentary environmental discoveries.These results indicate the adaptability of the modified model and the feasibility of the GRlogging data as the proxy.
4. The GR time series and its period object functions are recovered in favor of the analysisabout depositional environment and structure during that time.
5. Different from common stepladder average sediment accumulation rates, we establisheddeposition rate continuous curve, whose tendency could match approximately with themagnetostratigraphic results, but whose numerical value were more than them.Viewed from the time series analysis, the models here are quantitative methods whichobjectively identify the time base relations hiding in the strata. The models could be combinedwith other base-points relative accurately dated by the cyclostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic,biostratigraphic, sequence stratigraphic methods. It will improve the accuracy, the precision andthe resolution of chronostratigraphic analysis techniques; besides, they can enrich the methodsfor effectively analyzing the geologic chronology data in Cretaceous.
引文
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